Varicose veins (English Wikipedia)

Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J (2016). BOPOD – Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 609. ISBN 9780323355216.

doi.org

Lumley E, Phillips P, Aber A, Buckley-Woods H, Jones GL, Michaels JA (April 2019). "Experiences of living with varicose veins: A systematic review of qualitative research" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28 (7–8): 1085–1099. doi:10.1111/jocn.14720. PMID 30461103.
Baram A, Rashid DF, Saqat BH (August 2022). "Non-randomized comparative study of three methods for great saphenous vein ablation associated with mini-phlebectomy; 48 months clinical and sonographic outcome". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 80: 104036. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104036. PMC 9283499. PMID 35846854.
Ng MY, Andrew T, Spector TD, Jeffery S (March 2005). "Linkage to the FOXC2 region of chromosome 16 for varicose veins in otherwise healthy, unselected sibling pairs". Journal of Medical Genetics. 42 (3): 235–239. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.024075. PMC 1736007. PMID 15744037.
Hobbs, J. T. (14 September 2005). "Varicose veins arising from the pelvis due to ovarian vein incompetence". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 59 (10): 1195–1203. doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00631.x. PMID 16178988.
Giannoukas AD, Dacie JE, Lumley JS (July 2000). "Recurrent varicose veins of both lower limbs due to bilateral ovarian vein incompetence". Annals of Vascular Surgery. 14 (4): 397–400. doi:10.1007/s100169910075. PMID 10943794.
Marsh P, Holdstock J, Harrison C, Smith C, Price BA, Whiteley MS (June 2009). "Pelvic vein reflux in female patients with varicose veins: comparison of incidence between a specialist private vein clinic and the vascular department of a National Health Service District General Hospital". Phlebology. 24 (3): 108–113. doi:10.1258/phleb.2008.008041. PMID 19470861.
Ostler AE, Holdstock JM, Harrison CC, Fernandez-Hart TJ, Whiteley MS (October 2014). "Primary avalvular varicose anomalies are a naturally occurring phenomenon that might be misdiagnosed as neovascular tissue in recurrent varicose veins". Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 2 (4): 390–396. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.05.003. PMID 26993544.
Whiteley MS (September 2014). "Part one: for the motion. Venous perforator surgery is proven and does reduce recurrences". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 48 (3): 239–242. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.06.044. PMID 25132056.
Rutherford EE, Kianifard B, Cook SJ, Holdstock JM, Whiteley MS (May 2001). "Incompetent perforating veins are associated with recurrent varicose veins". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 21 (5): 458–460. doi:10.1053/ejvs.2001.1347. PMID 11352523.
Blomgren L, Johansson G, Emanuelsson L, Dahlberg-Åkerman A, Thermaenius P, Bergqvist D (August 2011). "Late follow-up of a randomized trial of routine duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery". The British Journal of Surgery. 98 (8): 1112–1116. doi:10.1002/bjs.7579. PMID 21618499.
O'Flynn N, Vaughan M, Kelley K (June 2014). "Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: NICE guideline". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (623): 314–315. doi:10.3399/bjgp14X680329. PMC 4032011. PMID 24868066.
Eklöf B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Gloviczki P, Kistner RL, et al. (December 2004). "Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 40 (6): 1248–1252. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.09.027. PMID 15622385.
Kheirelseid EA, Crowe G, Sehgal R, Liakopoulos D, Bela H, Mulkern E, et al. (March 2018). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating long-term outcomes of endovenous management of lower extremity varicose veins". Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 6 (2): 256–270. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.10.012. PMID 29292115.
Hamann SA, Timmer-de Mik L, Fritschy WM, Kuiters GR, Nijsten TE, van den Bos RR (July 2019). "Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus direct and indirect radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins". The British Journal of Surgery. 106 (8): 998–1004. doi:10.1002/bjs.11187. PMC 6618092. PMID 31095724.
Whing J, Nandhra S, Nesbitt C, Stansby G (August 2021). "Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (8): CD005624. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005624.pub4. PMC 8407488. PMID 34378180.
Campbell B (August 2006). "Varicose veins and their management". BMJ. 333 (7562): 287–292. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7562.287. PMC 1526945. PMID 16888305.
Yamany A, Hamdy B (July 2016). "Effect of sequential pneumatic compression therapy on venous blood velocity, refilling time, pain and quality of life in women with varicose veins: a randomized control study". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (7): 1981–1987. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1981. PMC 4968489. PMID 27512247.
van Rij AM, Chai J, Hill GB, Christie RA (December 2004). "Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery". The British Journal of Surgery. 91 (12): 1582–1585. doi:10.1002/bjs.4701. PMID 15386324.
Munasinghe A, Smith C, Kianifard B, Price BA, Holdstock JM, Whiteley MS (July 2007). "Strip-track revascularization after stripping of the great saphenous vein". The British Journal of Surgery. 94 (7): 840–843. doi:10.1002/bjs.5598. PMID 17410557.
Hammarsten J, Pedersen P, Cederlund CG, Campanello M (August 1990). "Long saphenous vein saving surgery for varicose veins. A long-term follow-up". European Journal of Vascular Surgery. 4 (4): 361–364. doi:10.1016/S0950-821X(05)80867-9. PMID 2204548.
Bellmunt-Montoya S, Escribano JM, Pantoja Bustillos PE, Tello-Díaz C, Martinez-Zapata MJ (September 2021). "CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9): CD009648. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009648.pub4. PMC 8481765. PMID 34590305.
Schouten R, Mollen RM, Kuijpers HC (May 2006). "A comparison between cryosurgery and conventional stripping in varicose vein surgery: perioperative features and complications". Annals of Vascular Surgery. 20 (3): 306–311. doi:10.1007/s10016-006-9051-x. PMID 16779510.
de Ávila Oliveira R, Riera R, Vasconcelos V, Baptista-Silva JC (December 2021). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
de Ávila Oliveira, Ricardo; Riera, Rachel; Vasconcelos, Vladimir; Baptista-Silva, Jose Cc (2021-12-10). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
Thibault P (2007). "Sclerotherapy and Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy". In Bergan JJ (ed.). The Vein Book. pp. 189–199. doi:10.1016/B978-012369515-4/50023-5. ISBN 978-0-12-369515-4.
Scurr JR, Fisher RK, Wallace SB (2007). "Anaphylaxis Following Foam Sclerotherapy: A Life Threatening Complication of Non Invasive Treatment For Varicose Veins". EJVES Extra. 13 (6): 87–89. doi:10.1016/j.ejvsextra.2007.02.005.
Forlee, Martin V.; Grouden, Maria; Moore, Dermot J.; Shanik, Gregor (January 2006). "Stroke after varicose vein foam injection sclerotherapy". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 43 (1): 162–164. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.032. PMID 16414404. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
Malskat WS, Stokbroekx MA, van der Geld CW, Nijsten TE, van den Bos RR (March 2014). "Temperature profiles of 980- and 1,470-nm endovenous laser ablation, endovenous radiofrequency ablation and endovenous steam ablation". Lasers in Medical Science. 29 (2): 423–429. doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1449-4. PMID 24292197.
Elmore FA, Lackey D (2008). "Effectiveness of endovenous laser treatment in eliminating superficial venous reflux". Phlebology. 23 (1): 21–31. doi:10.1258/phleb.2007.007019. PMID 18361266.
Rautio TT, Perälä JM, Wiik HT, Juvonen TS, Haukipuro KA (June 2002). "Endovenous obliteration with radiofrequency-resistive heating for greater saphenous vein insufficiency: a feasibility study". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 13 (6): 569–575. doi:10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61649-2. PMID 12050296.
Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, Kabnick LS, Kistner RL, Pichot O, et al. (January 2005). "Prospective randomised study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure) versus ligation and vein stripping (EVOLVeS): two-year follow-up". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 29 (1): 67–73. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.09.019. PMID 15570274.
van den Bos RR, Malskat WS, De Maeseneer MG, de Roos KP, Groeneweg DA, Kockaert MA, et al. (August 2014). "Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus steam ablation (LAST trial) for great saphenous varicose veins". The British Journal of Surgery. 101 (9): 1077–1083. doi:10.1002/bjs.9580. PMID 24981585.
Woźniak W, Mlosek RK, Ciostek P (April 2015). "Assessment of the efficacy and safety of steam vein sclerosis as compared to classic surgery in lower extremity varicose vein management". Wideochirurgia I Inne Techniki Maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques. 10 (1): 15–24. doi:10.5114/wiitm.2015.48573. PMC 4414100. PMID 25960788.
Almeida, Jose I.; Raines, Jeffrey K. (2007). "Principles of Ambulatory Phlebectomy". The Vein Book. pp. 247–255. doi:10.1016/B978-012369515-4/50030-2. ISBN 978-0-12-369515-4.

dukehealth.org

Griesmann K (March 16, 2011). "Myth or Fact: Crossing Your Legs Causes Varicose Veins". Duke University Health System. Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved March 1, 2014.

gponline.com

Chandra A. "Clinical review of varicose veins: epidemiology, diagnosis and management". GPonline.

jvascsurg.org

Forlee, Martin V.; Grouden, Maria; Moore, Dermot J.; Shanik, Gregor (January 2006). "Stroke after varicose vein foam injection sclerotherapy". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 43 (1): 162–164. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.032. PMID 16414404. Retrieved 8 October 2024.

lecturio.com

"Chronic Venous Insufficiency". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

mayoclinic.org

"Varicose veins". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

medlineplus.gov

"Varicose Veins". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2019.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

"Varicose Vein Surgery Workup: Approach Considerations, Tests for Ruling Out Deep Venous Thrombosis As Cause, Tests for Demonstrating Reflux". emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 2022-04-12.

melbournevein.com.au

Yazdani N (2021). "Medical Adhesive Closure". Melbourne Varicose Veins.

merckmanuals.com

"Varicose Veins – Cardiovascular Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 20 January 2019.

msac.gov.au

Medical Services Advisory Committee, ELA for varicose veins. MSAC application 1113, Dept of Health and Ageing, Commonwealth of Australia, 2008.

nhs.uk

"Varicose veins". nhs.uk. 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2020-12-29.

nhsdirect.nhs.uk

"Varicose veins Introduction – Health encyclopaedia". NHS Direct. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2019.

nice.org.uk

NICE (July 23, 2013). "Varicose veins in the legs: The diagnosis and management of varicose veins. 1.2 Referral to a vascular service". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Retrieved August 25, 2014.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lumley E, Phillips P, Aber A, Buckley-Woods H, Jones GL, Michaels JA (April 2019). "Experiences of living with varicose veins: A systematic review of qualitative research" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28 (7–8): 1085–1099. doi:10.1111/jocn.14720. PMID 30461103.
Baram A, Rashid DF, Saqat BH (August 2022). "Non-randomized comparative study of three methods for great saphenous vein ablation associated with mini-phlebectomy; 48 months clinical and sonographic outcome". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 80: 104036. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104036. PMC 9283499. PMID 35846854.
Tisi PV (January 2011). "Varicose veins". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2011. PMC 3217733. PMID 21477400.
Ng MY, Andrew T, Spector TD, Jeffery S (March 2005). "Linkage to the FOXC2 region of chromosome 16 for varicose veins in otherwise healthy, unselected sibling pairs". Journal of Medical Genetics. 42 (3): 235–239. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.024075. PMC 1736007. PMID 15744037.
Hobbs, J. T. (14 September 2005). "Varicose veins arising from the pelvis due to ovarian vein incompetence". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 59 (10): 1195–1203. doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00631.x. PMID 16178988.
Giannoukas AD, Dacie JE, Lumley JS (July 2000). "Recurrent varicose veins of both lower limbs due to bilateral ovarian vein incompetence". Annals of Vascular Surgery. 14 (4): 397–400. doi:10.1007/s100169910075. PMID 10943794.
Marsh P, Holdstock J, Harrison C, Smith C, Price BA, Whiteley MS (June 2009). "Pelvic vein reflux in female patients with varicose veins: comparison of incidence between a specialist private vein clinic and the vascular department of a National Health Service District General Hospital". Phlebology. 24 (3): 108–113. doi:10.1258/phleb.2008.008041. PMID 19470861.
Ostler AE, Holdstock JM, Harrison CC, Fernandez-Hart TJ, Whiteley MS (October 2014). "Primary avalvular varicose anomalies are a naturally occurring phenomenon that might be misdiagnosed as neovascular tissue in recurrent varicose veins". Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 2 (4): 390–396. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.05.003. PMID 26993544.
Whiteley MS (September 2014). "Part one: for the motion. Venous perforator surgery is proven and does reduce recurrences". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 48 (3): 239–242. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.06.044. PMID 25132056.
Rutherford EE, Kianifard B, Cook SJ, Holdstock JM, Whiteley MS (May 2001). "Incompetent perforating veins are associated with recurrent varicose veins". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 21 (5): 458–460. doi:10.1053/ejvs.2001.1347. PMID 11352523.
Blomgren L, Johansson G, Emanuelsson L, Dahlberg-Åkerman A, Thermaenius P, Bergqvist D (August 2011). "Late follow-up of a randomized trial of routine duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery". The British Journal of Surgery. 98 (8): 1112–1116. doi:10.1002/bjs.7579. PMID 21618499.
O'Flynn N, Vaughan M, Kelley K (June 2014). "Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: NICE guideline". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (623): 314–315. doi:10.3399/bjgp14X680329. PMC 4032011. PMID 24868066.
Eklöf B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Gloviczki P, Kistner RL, et al. (December 2004). "Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 40 (6): 1248–1252. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.09.027. PMID 15622385.
Kheirelseid EA, Crowe G, Sehgal R, Liakopoulos D, Bela H, Mulkern E, et al. (March 2018). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating long-term outcomes of endovenous management of lower extremity varicose veins". Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 6 (2): 256–270. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.10.012. PMID 29292115.
Hamann SA, Timmer-de Mik L, Fritschy WM, Kuiters GR, Nijsten TE, van den Bos RR (July 2019). "Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus direct and indirect radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins". The British Journal of Surgery. 106 (8): 998–1004. doi:10.1002/bjs.11187. PMC 6618092. PMID 31095724.
Whing J, Nandhra S, Nesbitt C, Stansby G (August 2021). "Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (8): CD005624. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005624.pub4. PMC 8407488. PMID 34378180.
Campbell B (August 2006). "Varicose veins and their management". BMJ. 333 (7562): 287–292. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7562.287. PMC 1526945. PMID 16888305.
Yamany A, Hamdy B (July 2016). "Effect of sequential pneumatic compression therapy on venous blood velocity, refilling time, pain and quality of life in women with varicose veins: a randomized control study". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (7): 1981–1987. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1981. PMC 4968489. PMID 27512247.
van Rij AM, Chai J, Hill GB, Christie RA (December 2004). "Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery". The British Journal of Surgery. 91 (12): 1582–1585. doi:10.1002/bjs.4701. PMID 15386324.
Munasinghe A, Smith C, Kianifard B, Price BA, Holdstock JM, Whiteley MS (July 2007). "Strip-track revascularization after stripping of the great saphenous vein". The British Journal of Surgery. 94 (7): 840–843. doi:10.1002/bjs.5598. PMID 17410557.
Hammarsten J, Pedersen P, Cederlund CG, Campanello M (August 1990). "Long saphenous vein saving surgery for varicose veins. A long-term follow-up". European Journal of Vascular Surgery. 4 (4): 361–364. doi:10.1016/S0950-821X(05)80867-9. PMID 2204548.
Bellmunt-Montoya S, Escribano JM, Pantoja Bustillos PE, Tello-Díaz C, Martinez-Zapata MJ (September 2021). "CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9): CD009648. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009648.pub4. PMC 8481765. PMID 34590305.
Schouten R, Mollen RM, Kuijpers HC (May 2006). "A comparison between cryosurgery and conventional stripping in varicose vein surgery: perioperative features and complications". Annals of Vascular Surgery. 20 (3): 306–311. doi:10.1007/s10016-006-9051-x. PMID 16779510.
de Ávila Oliveira R, Riera R, Vasconcelos V, Baptista-Silva JC (December 2021). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
de Ávila Oliveira, Ricardo; Riera, Rachel; Vasconcelos, Vladimir; Baptista-Silva, Jose Cc (2021-12-10). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
Forlee, Martin V.; Grouden, Maria; Moore, Dermot J.; Shanik, Gregor (January 2006). "Stroke after varicose vein foam injection sclerotherapy". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 43 (1): 162–164. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.032. PMID 16414404. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
Malskat WS, Stokbroekx MA, van der Geld CW, Nijsten TE, van den Bos RR (March 2014). "Temperature profiles of 980- and 1,470-nm endovenous laser ablation, endovenous radiofrequency ablation and endovenous steam ablation". Lasers in Medical Science. 29 (2): 423–429. doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1449-4. PMID 24292197.
Elmore FA, Lackey D (2008). "Effectiveness of endovenous laser treatment in eliminating superficial venous reflux". Phlebology. 23 (1): 21–31. doi:10.1258/phleb.2007.007019. PMID 18361266.
Rautio TT, Perälä JM, Wiik HT, Juvonen TS, Haukipuro KA (June 2002). "Endovenous obliteration with radiofrequency-resistive heating for greater saphenous vein insufficiency: a feasibility study". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 13 (6): 569–575. doi:10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61649-2. PMID 12050296.
Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, Kabnick LS, Kistner RL, Pichot O, et al. (January 2005). "Prospective randomised study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure) versus ligation and vein stripping (EVOLVeS): two-year follow-up". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 29 (1): 67–73. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.09.019. PMID 15570274.
van den Bos RR, Malskat WS, De Maeseneer MG, de Roos KP, Groeneweg DA, Kockaert MA, et al. (August 2014). "Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus steam ablation (LAST trial) for great saphenous varicose veins". The British Journal of Surgery. 101 (9): 1077–1083. doi:10.1002/bjs.9580. PMID 24981585.
Woźniak W, Mlosek RK, Ciostek P (April 2015). "Assessment of the efficacy and safety of steam vein sclerosis as compared to classic surgery in lower extremity varicose vein management". Wideochirurgia I Inne Techniki Maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques. 10 (1): 15–24. doi:10.5114/wiitm.2015.48573. PMC 4414100. PMID 25960788.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Baram A, Rashid DF, Saqat BH (August 2022). "Non-randomized comparative study of three methods for great saphenous vein ablation associated with mini-phlebectomy; 48 months clinical and sonographic outcome". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 80: 104036. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104036. PMC 9283499. PMID 35846854.
Tisi PV (January 2011). "Varicose veins". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2011. PMC 3217733. PMID 21477400.
Ng MY, Andrew T, Spector TD, Jeffery S (March 2005). "Linkage to the FOXC2 region of chromosome 16 for varicose veins in otherwise healthy, unselected sibling pairs". Journal of Medical Genetics. 42 (3): 235–239. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.024075. PMC 1736007. PMID 15744037.
O'Flynn N, Vaughan M, Kelley K (June 2014). "Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: NICE guideline". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (623): 314–315. doi:10.3399/bjgp14X680329. PMC 4032011. PMID 24868066.
Hamann SA, Timmer-de Mik L, Fritschy WM, Kuiters GR, Nijsten TE, van den Bos RR (July 2019). "Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus direct and indirect radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins". The British Journal of Surgery. 106 (8): 998–1004. doi:10.1002/bjs.11187. PMC 6618092. PMID 31095724.
Whing J, Nandhra S, Nesbitt C, Stansby G (August 2021). "Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (8): CD005624. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005624.pub4. PMC 8407488. PMID 34378180.
Campbell B (August 2006). "Varicose veins and their management". BMJ. 333 (7562): 287–292. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7562.287. PMC 1526945. PMID 16888305.
Yamany A, Hamdy B (July 2016). "Effect of sequential pneumatic compression therapy on venous blood velocity, refilling time, pain and quality of life in women with varicose veins: a randomized control study". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (7): 1981–1987. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1981. PMC 4968489. PMID 27512247.
Bellmunt-Montoya S, Escribano JM, Pantoja Bustillos PE, Tello-Díaz C, Martinez-Zapata MJ (September 2021). "CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9): CD009648. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009648.pub4. PMC 8481765. PMID 34590305.
de Ávila Oliveira R, Riera R, Vasconcelos V, Baptista-Silva JC (December 2021). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
de Ávila Oliveira, Ricardo; Riera, Rachel; Vasconcelos, Vladimir; Baptista-Silva, Jose Cc (2021-12-10). "Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD001732. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001732.pub3. PMC 8660237. PMID 34883526.
Woźniak W, Mlosek RK, Ciostek P (April 2015). "Assessment of the efficacy and safety of steam vein sclerosis as compared to classic surgery in lower extremity varicose vein management". Wideochirurgia I Inne Techniki Maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques. 10 (1): 15–24. doi:10.5114/wiitm.2015.48573. PMC 4414100. PMID 25960788.

nhlbi.nih.gov

"Varicose Veins". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Retrieved 20 January 2019.

theveininstitute.com.au

Yassine Z (2021). "Medical Super Glue". The Vein Institute.

vascularnews.com

Publishing, BIBA (2007-02-13). "What is the best treatment for varicose veins?". Vascular News. Retrieved 2021-08-31.

vitalmarket.si

"Varicose Veins – How to Prevent Them in Time?" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 March 2017.

web.archive.org

"Varicose veins Introduction – Health encyclopaedia". NHS Direct. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
Griesmann K (March 16, 2011). "Myth or Fact: Crossing Your Legs Causes Varicose Veins". Duke University Health System. Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved March 1, 2014.

whiterose.ac.uk

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

Lumley E, Phillips P, Aber A, Buckley-Woods H, Jones GL, Michaels JA (April 2019). "Experiences of living with varicose veins: A systematic review of qualitative research" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28 (7–8): 1085–1099. doi:10.1111/jocn.14720. PMID 30461103.

womenshealth.gov

"Varicose veins and spider veins". womenshealth.gov. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Curri SB, Annoni F, Pabisch S, et al. (1989). Davy A, Stemmer R (eds.). Changes of cutaneous microcirculation from elasto-compression in chronic venous insufficiency. Phlébologie 89 : actes du 10e Congrès mondial, Union internationale de phlébologie, Strasbourg, 25-29 septembre 1989. Libbey Eurotext. pp. 852–854. ISBN 978-0-86196-216-7. OCLC 22812590.