Urtica dioica (English Wikipedia)

Westfall, Rachel Emma (2003). "Galactagogue herbs: a qualitative study and review". Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice. 2 (2): 22–27.

dartmoor.gov.uk

"Whitehorse Hill". Dartmoor. Retrieved 1 August 2018.

doi.org

Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Urtica dioica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T167815A78457212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T167815A78457212.en. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
Lukešová, Hana (June 2017). "Identifying plant fibre textiles from Norwegian Merovingian Period and Viking Age graves: The Late Iron Age Collection of the University Museum of Bergen". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 13: 281–285. Bibcode:2017JArSR..13..281L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.03.051.
Henning, T.; Quandt, D.; Große-Veldmann, B.; Monro, A.K.; Weigend, M. (2014). "Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of 'Urtica dioica L.' (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait.". Phytotaxa. 162 (2): 61–83. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.162.2.1.
Pagliarulo, C.L; Hayden, A.L; Giacomelli, G.A (2004). "Potential for Greenhouse Aeroponic Cultivation of Urtica Dioica". Acta Horticulturae (659): 61–66. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.659.6. S2CID 14875913.
Cummings, Alexander J; Olsen, Michael (2011). "Mechanism of Action of Stinging Nettles". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 22 (2): 136–139. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.01.001. PMID 21396858.
Adisesh, A; Robinson, E; Nicholson, P.J; Sen, D; Wilkinson, M; Standards of Care Working Group (2013). "U.K. Standards of care for occupational contact dermatitis and occupational contact urticaria". British Journal of Dermatology. 168 (6): 1167–1175. doi:10.1111/bjd.12256. PMC 3734701. PMID 23374107.
Hughes, R. Elwyn; Ellery, Peter; Harry, Tim; Jenkins, Vivian; Jones, Eleri (1980). "The dietary potential of the common nettle". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31 (12): 1279–86. Bibcode:1980JSFA...31.1279H. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740311210. PMID 6259444.
Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, Hutton C, Sanders H (2000). "Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 93 (6): 305–309. doi:10.1177/014107680009300607. PMC 1298033. PMID 10911825.
Bergfjord, C. (2012). "Nettle as a distinct Bronze-Age textile plant". Scientific Reports. 2: 664. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.664B. doi:10.1038/srep00664. PMC 3460533. PMID 23024858.
Vogl, C.R; Hartl, A (2009). "Production and processing of organically grown fiber nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its potential use in the natural textile industry: A review". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture. 18 (3): 119. doi:10.1079/AJAA200242. S2CID 54916789.
Lutomski, Jerzy; Speichert, Henryk (1983). "Die Brennessel in Heilkunde und Ernährung". Pharmazie in unserer Zeit (in German). 12 (6): 181–186. doi:10.1002/pauz.19830120602. PMID 6657715.
Guil-Guerrero, J.L; Rebolloso-Fuentes, M.M; Isasa, M.E.Torija (2003). "Fatty acids and carotenoids from Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 16 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1016/S0889-1575(02)00172-2.
Loetscher, Y; Kreuzer, M; Messikommer, R.E (2013). "Utility of nettle (Urtica dioica) in layer diets as a natural yellow colorant for egg yolk". Animal Feed Science and Technology. 186 (3–4): 158–168. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.006.
Loetscher, Y; Kreuzer, M; Messikommer, R. E (2013). "Oxidative stability of the meat of broilers supplemented with rosemary leaves, rosehip fruits, chokeberry pomace, and entire nettle, and effects on performance and meat quality". Poultry Science. 92 (11): 2938–2948. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03258. PMID 24135598.
Humphries, D.J; Reynolds, C.K (2014). "The effect of adding stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) haylage to a total mixed ration on performance and rumen function of lactating dairy cows". Animal Feed Science and Technology. 189: 72–81. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.006.
Bryant, Simon; Thomas, Chris; Bale, Jeffrey (1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: Temperature, development and distribution". Ecological Entomology. 22 (4): 390–398. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x. S2CID 84143178.

dreamwidth.org

doug.dreamwidth.org

Doug (5 September 2010). "Grasping the nettle: an empirical enquiry". Retrieved 6 September 2010.

drugs.com

"Nettles". Drugs.com. 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

efloras.org

Chen Jiarui; Ib Friis; C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear. "Flora of China online". efloras, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

floranorthamerica.org

beta.floranorthamerica.org

Boufford, David E. (5 November 2020). "Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 9 June 2023.

fs.fed.us

"Species: Urtica dioica". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
Carey, Jennifer H. (1995). "Urtica dioica". Fire Effects Information System, [Online].

garden-helper.com

"Indicator Weeds and Soil Conditions at". Garden-helper.com. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

gardenorganic.org.uk

"Common nettle | Garden Organic". www.gardenorganic.org.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2022.

ghostarchive.org

"Nettles: Bad guys come good". The Telegraph Online. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Langley, William (14 June 2009). "World Stinging Nettle Eating Championship attracts record crowd". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2012.

greekboston.com

"What's In Your Horta?". Greek Cooking. GreekBoston. 21 June 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

gutenberg.org

"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Æsop For Children, by Æsop". Gutenberg.org. 2 December 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lukešová, Hana (June 2017). "Identifying plant fibre textiles from Norwegian Merovingian Period and Viking Age graves: The Late Iron Age Collection of the University Museum of Bergen". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 13: 281–285. Bibcode:2017JArSR..13..281L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.03.051.
Hughes, R. Elwyn; Ellery, Peter; Harry, Tim; Jenkins, Vivian; Jones, Eleri (1980). "The dietary potential of the common nettle". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31 (12): 1279–86. Bibcode:1980JSFA...31.1279H. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740311210. PMID 6259444.
Bergfjord, C. (2012). "Nettle as a distinct Bronze-Age textile plant". Scientific Reports. 2: 664. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.664B. doi:10.1038/srep00664. PMC 3460533. PMID 23024858.

herbalpractitioner.com

"virtual-herb-walk". Herbalpractitioner.com. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

hermesnews.org

"Byrek me hithra" (in Albanian). Hermes News. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

ijabbr.com

Keshavarz, Mehdi; Rezaeipour, Vahid; Asadzadeh, Sakineh (2014). "Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Stability and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Nettle (Urtica dioica. L) Powder or Essential Oil". International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2 (9): 2553–2561. ISSN 2322-4827.

iucnredlist.org

Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Urtica dioica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T167815A78457212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T167815A78457212.en. Retrieved 4 May 2024.

kew.org

powo.science.kew.org

"Urtica dioica L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
"Urtica gracilis Aiton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
"Urtica dioica subsp. dioica". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
"Urtica dioica subsp. pubescens (Ledeb.) Domin". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 May 2023.

lisalodwick.wordpress.com

Lodwick, Lisa (10 April 2014). "Roman nettle – Urtica pilulifera". Lisa Lodwick. Retrieved 1 August 2018.

lynherdairies.co.uk

"Lynher Dairies Nettles & Garlic". Lynherdairies.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

mst.dk

European Union. "Final Review report for the basic substance Urtica spp. Finalised in the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed at its meeting on 24 January 2017" (PDF).

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cummings, Alexander J; Olsen, Michael (2011). "Mechanism of Action of Stinging Nettles". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 22 (2): 136–139. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.01.001. PMID 21396858.
Adisesh, A; Robinson, E; Nicholson, P.J; Sen, D; Wilkinson, M; Standards of Care Working Group (2013). "U.K. Standards of care for occupational contact dermatitis and occupational contact urticaria". British Journal of Dermatology. 168 (6): 1167–1175. doi:10.1111/bjd.12256. PMC 3734701. PMID 23374107.
Hughes, R. Elwyn; Ellery, Peter; Harry, Tim; Jenkins, Vivian; Jones, Eleri (1980). "The dietary potential of the common nettle". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31 (12): 1279–86. Bibcode:1980JSFA...31.1279H. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740311210. PMID 6259444.
Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, Hutton C, Sanders H (2000). "Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 93 (6): 305–309. doi:10.1177/014107680009300607. PMC 1298033. PMID 10911825.
Bergfjord, C. (2012). "Nettle as a distinct Bronze-Age textile plant". Scientific Reports. 2: 664. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.664B. doi:10.1038/srep00664. PMC 3460533. PMID 23024858.
Lutomski, Jerzy; Speichert, Henryk (1983). "Die Brennessel in Heilkunde und Ernährung". Pharmazie in unserer Zeit (in German). 12 (6): 181–186. doi:10.1002/pauz.19830120602. PMID 6657715.
Loetscher, Y; Kreuzer, M; Messikommer, R. E (2013). "Oxidative stability of the meat of broilers supplemented with rosemary leaves, rosehip fruits, chokeberry pomace, and entire nettle, and effects on performance and meat quality". Poultry Science. 92 (11): 2938–2948. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03258. PMID 24135598.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Adisesh, A; Robinson, E; Nicholson, P.J; Sen, D; Wilkinson, M; Standards of Care Working Group (2013). "U.K. Standards of care for occupational contact dermatitis and occupational contact urticaria". British Journal of Dermatology. 168 (6): 1167–1175. doi:10.1111/bjd.12256. PMC 3734701. PMID 23374107.
Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, Hutton C, Sanders H (2000). "Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 93 (6): 305–309. doi:10.1177/014107680009300607. PMC 1298033. PMID 10911825.
Bergfjord, C. (2012). "Nettle as a distinct Bronze-Age textile plant". Scientific Reports. 2: 664. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.664B. doi:10.1038/srep00664. PMC 3460533. PMID 23024858.

oed.com

"nettled". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

ohio-state.edu

oardc.ohio-state.edu

"Stinging Nettle". Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

pfaf.org

"Urtica dioica - L". Plants for a Future. 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

plantatlas2020.org

P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker (eds.). "Urtica dioica L." BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2023.

rafhladan.is

Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X

rbgkew.org.uk

"Recorded uses of' dock (Rumex sp.)". Ethnomedica. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008. ^{[verification needed]}

recipetips.com

"Gouda Cheese with Stinging Nettles: Cooking Terms". RecipeTips.com. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

researchgate.net

Henning, T.; Quandt, D.; Große-Veldmann, B.; Monro, A.K.; Weigend, M. (2014). "Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of 'Urtica dioica L.' (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait.". Phytotaxa. 162 (2): 61–83. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.162.2.1.

rhs.org.uk

"Nettles as weeds / RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Pagliarulo, C.L; Hayden, A.L; Giacomelli, G.A (2004). "Potential for Greenhouse Aeroponic Cultivation of Urtica Dioica". Acta Horticulturae (659): 61–66. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.659.6. S2CID 14875913.
Vogl, C.R; Hartl, A (2009). "Production and processing of organically grown fiber nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its potential use in the natural textile industry: A review". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture. 18 (3): 119. doi:10.1079/AJAA200242. S2CID 54916789.
Bryant, Simon; Thomas, Chris; Bale, Jeffrey (1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: Temperature, development and distribution". Ecological Entomology. 22 (4): 390–398. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x. S2CID 84143178.

telegraph.co.uk

"Nettles: Bad guys come good". The Telegraph Online. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Langley, William (14 June 2009). "World Stinging Nettle Eating Championship attracts record crowd". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2012.

theecologist.org

Flintoff, John-Paul (20 August 2009). "Second skin: why wearing nettles is the next big thing". The Ecologist.

theguardian.com

Wright, John (18 May 2011). "Homebrew from the hedgerow: nettle beer". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
Neustatter, Angela (27 February 2008). "Rash thinking". The Guardian.

thetimes.co.uk

Hopcroft, Keith (10 September 2005). "Home remedies: dock leaves for nettle stings". Retrieved 29 August 2020.

tll.de

Wurl, Günter; Graf, Torsten; Vettel, Armin; Biertümpfel, Andrea. "10 Jahre anbautechnische Versuche zu Fasernesseln (Urtica dioica L.) in Thüringen" (PDF). Thüringer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft.

ucdavis.edu

ipm.ucdavis.edu

"Burning & Stinging Nettles". University of California. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

urban.al

"Byrek me hithra" [Recipe: Nettles Pie] (in Albanian). 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

usda.gov

plants.usda.gov

Urtica dioica L. ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Seland., USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 9 June 2023

ndb.nal.usda.gov

"USDA National Nutrient Database: raw carrot". Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2015.

wattpad.com

1069 Recetas de Cocina Archived 5 February 2013 at archive.today (No 423). Wattpad.com (12 May 2010). Retrieved on 3 July 2012.

web.archive.org

"Recorded uses of' dock (Rumex sp.)". Ethnomedica. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008. ^{[verification needed]}
"Lynher Dairies Nettles & Garlic". Lynherdairies.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
"Byrek me hithra" (in Albanian). Hermes News. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
"Byrek me hithra" [Recipe: Nettles Pie] (in Albanian). 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
"Stinging nettles". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
"USDA National Nutrient Database: raw carrot". Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2015.

wildflowerfinder.org.uk

Nettle (Stinging). Wildflowerfinder.org.uk. Retrieved on 3 July 2012.

worldcat.org

Wright, John (18 May 2011). "Homebrew from the hedgerow: nettle beer". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
Keshavarz, Mehdi; Rezaeipour, Vahid; Asadzadeh, Sakineh (2014). "Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Stability and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Nettle (Urtica dioica. L) Powder or Essential Oil". International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2 (9): 2553–2561. ISSN 2322-4827.