Usnea (English Wikipedia)

Brodo, Sharnoff & Sharnoff 2001, p. 11. Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08249-4.
Brodo, Sharnoff & Sharnoff 2001, pp. 709–710. Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08249-4.

bastabalkana.com

Redzic, Barudanovic & Pilipovic 2010, p. 182. Redzic, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Pilipovic, Sasa (Winter 2010). "Wild Mushrooms and Lichens used as Human Food for Survival in War Conditions; Podrinje - Zepa Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Balkan)" (PDF). Human Ecology Review. 17 (2): 175–187. JSTOR 24707664.
Redzic, Barudanovic & Pilipovic 2010, p. 180. Redzic, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Pilipovic, Sasa (Winter 2010). "Wild Mushrooms and Lichens used as Human Food for Survival in War Conditions; Podrinje - Zepa Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Balkan)" (PDF). Human Ecology Review. 17 (2): 175–187. JSTOR 24707664.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Adanson 1763, p. 616. Adanson, Michel (1763). Familles des Plantes. Vol. v. 1-2. Paris: Chez Vincent.

books.google.com

Brodo, Irwin M.; Sylvia Duran Sharnoff; Stephen Sharnoff; Canadian Museum of Nature (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 9780300082494. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
Batty, Lesley C.; Hallberg, Kevin B., eds. (2010). Ecology of Industrial Pollution. Ecological Reviews. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780521514460. Retrieved 4 December 2012. Usnea spp., at one time widespread and luxuriant, almost entirely disappeared from a major area of England and Wales covering at least 68 000 km² and at least 6 000 km² of lowland Scotland, mainly as a result of the increase in atmospheric pollution.
Bolton 1991, p. 27. Bolton, Eileen M. (1991). Lichens for Vegetable Dyeing (2 ed.). McMinnville, Oregon: Robin & Russ Handweavers. ISBN 978-1-56659-001-3.
Casselman 2001, pp. 33, 36. Casselman, Karen Diadick (2001). Lichen Dyes: The New Source Book. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-41231-3.
Ash, Michael; Irene Ash (2004). "Lichen (Usnea barbata) extract". Handbook of Preservatives. Synapse Info Resources. p. 437. ISBN 9781890595661. Retrieved 6 December 2012.

doi.org

Wirtz et al. 2006. Wirtz, Nora; Printzen, Christian; Sancho, Leopoldo G.; Lumbsch, Thorsten H. (1 May 2006). "The phylogeny and classification of Neuropogon and Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited". Taxon. 55 (2): 367–376. doi:10.2307/25065584. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 25065584.
Articus 2004, p. 932. Articus, Kristina (November 2004). "Neuropogon and the phylogeny of Usnea s.l. (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes)" (PDF). Taxon. 53 (4): 925–934. doi:10.2307/4135560. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 4135560.
Wijayawardene et al. 2022, p. 151. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & Schmidt 2020, p. 319. Kaasalainen, Ulla; Rikkinen, Jouko; Schmidt, Alexander R. (July 2020). "Fossil Usnea and similar fruticose lichens from Palaeogene amber". The Lichenologist. 52 (4): 319–324. Bibcode:2020ThLic..52..319K. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000286. hdl:10138/318424. S2CID 225403038.
National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2022). NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Usnea lichens containing (+/−)-usnic acid (CASRN 125-46-2) administered in feed to F344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice (Report). 105. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program. doi:10.22427/NTP-TOX-105. PMC 9638892.
Fryday, Alan M.; Øvstedal, Dag O. (2012). "New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The Lichenologist. 44 (4): 483–500. Bibcode:2012ThLic..44..483F. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000163. S2CID 87490768.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Wijayawardene et al. 2022, p. 151. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & Schmidt 2020, p. 319. Kaasalainen, Ulla; Rikkinen, Jouko; Schmidt, Alexander R. (July 2020). "Fossil Usnea and similar fruticose lichens from Palaeogene amber". The Lichenologist. 52 (4): 319–324. Bibcode:2020ThLic..52..319K. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000286. hdl:10138/318424. S2CID 225403038.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & Schmidt 2020, p. 319. Kaasalainen, Ulla; Rikkinen, Jouko; Schmidt, Alexander R. (July 2020). "Fossil Usnea and similar fruticose lichens from Palaeogene amber". The Lichenologist. 52 (4): 319–324. Bibcode:2020ThLic..52..319K. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000286. hdl:10138/318424. S2CID 225403038.
Fryday, Alan M.; Øvstedal, Dag O. (2012). "New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The Lichenologist. 44 (4): 483–500. Bibcode:2012ThLic..44..483F. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000163. S2CID 87490768.

indexfungorum.org

Index Fungorum. "Usnea". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

jstor.org

Wirtz et al. 2006. Wirtz, Nora; Printzen, Christian; Sancho, Leopoldo G.; Lumbsch, Thorsten H. (1 May 2006). "The phylogeny and classification of Neuropogon and Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited". Taxon. 55 (2): 367–376. doi:10.2307/25065584. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 25065584.
Articus 2004, p. 932. Articus, Kristina (November 2004). "Neuropogon and the phylogeny of Usnea s.l. (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes)" (PDF). Taxon. 53 (4): 925–934. doi:10.2307/4135560. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 4135560.
Redzic, Barudanovic & Pilipovic 2010, p. 182. Redzic, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Pilipovic, Sasa (Winter 2010). "Wild Mushrooms and Lichens used as Human Food for Survival in War Conditions; Podrinje - Zepa Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Balkan)" (PDF). Human Ecology Review. 17 (2): 175–187. JSTOR 24707664.
Redzic, Barudanovic & Pilipovic 2010, p. 180. Redzic, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Pilipovic, Sasa (Winter 2010). "Wild Mushrooms and Lichens used as Human Food for Survival in War Conditions; Podrinje - Zepa Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Balkan)" (PDF). Human Ecology Review. 17 (2): 175–187. JSTOR 24707664.

lichens.net

"Usnea Lichens". www.lichens.net. Retrieved 2018-04-06.

medherb.com

"Lymphatic and antibiotic herbs".

nih.gov

ntp.niehs.nih.gov

"Testing Status: Usnea lichen 09063". Testing Status of Agents at NTP. National Toxicology Program. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2022). NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Usnea lichens containing (+/−)-usnic acid (CASRN 125-46-2) administered in feed to F344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice (Report). 105. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program. doi:10.22427/NTP-TOX-105. PMC 9638892.