References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Varangian runestones" in the English version

academia.edu

Thunberg 2010, p. 6. Thunberg, Carl L. (2010). Ingvarståget och dess monument (in Swedish). Stockholm: Göteborgs universitet, CLTS. ISBN 9789198185928.

Thunberg 2011, p. 56. Thunberg, Carl L. (2011). Särkland och dess källmaterial (in Swedish). Stockholm: Göteborgs universitet, CLTS. ISBN 9789198185935.

Jackson 2003, p. 37: "In the skaldic poetry of the tenth through the twelfth century, Old Rus is called only by its earliest Old Norse name Garðar. In the runic inscriptions of the eleventh century, the toponym Garðar is used nine times." Jackson, Tatjana (2003). "The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature". Middelalderforum (1–2). Oslo. Retrieved 2023-10-04.

Jackson 2003, p. 38: "... in the late tenth century the place-name Garðar was spread in Old Norse, while in the thirteenth century it was practically no longer used having been substituted by Garðaríki." Jackson, Tatjana (2003). "The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature". Middelalderforum (1–2). Oslo. Retrieved 2023-10-04.

Jackson 2003, p. 37: "According to Braun, the name Garðaríki was created by those Icelanders who wrote down sagas from the late twelfth century." Jackson, Tatjana (2003). "The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature". Middelalderforum (1–2). Oslo. Retrieved 2023-10-04.

Jackson 2003, p. 38: "...Garðr (singular) and Garðar (plural), the first being a shortening from Miklagarðr ‘Constantinople’, the second serving as a designation of Rus." Jackson, Tatjana (2003). "The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature". Middelalderforum (1–2). Oslo. Retrieved 2023-10-04.

books.google.com

Jones 1968, p. 267: "This was that Yngvar the Widefarer whose exploits in the east entered Norse legend - and Norse history inasmuch as twenty-five east Swedish memorial stones of the early mid-eleventh century tell of men who took the eastern road to Serkland and fell with Yngvar's host". Jones, Gwyn (1968). A History of the Vikings. New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192158826.

Pritsak 1981, p. 366: "In the older sources, such as the scaldic poetry and the King's sagas, the usual ON name for Rus’ (especially Novgorodian Rus’) was Garðar, the plural form of Garðr." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 368: "There are two equally likely possibilities for the reconstruction of Halfdan's place of death: [i karþ]um, “in Garðar” (Rus’), and [i krik]um “among Greeks,” i.e. in Byzantium." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 367: "... (Sö 338 and U 209) from the middle of the 11th century..." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "Þōrstæinn, then, was a commander (forungi) of a retinue (lið) in Rus’ (i garþum)" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 367: "Two stones with the name Garðar (Sö 338 and U 209) from the middle of the 11th century refer to the activity of a retinue commander Þōrstæinn, active in Rus’" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "Þōrstæinn must have spent a long time in Rus’ since he managed to accumulate a sizable fortune there (as witnessed by his huge monument, Sö 338)" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "It is regrettable that we do not know how the son died; it is possible that he had been in Rus' together with his father." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Harrison & Svensson 2007, p. 35. Harrison, Dick; Svensson, Kristina (2007). Vikingaliv (in Swedish). Oxford, Philadelphia: Natur och Kultur. ISBN 9789127357259.

Pritsak 1981, p. 366: "In the Swedish inscriptions Garðar “Rus’” always appears in the plural dative form (karþum), usually preceded by the preposition i, “in” and by the word explaining the direction: austr, east" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 371: "Only one Swedish inscription (from about 1020-1060) has the singular form Garðr (U 636) which probably was used for Kiev" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 370: "The place of Spjallbuðis’ death, specified in the inscription as i olafs kriki has been the subject of scholarly speculation" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 370: "Richard Dybeck (1857) explained kriki as Grikk- “Greece,” while Sophus Bugge (1891) read the word as grið, “retinue,”" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 370: "... Adolf Noreen (1904) connected it with ON krikr “hook,” “bend,” “corner,”" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 370: "Otto von Friesen first propounded the reading i olafs kirki, “in [St.] Ólafr's church,” in 1907, and this has since been accepted." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 371. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 358: "... “he met his end in the east during the thing” (or: “in the retinue,” Sö 33). Unfortunately we do not know in which “east” the given thing (þing assembly)(cf. OR сънемъ) took place or what its character was." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 366: "This inscription preserves an interesting term for the designation of the commander of the retinue (guard = pъlkъ): folks grimmR “prince of the people” (“people” meaning company or retinue)." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 366. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 367: "The entire inscription from Hagstuga (Sö 130) is composed in fornyrðislag meter and is in honor of a drængR active in Rus’ in the first half of the eleventh century". Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 366: "The stones Sö 148 and G 114 are also old (surely before 1050)" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Jones 1968, p. 267: "A stone from Estaberg, Södermanland, records of Sigvid: ‘He fell in Holmgard (Novgorod), the ship’s captain with his crew’;" Jones, Gwyn (1968). A History of the Vikings. New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192158826.

Pritsak 1981, p. 369: "The Södermanlander Sigviðr from Esta, captain of a skæið, “longship,” probably died in the service of the Novgorodian prince (before 1050)." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 369: "The following is in fornyrðislag meter: He fell in Hōlmgarðr (Novgorod), the ship's captain with [his] crew." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

MacLeod 2002, p. 135. MacLeod, Mindy (2002). Bind-Runes: an Investigation of Ligatures in Runic Epigraphy. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet: Institutionen för Nordiska Språk. ISBN 9150615343.

MacLeod 2002, p. 135: "Of the 46 inscriptions signed by Uppland's most prolific rune-carver, Œpir, only three evidence binds. Interestingly enough, the same bind-rune of a^s is found twice in his work (U 485: ‘inkifa^st’; Sö 338: ‘hua^str’)..." MacLeod, Mindy (2002). Bind-Runes: an Investigation of Ligatures in Runic Epigraphy. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet: Institutionen för Nordiska Språk. ISBN 9150615343.

Jones 1968, p. 267: "The memorial can be full and verse-adorned, like this to Thorstein at Turinge, Södermanland..." Jones, Gwyn (1968). A History of the Vikings. New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192158826.

Pritsak 1981, p. 367: "Two stones with the name Garðar (Sö 338 and U 209) from the middle of the 11th century..." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 367: "The same Þōrstæinn bought an estate in Uppland for fis son Ærinmundr. Ærinmundr died and his father erected a memorial for him in Veda" Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "Þōrstæinn must have spent a long time in Rus’ since he managed to accumulate a sizable fortune there (as witnessed by his huge monument, Sö 338)." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "He must also have been the one who bought the estate of Veda in Uppland (Angarns sn, Vallentuna hd) that he later gave to his son." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 396: "Certain characteristics of the Old Swedish language (e.g. biorn) used in this inscription assign it to sometime around the middle of the eleventh century, probably just after 1050 (cf. R 79). Þōrstæinn must therefore have been the commander of Jaroslav's retinue and died in the early fifties of the eleventh century." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 443: "In one of the eleventh-century stones discovered in 1938 in the church ruins at Stora Rytten (Västmanland) (but which does not mention Ingvarr), the word karusm appears, a term hitherto unknown in the runic inscriptions (Vs 1-2)..." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 443: "This theory was criticized by the eminent Swedish archaeologist Ture J. Arne, who declared that a Viking cheftain would have been incapable making the journey to Khwārizm, south of the estuary of the Amu Darya at the Aral Sea as late as about 1040. Such an enterprise would have been possible only during the time of Ibn Fadlān’s expedition of 922." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 443. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, pp. 443–445. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 450. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 451: "Contrary to a statement by T. J. Arne, it was only during the years 1035-1041 that a Varangian could have sailed to Khwārizm." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Meijer 2007, p. 86: "A special case is Stora Ryttern (Vs 1), where the sponsor's name is preceded and followed by a cross: + kuþlefʀ + . As is to be expected, this name is the first word of the inscription. It is tempting to think that this sponsor proudly drew attention to himself in this way." Meijer, Jan (2007). "Punctuation Marks on Viking Age Rune Stones". In Langbroek, Erika; Quak, Arend; Roeleveld, Annelies; Vermeyden, Paula (eds.). Amsterdamer Beiträge Zur älteren Germanistik (in German and English). Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi. ISBN 9789042022560.

Pritsak 1981, p. 353. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 344. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 346. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 345. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 373. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, pp. 344, 345, 373. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 326: "The expedition succeeded in penetrating far into this cataract, but in struggling over the first level - the so-called Rvanyj Kamin’ (Rufstain) - one of the members of the expedition, Rafn, lost his life. South of the Rvanyj Kamin’ the “brothers” erected a gravemarker for this man, and upon their return home they had a memorial stone erected in their Gotland fatherland in his memory." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 371: "The stone of Alstad in Opland fylke has two inscriptions placed there at different times by members of the same clan." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 371: "Bjørn Hougen established that the first inscription (NYR 61) was made about 1000-1030..." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "... according to Magnus Olsen the second inscription (NYR 62) was made in the sixties of the eleventh century." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "Kleiber connects viti with the name Vitičev (xolm), for which there is no Slavic etymology, and identifies the first Vitaholm with Vitičev xolm." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "In his opinion, the Scandinavian term viti was adapted in Slavic in a suffixed form as *vitiča." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "As to the second Vitaholm, Kleiber suggests that the first part of the name has to be read as usta, a genitive of *usti which is the supposed Old Norse rendition of the Slavic name Ustia (or Zarub) located on a hill at the mouth of the river Trubež, where a major ford over the Dnieper was situated." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "Kleiber interprets Garðar, the well-known Old Norse designation for Rus', as Kiev (probably a short form of Kœnugarðar)." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Pritsak 1981, p. 372: "Due to this proposition the second inscription can be now fully understood: Þóraldr found death in Vitičev, located between Ustja (Zarub) and Kiev." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

Jesch 2001, p. 90: "The secondary inscription on the Alstad stone (N 62) records the death of a man i uitahol(m)(i) ‘in Vitaholmr’, on his way to Russia (see also below). It has been conjectured that this otherwise unidentified place-name has some connection with the Witland, on the east side of the mouth of the River Vistula (NlyR I, 155-7), that is mentioned by Wulfstan in the late ninth century (Lund 1984, 23)." Jesch, Judith (2001). Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse. Woodbrige: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0851158269.

Jesch 2001, p. 90: "There may or may not be some connection between this and the place called Vindau, on the coast of Kúrland, directly opostite Gotland (SR XI, 271), which is probably mentioned in G 135, in which it is said of the commemorated that he --rþ tauþr a ui(t)au ‘died in Vindau’." Jesch, Judith (2001). Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse. Woodbrige: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0851158269.

Pritsak 1981, p. 373: "Kleiber Suggests that Engli may have been a member of Eymundr’s force in Rus’ in the first half of the eleventh century, and was fortunate enough to return home." Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.

kulturarvsdata.se

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Brøðr vaʀu þæiʀ bæztra manna, a landi ok i liði uti, heldu sina huskarla ve[l]. Hann fioll i orrustu austr i Garðum, liðs forungi, landmanna bæztr." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, English: "These brothers were the best of men in the land and abroad in the retinue, held their housecarls well. He fell in battle in the east in Garðar (Russia), commander of the retinue, the best of landholders." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 153. "U 153". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 153, section Inscription, Rune reading: "…[(u)](a)i- × [(a)]uk × ulf- litu × raisa × stai-(a) × e(f)tiʀ × hlftan · auk · eftiʀ × kunar × bryþr × sina × þaiʀ · antaþus × aust… …(u)m" "U 153". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 153, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "[S]væi[nn] ok Ulf[ʀ] letu ræisa stæi[n]a æftiʀ Halfdan ok æftiʀ Gunnar, brøðr sina. Þæiʀ ændaðus aust[r] …" "U 153". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 153, section Inscription, English: "Sveinn and Ulfr had the stones raised in memory of Halfdan and in memory of Gunnarr, their brothers. They met their end in the east..." "U 153". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 154. "U 154". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 154, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[þ(o)]…r × lit × rai… … …fast · auk × at × (k)aiʀbiarn × bruþ- … …i(ʀ) · (t)o a(u)s… ×" "U 154". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 154, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "… let ræi[sa] … …fast ok at Gæiʀbiorn, brøð[r] … [þæ]iʀ dou aus[tr]." "U 154". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 154, section Inscription, English: "… had raised … …-fastr and in memory of Geirbjǫrn, (their) brothers … They died in the east." "U 154". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 209, section Inscription, Rune reading: "þurtsain × kiarþi| |if×tiʀ irinmunt × sun sin auk| |kaubti þinsa bu × auk × aflaþi × austr i karþum" "U 209". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 209, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Þorstæinn gærði æftiʀ Ærinmund, sun sinn, ok køypti þennsa by ok aflaði austr i Garðum." "U 209". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 209, Inscription, English: "Þorsteinn made (the stone) in memory of Erinmundr, his son, and bought this estate and earned (wealth) in the east in Garðar (Russia)." "U 209". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 283, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[× sibi × auk × irmuntr × auk × þoriʀ × litu × raisa × stain × iftiʀ × s(u)… … …-- (h)(a)n · to × austr × sun × kismuntaʀ]" "U 283". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 283, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Sibbi ok Ærnmundr ok Þoriʀ letu ræisa stæin æftiʀ … … … Hann do austr, sunn Gismundaʀ." "U 283". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 283, section Inscription, English: "Sibbi and Ernmundr and Þórir had the stone raised in memory of … He, Gísmundr's son, died in the east." "U 283". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 366, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[… uaʀ · tauþr × i austr·uih- …]" "U 366". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 366, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "… vaʀ dauðr i austrveg[i] …" "U 366". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 366, section Inscription, English: "… died on the eastern route …" "U 366". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 504, section Inscription, Rune reading: "+ kitil×fastr × risti × stin + þina × iftiʀ × askut × faþur + sin × saʀ × uas × uistr × uk × ustr + kuþ ialbi × as × salu" "U 504". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 504, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Kætilfastr ræisti stæin þenna æftiʀ Asgaut, faður sinn. Saʀ vas vestr ok austr. Guð hialpi hans salu." "U 504". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 504, section Inscription, English: "Ketilfastr raised this stone in memory of Ásgautr, his father. He was in the west and in the east. May God help his soul." "U 504". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 636. "U 636". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 636, section Inscription, Rune reading: "alui · lit · risa · stn · þtin · at · arfast · sun sin · hn · fur · ausʀ · i karþa" "U 636". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 636, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Alvi let ræisa stæin þenna at Arnfast, sun sinn. Hann for austr i Garða." "U 636". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 636, section Inscription, English: "Ǫlvé had this stone raised in memory of Arnfastr, his son. He travelled to the east to Garðar (Russia)." "U 636". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 687, section Inscription, Rune reading: "runa ' lit kiara ' mirki at ' sbialbuþa ' uk ' at ' suain ' uk ' at · antuit ' uk at ' raknaʀ ' suni ' sin ' uk ' ekla ' uk ' siri(þ) ' at ' sbialbuþa ' bonta sin an uaʀ ' tauþr ' i hulmkarþi ' i olafs · kriki ' ubiʀ · risti ' ru" "U 687". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 687, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Runa let gæra mærki at Spiallbuða ok at Svæin ok at Andvett ok at Ragnar, syni sina ok Hælga/Ægla/Ængla, ok Sigrið at Spiallbuða, bonda sinn. Hann vaʀ dauðr i Holmgarði i Olafs kirkiu. Øpiʀ risti runaʀ." "U 687". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 687, section Inscription, English: "Rúna had the landmark made in memory of Spjallboði and in memory of Sveinn and in memory of Andvéttr and in memory of Ragnarr, sons of her and Helgi/Egli/Engli; and Sigríðr in memory of Spjallboði, her husbandman. He died in Holmgarðr in Ólafr's church. Œpir carved the runes." "U 687". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 898, section Inscription, Rune reading: "ali ' uk ' iufurfast · litu ' gera ' merki ' iftiʀ iarl faþur sin ' uk ' at ' kisl ' uk ' at ' ikimunt han ' uaʀ ' trebin ' hustr ' sun ' iarls ybiʀ risti" "U 898". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 898, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Ali/Alli ok Iofurfast letu gæra mærki æftiʀ Iarl, faður sinn, ok at Gisl ok at Ingimund. Hann vaʀ drepinn austr, sunn Iarls. Øpiʀ risti." "U 898". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor U 898, section Inscription, English: "Áli/Alli and Jǫfurfast had the landmark made in memory of Jarl, their father, and in memory of Gísl and in memory of Ingimundr. He, Jarl's son, was killed in the east. Œpir carved." "U 898". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 33, section Inscription, Rune reading: "+ gnubha ~ liþ : raisa : stain : þinsa : hibtiʀ : kulaif : bruþur sin han : antaþis : austr : at þikum" "Sö 33". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 33, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Gnupa let ræisa stæin þennsa æftiʀ Guðlæif, broður sinn. Hann ændaðis austr at þingum." "Sö 33". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 33, section Inscription, English: "Gnúpa had this stone raised in memory of Gulleifr, his brother. He met his end in the east at the Assembly." "Sö 33". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 34, section Inscription, Rune reading: "styrlaugʀ · auk · hulmbʀ · staina · raistu · at · bryþr · sina · brau(t)u · nesta · þaiʀ · entaþus · i · austruiki · þurkil · auk sturbiarn þiaknaʀ · kuþiʀ" "Sö 34". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 34, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Styrlaugʀ ok Holmbʀ stæina ræistu at brøðr sina, brautu næsta. Þæiʀ ændaðus i austrvegi, Þorkell ok Styrbiorn, þiagnaʀ goðiʀ." "Sö 34". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 34, section Inscription, English: "Styrlaugr and Holmr raised the stones next to the path in memory of their brothers. They met their end on the eastern route, Þorkell and Styrbjǫrn, good Þegns." "Sö 34". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 92, section Inscription, Rune reading: "… · lit · raisa · st… … rysu · br(o)… · sin · ha… … austr · bali · …" "Sö 92". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 92, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "… let ræisa st[æin] … Rysiu(?), bro[ður] sinn. Ha[nn] … austr. Balli …" "Sö 92". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 92, section Inscription, English: "… had the stone raised … Rysja(?), his brother. He … east. Balli …" "Sö 92". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 121, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[sumuʀ : hauka : stan : sum iʀ : tuþ : austʀ · i : tuna : as(u)]" "Sö 121". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 121, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "<sumuʀ> haggva stæin, sum eʀ dauð austr i <tuna> <asu>." "Sö 121". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 121, section Inscription, English: "<sumuʀ> cut the stone, who died in the east in <tuna> …" "Sö 121". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 126, section Inscription, Rune reading: "hu(l)(m)(f)riþ · ilin--r · [þ]aʀ · litu · hakua · stain · eftiʀ eskil · faþur · sin · han · trauh · orustu · i · austru[i]hi aþaa · fulks·krimʀ · fala · orþi" "Sö 126". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 126, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Holmfriðr, <ilin--r>, þaʀ letu haggva stæin æftiʀ Æskel, faður sinn. Hann draug orrustu i austrvegi, aðan folksgrimʀ falla orði." "Sö 126". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 126, section Inscription, English: "Holmfríðr (and) <ilin--r>, they had the stone cut in memory of Áskell, their father. He engaged in battle on the eastern route, before the people's commander wrought his fall." "Sö 126". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§A fiuriʀ : kirþu : at : faþur : kuþan : tyrþ : trikela : at : tumara : miltan : urþa uk : mataʀ kuþan : þat · (u)-(h)---(u)--(u)(k)(þ)" "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§A Fiuriʀ gærðu at faður goðan dyrð drængila at Domara/domara, mildan orða ok mataʀ goðan, þat …" "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, English: "§A Four (sons) made the magnificence in memory of (their) good father, valiantly in memory of Dómari/the judge, gentle in speech and free with food … " "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§B h^a l^f kirþu <o>" "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§B Hann(?) fiall(?) [i(?)] Garðum(?) …" "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 130, section Inscription, English: "§B He(?) fell(?) in(?) Garðar(?) (Russia) … "Sö 130". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 148, section Inscription, Rune reading: "þiuþulfʀ : bui : þaiʀ : raisþu : stain þansi : at : farulf : faþur : sin : han uas antaþ austr i kaþ(u)(m)" "Sö 148". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 148, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Þiuðulfʀ, Boi, þæiʀ ræisþu stæin þannsi at Farulf, faður sinn. Hann vas ændaðr austr i Garðum." "Sö 148". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 148, section Inscription, English: "Þjóðulfr (and) Búi, they raised this stone in memory of Farulfr, their father. He met his end in the east in Garðar (Russia)." "Sö 148". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 171, section Inscription, Rune reading: "(i)nk(i)f(a)[s]tr · l[i](t) (h)(a)ku… st(a)…n · eftiʀ · sihuiþ · faþ-r · si[n · han · fial · i h]ul(m)[karþi · skaiþaʀ · uisi mi]þ · ski…ra" "Sö 171". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 171, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Ingifastr let haggv[a] stæ[i]n æftiʀ Sigvið, fað[u]r sinn. Hann fioll i Holmgarði, skæiðaʀ visi með ski[pa]ra." "Sö 171". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 171, section Inscription, English: "Ingifastr had the stone cut in memory of Sigviðr, his father. He fell in Holmgarðr, the ship's leader with the seamen." "Sö 171". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 216, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[(u)tar : auk : -… … …þis : a^ustr × …uk-ma]" "Sö 216". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 216, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Ottarr ok … … [ænda]ðis austr …" "Sö 216". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 216, section Inscription, English: "Óttarr and … met his end in the east …" "Sö 216". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 308, section Inscription, Rune reading: "hulmfastr ' roþelfr ' ---u ' [ri]sta ' run[a] ' a- … … (i)kifast ' suni : sina ['] -iʀ ua(ʀ)u · hua^str · i(n) · ybir risti" "Sö 308". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 308, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Holmfastr, Roðælfʀ, [let]u rista runaʀ a[t] … … Ingifast, syni sina, [þ]æiʀ vaʀu austr(?)/vestr. En Øpiʀ risti." "Sö 308". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 308, section Inscription, English: "Holmfastr (and) Hróðelfr had the runes carved in memory of … Ingifastr, their sons. They were in the east(?)/west. And Œpir carved." "Sö 308". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§A · ketil : auk + biorn + þaiʀ + raistu + stain + þin[a] + at + þourstain : faþur + sin + anuntr + at + bruþur + sin + auk : hu[skar]laʀ + hifiʀ + iafna + ketilau at + buanta sin · ¶ bruþr uaʀu þaʀ bistra mana : a : lanti auk : i liþi : uti : h(i)(l)(t)u sini huska(r)la : ui- + " "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§A Kætill ok Biorn þæiʀ ræistu stæin þenna at Þorstæin, faður sinn, Anundr at broður sinn ok huskarlaʀ æftiʀ(?) iafna, Kætiløy at boanda sinn. Brøðr vaʀu þæiʀ bæztra manna, a landi ok i liði uti, heldu sina huskarla ve[l]." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, English: "§A Ketill and Bjǫrn, they raised this stone in memory of Þorsteinn, their father; Ǫnundr in memory of his brother and the housecarls in memory of the just(?) (and) Ketiley in memory of her husbandman. These brothers were the best of men in the land and abroad in the retinue, held their housecarls well." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§B han + fial + i + urustu + austr + i + garþum + lis + furugi + lanmana + bestr" "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§B Hann fioll i orrustu austr i Garðum, liðs forungi, landmanna bæztr." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Sö 338, section Inscription, English: "§B He fell in battle in the east in Garðar (Russia), commander of the retinue, the best of landholders." "Sö 338". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs 1. "Vs 1". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs 1, section Inscription, Rune reading: "+ kuþlefʀ + seti : stff : auk : sena : þasi : uftiʀ slakua : sun : sia : etaþr : austr · i · karusm ·" "Vs 1". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs 1, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Guðlæifʀ satti staf ok stæina þasi æftiʀ Slagva, sun sinn, ændaðr austr i Garðum(?)/Chorezm(?)." "Vs 1". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs 1, section Inscription, English: "Guðleifr placed the staff and these stones in memory of Slagvi, his son, (who) met his end in the east in Garðar(?)/Chorezm(?)." "Vs 1". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs Fv1988;36. "Vs Fv1988;36". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs Fv1988;36, section Inscription, Rune reading: "taf : lit : risa : estn : þina : hitiʀ : kri(m)ut ~ uas : farin : sun : (u)iþfast-- : aust:arla ulfr : auk : uibiurn : -… kitilas : krþi : b-…(u) · (o) : s---" "Vs Fv1988;36". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs Fv1988;36, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Taf(?) let ræisa stæin þenna æftiʀ Grimmund. Vaʀ farinn, sunn Viðfast[aʀ], austarla. Ulfʀ ok Vibiorn … Kætilas(?)/Kætilhǫss(?) gærðu b[ryggi]u a …" "Vs Fv1988;36". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vs Fv1988;36, section Inscription, English: "Taf(?) had this stone raised in memory of Grímmundr. The son of Viðfastr travelled to the east. Ulfr and Vébjǫrn … Ketilas(?)/Ketilhǫss(?) made the bridge at …" "Vs Fv1988;36". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§A stikuʀ (') karþi kubl þ(a)^(u) aft auint sunu sin ' sa fial austr" "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§A Stiguʀ/Stygguʀ gærði kumbl þau aft Øyvind, sunu sinn. Sa fioll austr" "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, English: "§A Stigr/Styggr made these monuments in memory of Eyvindr, his son. He fell in the east" "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§B með Æivisli. Vikingʀ faði ok Grimulfʀ." "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§B miʀ aiuisli ' uikikʀ faþi auk| |krimulfʀ" "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 8, section Inscription, English: "§B with Eivísl. Víkingr coloured and Grímulfr." "Ög 8". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 30, section Inscription, Rune reading: ": siksten : let : rasti : stain : þe(n)… : eftiʀ : ikuar : sun : sin : han : uarþ : austr : tauþr :" "Ög 30". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 30, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Sigstæinn let ræisa stæin þenn[a] æftiʀ Ingvar, sun sinn. Hann varð austr dauðr." "Ög 30". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Ög 30, section Inscription, English: "Sigsteinn had this stone raised in memory of Ingvarr, his son. He died in the east." "Ög 30". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 135, section Inscription, Rune reading: "[brantr + risþi + stin + þinsi · eftiʀ nosmu × bruþur sin · saʀ uarþ þrebin × o tustitki]" "Vg 135". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 135, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Brandr ræisti stæin þennsi æftiʀ Asmund(?), broður sinn. Saʀ varð drepinn a austrvegi(?)." "Vg 135". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 135, section Inscription, English: "Brandr raised this stone in memory of Ásmundr(?), his brother; he was killed on the eastern route(?)." "Vg 135". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 184, section Inscription, Rune reading: ": kuli : rsþi : stin : þesi : eftiʀ : rþr : kunu : sinaʀ : esburn : ok : iula : treka : hrþa : kuþa : ian : þiʀ : urþu : tuþiʀ : i : lþi : ustr :" "Vg 184". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 184, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Gulli/Kolli ræisti stæin þennsi æftiʀ brøðr konu sinnaʀ, Æsbiorn ok Iula, drængia harða goða. En þæiʀ urðu dauðiʀ i liði austr." "Vg 184". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 184, section Inscription, English: "Gulli/Kolli raised this stone in memory of his wife's brothers Ásbjǫrn and Juli, very good valiant men. And they died in the east in the retinue." "Vg 184". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 197, section Inscription, Rune reading: "tuki · auk · þiʀ · bryþr · ristu · stin · þesi · eftiʀ : bryþr : sina · eʀ : uarþ · tu(þ)r uestr : en · anar : au(s)tr :" "Vg 197". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 197, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Toki ok þæiʀ brøðr ræistu stæin þennsi æftiʀ brøðr sina. Eʀ varð dauðr vestr, en annarr austr." "Vg 197". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Vg 197, section Inscription, English: "Tóki and his brothers raised this stone in memory of their brothers. One died in the west, another in the east." "Vg 197". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, Rune reading: "harþruþr + raisti + stain + þinsa + aiftiʀ + sun + sin + s(m)iþ + trak + kuþan + halfburin + bruþiʀ ans + sitr + kar¶þum ¶ brantr + rit - × iak þu raþa + khn" "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Hærþruðr ræisti stæin þennsa æftiʀ sun sinn Smið, dræng goðan. Halfborinn, broðiʀ hans, sitr Garðum. Brandr rett [i] hiogg, þy raða kann." "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, English: "Herþrúðr raised this stone in memory of her son Smiðr, a good valiant man. Halfborinn, his brother, sits in Garðar (Russia). Brandr cut rightly, therefore (one) can interpret (the runes)." "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, , Rune reading: "harþruþr + raisti + stain + þinsa + aiftiʀ + sun + sin + s(m)iþ + trak + kuþan + halfburin + bruþiʀ ans + sitr + kar¶þum ¶ brantr + rit - × iak þu raþa + khn" "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Hærþruðr ræisti stæin þennsa æftiʀ sun sinn Smið, dræng goðan. Halfborinn broðiʀ hans, sitr Garðum Brandr. Rett [i] hiogg, þy raða kann." "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor Öl 28, section Inscription, English: "Herþrúðr raised this stone in memory of her son Smiðr, a good valiant man. His halfbrother Brandr sits in Garðir. Cut rightly into, therefore (one) can interpret (the runes)." "Öl 28". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur :" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§A Syniʀ Liknhvata[ʀ] … [g]ærva mærki gott æftiʀ Æilikni, konu goða, moður" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, English: "§A The sons of Líknhvatr … the good landmark made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife, mother …" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ :" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§B … ok Gæiʀhvataʀ ok Liknviaʀ." "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, English: "§B and Geirhvatr and Líknvé." "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin :" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§C Guð o[k](?) … [naði]n(?) hænni ok gærvandum mærki … … eʀ mænn sen" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, English: "§C God … be gracious to her and those making the landmark … who men" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Rune reading: "§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)…" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "§D … i Garðum/Garde, eʀ vaʀ Vivi(?) meðr …" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 114, section Inscription, English: "§D … in Garðir/Garde, he was with Vivi(?) …" "G 114". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

Runor G 134, section Inscription, Rune reading: "roþuisl : auk : roþalf : þau : litu : raisa : staina : eftir : sy-… … þria : þina : eftir : roþfos : han : siku : blakumen : i : utfaru kuþ : hielbin : sial : roþfoaʀ kuþ : suiki : þa : aʀ : han : suiu :" "G 134". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 134, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Hroðvisl ok Hroðælfʀ þau letu ræisa stæina æftiʀ sy[ni sina] þria. Þenna æftiʀ Hroðfos. Hann sviku blakumenn i utfaru. Guð hialpin sial Hroðfosaʀ. Guð sviki þa, eʀ hann sviku." "G 134". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 134, section Inscription, English: "Hróðvísl and Hróðelfr, they had the stones raised in memory of (their) three sons. This (one) in memory of Hróðfúss. Wallachians betrayed him on a voyage. May God help Hróðfúss' soul. May God betray those who betrayed him." "G 134". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 220, section Inscription, Rune reading: "… …tkaiʀ : aʀ : to i : hulmka-… …iþ(i) : -…" "G 220". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 220, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "… [U]ddgæiʀ/[Bo]tgæiʀ. Eʀ do i Holmga[rði] … …" "G 220". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 220, section Inscription, English: "… Oddgeirr/Bótgeirr. He died in Holmgarðir …" "G 220". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 280, section Inscription, Rune reading: "biarfaa : statu : sis[o] stain ¶ hakbiarn : bruþr ¶ ruþuisl : austain : imuar ¶ is af[a] : st[ai]n[a] : stata : aft : raf[a] ¶ su[þ] furi : ru[f]staini : kuamu ¶ uit i aifur : uifil ¶ [ba]uþ [u^m]" "G 280". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 280, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Biartfann staddu þis[o](?) stæin Hægbiorn [ok] brøðr [hans] Roðvisl, Øystæinn, <-muar>, es hafa stæin[a] stadda aft Rafn suðr fyriʀ Ru[f]stæini. Kvamu vitt i Æifur. Vifill bauð …" "G 280". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor G 280, section Inscription, English: "Hegbjǫrn raised this stone glaring (and his) brothers Hróðvísl, Eysteinn, <-muar>, who have had stones raised in memory of Hrafn south of Rofstein. They came far and wide in Eifor. Vífill bade …" "G 280". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor DR 108, section Inscription, Rune reading: "tusti ⁑ risþi ⁑ stin ¶ þonsi ⁑ ift ⁑ tufa ⁑ is ¶ uarþ (:) tuþr : ustr : burþu¶r ⁑ sin ⁑ smiþr ⁑ osuiþaʀ" "DR 108". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor DR 108, section Inscription, Runic Swedish: "Tosti resþi sten þænsi æft Tofa, æs warþ døþr østr, broþur sin, smiþr Aswiþaʀ." "DR 108". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor DR 108, section Inscription, English: "Tosti, Ásviðr's smith, raised this stone in memory of Tófi, his brother, who died in the east." "DR 108". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor N 62. "N 62". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor N 62, section Inscription, Rune reading: "× ikli × reisti stein þana eftir × þoral(t) sun sin is uarþ tauþr × i uitahol(m)(i) miþli ustaulms auk karþa ×" "N 62". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor N 62, section Inscription, Old West Norse: "Engli reisti stein þenna eptir Þórald, son sinn, er varð dauðr í Vitaholmi, miðli Ustaholms ok Garða." "N 62". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Runor N 62, section Inscription, English: "Engli raised this stone in memory of Þóraldr, his son, who died in Vitaholmr - between Ustaholmr and Garðar (Russia)." "N 62". Runor (in Swedish and English). Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

raa.se

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Stenen anträffades liksom den föregående år 1930 i en källare under östra delen av grunden till den gamla mangårdsbyggnaden i Lissby, som skall ha rivits vid slutet av 1800-talet. [The stone, like the previous one, was found in 1930 in a basement under the eastern part of the foundation of the old manor building in Lissby, which must have been demolished at the end of the 19th century.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Liksom U 152 och U 154 har även denna runsten varit inbyggd i källarväggen med ristningen synlig. [Like U 152 and U 154, this rune stone has also been built into the basement wall with the carving visible.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Då källaren rasade samman, krossades stenen i en mängd större och mindre stycken. Fotstycket stod ännu kvar på sin plats; det största stycket var därjämte toppen. [When the basement collapsed, the stone was crushed into a number of larger and smaller pieces. The foot-piece still remained in its place; the largest piece was also the top.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Ett fragment av stenen hittades i åkern invid Lissby. [A fragment of the stone was found in the field near Lissby.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Sammanlagt ha icke mindre än o. 70 stycken av stenen hopplockats och sammanfogats. Stenen restes 1931 på gårdsplanen i Hagby. [In total, no less than about 70 pieces of the stone have been collected and joined together. The stone was erected in 1931 in the courtyard in Hagby.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Granit. Höjd 2,60 m., bredd 1,50 m. [Height 2.60 m., width 1.50 m.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 232: "Ristningen är nedtill svårt skadad, bitar av stenen fattas, och skärvor av ytan ha slagits av. Inskriftens början och slut äro därför fördärvade. [The carving is badly damaged at the bottom, pieces of the stone are missing, and fragments of the surface have been knocked off. The beginning and end of the inscription are therefore defaced.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "I inskriften talas om »stenar». Den andra stenen har sannolikt varit U 155, varav tyvärr endast fragment äro bevarade. [The inscription speaks of »stones». The other stone was probably U 155, of which unfortunately only fragments are preserved.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Slutet av inskriften kan förmodas ha varit: þaiʀ · antaþus × aust[r × i kriki]um (jfr U 136 och 140) eller möjligen þaiʀ · antaþus × aust[r × i karþ]um (jfr Sö 338 och D 2:116 Veda, Ångarns sn). [The end of the inscription can be assumed to have been: þaiʀ · antaþus × aust[r × i kriki]um (cf. U 136 and 140) or possibly þaiʀ · antaþus × aust[r × i karþ]um (cf. Sö 338 and D 2:116 Veda, Ångarns parish).]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Liksom U 151 och U 153 anträffades denna runsten år 1930 i en hoprasad källare under östra delen av grunden till den gamla mangårdsbyggnaden i Lissby. [Like U 151 and U 153, this rune stone was found in 1930 in a collapsed basement under the eastern part of the foundation of the old manor building in Lissby.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Denna runsten stod vid anträffandet ännu upprätt i den forna källarväggen, men var krossad och föll, då den togs fram, sönder i o. 50 större och mindre delar, som sedan måste sammanfogas. [This rune stone still stood upright when found in the former cellar wall, but was crushed and fell when it was taken out, broken into about 50 larger and smaller parts, which then had to be joined together.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Upptill på v. sidan saknades ett större stycke med inskrift, som icke har kunnat återfinnas. [At the top, on the left side, a larger piece with an inscription was missing, which could not be found.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Stenen lagades och restes 1931 i parken till Hagby, o. 40 m. bakom flygelbyggnaden. [In 1931, the stone was prepared and placed in the courtyard in Hagby, approx. 40 m. behind the wing building.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Mörk stenart. Höjd 1,23 m., bredd 0,80 m. [Dark rock. Height 1.23 m, width 0.80 m]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Wessén & Jansson 1943, p. 233: "Ristningsytan är på flera ställen svårt skadad. [The carving surface is badly damaged in several places.]" Wessén, Elias; Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1943). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). VI: Upplands Runinskrifter del 1. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. ISSN 0562-8016.

Jansson 1964, p. 6: "Stenarna kommo i dagen sommaren 1938 i samband med att Stora Rytterns kyrkoruin restaurerades. Vs 1 upptäcktes den 22 juni och Vs 2 ett par veckor senare. [The stones came to light in the summer of 1938 in connection with the restoration of Stora Ryttern's church ruins. Vs 1 was discovered on June 22 and Vs 2 a couple of weeks later.]" Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1964). "Sveriges Runinskrifter". Sveriges Runinskrifter (in Swedish). XIII: Västmanlands Runinskrifter. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien.

skaldic.org

Gade & Whaley 2009, p. 279: "Garðar or Garðaríki is Novgorod (Hólmgarðr) and its territory in north-west Russia." Gade, Kari Ellen; Whaley, Diana, eds. (2009). "Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Haraldsdrápa 17'". Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Turnhout: Brepols N.V. pp. 279–280. ISBN 978-2503518978.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Strid 1988, pp. 35–38. Strid, Jan Paul (1988). "Runfynd 1986" (PDF). Fornvännen. 83. Swedish National Heritage Board: 34–38. ISSN 1404-9430. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

Varangian runestones (English Wikipedia)