Venom (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Venom" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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61nih.gov

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55doi.org

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16semanticscholar.org

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15worldcat.org

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10harvard.edu

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3web.archive.org

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3jstor.org

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2handle.net

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2nationalgeographic.com

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1science.org.au

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1ipb.pt

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1smithsonianmag.com

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1books.google.com

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1medscape.com

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1askabiologist.org.uk

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1adam.com

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1forbes.com

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1springer.com

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1lstmed.ac.uk

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1archive.org

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adam.com

eclinicalworks.adam.com

"Snake Bites". A. D. A. M. Inc. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2018.

archive.org

Conant, Roger (1975). A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of Eastern and Central North America (Second ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-19979-4. OCLC 1423604.

askabiologist.org.uk

Venomous Amphibians (Page 1) – Reptiles (Including Dinosaurs) and Amphibians – Ask a Biologist Q&A. Askabiologist.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.

books.google.com

Bonamonte, Domenico; Angelini, Gianni (2016). Aquatic Dermatology: Biotic, Chemical and Physical Agents. Springer International. pp. 54–56. ISBN 978-3-319-40615-2.

doi.org

Nelsen, D. R., Nisani, Z., Cooper, A. M., Fox, G. A., Gren, E. C., Corbit, A. G., & Hayes, W. K. (2014). "Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them". Biological Reviews, 89(2), 450–465. doi:10.1111/brv.12062. PMID: 24102715.
Kordiš, D.; Gubenšek, F. (2000). "Adaptive evolution of animal toxin multigene families". Gene. 261 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00490-x. PMID 11164036.
Harris, J. B. (September 2004). "Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 75 (suppl_3): iii40 – iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
Raffray, M.; Cohen, G. M. (1997). "Apoptosis and necrosis in toxicology: a continuum or distinct modes of cell death?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 75 (3): 153–177. doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00037-5. PMID 9504137.
Dutertre, Sébastien; Lewis, Richard J. (2006). "Toxin insights into nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Biochemical Pharmacology. 72 (6): 661–670. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.027. PMID 16716265.
Nicastro, G. (May 2003). "Solution structure of crotamine, a Na+ channel affecting toxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (9). Franzoni, L.; de Chiara, C.; Mancin, A. C.; Giglio, J. R.; Spisni, A.: 1969–1979. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03563.x. PMID 12709056. S2CID 20601072.
Griffin, P. R.; Aird, S. D. (1990). "A new small myotoxin from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis)". FEBS Letters. 274 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81325-I. PMID 2253781. S2CID 45019479.
Samejima, Y.; Aoki, Y.; Mebs, D. (1991). "Amino acid sequence of a myotoxin from venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)". Toxicon. 29 (4): 461–468. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90020-r. PMID 1862521.
Whittington, C. M.; Papenfuss, A. T.; Bansal, P.; et al. (June 2008). "Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes". Genome Research. 18 (6): 986–094. doi:10.1101/gr.7149808. PMC 2413166. PMID 18463304.
Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia; et al. (2016). "Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal" (PDF). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930. S2CID 21796492.
Peng, Xiaozhen; Dai, Zhipan; Lei, Qian; et al. (April 2017). "Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of black widow spiderling extract against HeLa cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 13 (6): 3267–3274. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4391. PMC 5450530. PMID 28587399.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1983). "Venom: Source of a Sex Pheromone in the Social Wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 9 (2): 259–266. Bibcode:1983JCEco...9..259P. doi:10.1007/bf00988043. PMID 24407344. S2CID 32612635.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1984). "Alarm response to venom by social wasps Polistes exclamans and P. fuscatus". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 10 (10): 1425–1433. doi:10.1007/BF00990313. PMID 24318343. S2CID 38398672.
Baracchi, David (January 2012). "From individual to collective immunity: The role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies". Journal of Insect Physiology. 58 (1): 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.007. hdl:2158/790328. PMID 22108024. S2CID 206185438.
Pinto, Antônio F. M.; Berger, Markus; Reck, José; Terra, Renata M. S.; Guimarães, Jorge A. (15 December 2010). "Lonomia obliqua venom: In vivo effects and molecular aspects associated with the hemorrhagic syndrome". Toxicon. 56 (7): 1103–1112. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.013. PMID 20114060.
Touchard, Axel; Aili, Samira; Fox, Eduardo; et al. (20 January 2016). "The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms". Toxins. 8 (1): 30. doi:10.3390/toxins8010030. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4728552. PMID 26805882.
Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. (2011). "Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 65 (12): 2319–2327. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y. S2CID 23234351.
Olivera, B. M.; Teichert, R. W. (2007). "Diversity of the neurotoxic Conus peptides: a model for concerted pharmacological discovery". Molecular Interventions. 7 (5): 251–260. doi:10.1124/mi.7.5.7. PMID 17932414.
Smith, William Leo; Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). "Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms". Journal of Heredity. 97 (3): 206–217. doi:10.1093/jhered/esj034. PMID 16740627.
Nowak, R. T.; Brodie, E. D. (1978). "Rib Penetration and Associated Antipredator Adaptations in the Salamander Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae)". Copeia. 1978 (3): 424–429. doi:10.2307/1443606. JSTOR 1443606.
Jared, Carlos; Mailho-Fontana, Pedro Luiz; Antoniazzi, Marta Maria; et al. (17 August 2015). "Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons". Current Biology. 25 (16): 2166–2170. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2166J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.061. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26255851. S2CID 13606620.
Hargreaves, Adam D.; Swain, Martin T.; Hegarty, Matthew J.; Logan, Darren W.; Mulley, John F. (30 July 2014). "Restriction and Recruitment—Gene Duplication and the Origin and Evolution of Snake Venom Toxins". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (8): 2088–2095. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu166. PMC 4231632. PMID 25079342.
Daltry, Jennifer C.; Wuester, Wolfgang; Thorpe, Roger S. (1996). "Diet and snake venom evolution". Nature. 379 (6565): 537–540. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..537D. doi:10.1038/379537a0. PMID 8596631. S2CID 4286612.
Cantrell, F. L. (2003). "Envenomation by the Mexican beaded lizard: a case report". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 41 (3): 241–244. doi:10.1081/CLT-120021105. PMID 12807305. S2CID 24722441.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). "A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus". PNAS. 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Fry, B. G.; Vidal, N.; Norman, J. A.; et al. (February 2006). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature. 439 (7076): 584–588. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..584F. doi:10.1038/nature04328. PMID 16292255. S2CID 4386245.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). "Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Moore, Richard S.; Rode, E. Johanna; Fry, Bryan G. (27 September 2013). "Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1678-9199-19-21. PMC 3852360. PMID 24074353.
Ligabue-Braun, R.; Verli, H.; Carlini, C. R. (2012). "Venomous mammals: a review". Toxicon. 59 (7–8): 680–695. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.012. PMID 22410495.
Wong, E. S.; Belov, K. (2012). "Venom evolution through gene duplications". Gene. 496 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.009. PMID 22285376.
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Fox, Eduardo G.P.; Xu, Meng; Wang, Lei; Chen, Li; Lu, Yong-Yue (May 2018). "Speedy milking of fresh venom from aculeate hymenopterans". Toxicon. 146: 120–123. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.050. PMID 29510162.
Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson (2021). "Venom Toxins of Fire Ants". In Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Calvete, Juan J. (eds.). Venom Genomics and Proteomics. Springer Netherlands. pp. 149–167. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6416-3_38. ISBN 9789400766495.
Calvete, Juan J. (December 2013). "Snake venomics: From the inventory of toxins to biology". Toxicon. 75: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.020. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 23578513.
Arbuckle, Kevin; Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Casewell, Nicholas R. (December 2017). "Coevolution takes the sting out of it: Evolutionary biology and mechanisms of toxin resistance in animals" (PDF). Toxicon. 140: 118–131. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.026. PMID 29111116. S2CID 11196041.
Dawkins, Richard; Krebs, John Richard; Maynard Smith, J.; Holliday, Robin (21 September 1979). "Arms races between and within species". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 489–511. Bibcode:1979RSPSB.205..489D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0081. PMID 42057. S2CID 9695900.
McCabe, Thomas M.; Mackessy, Stephen P. (2015). Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Malhotra, Anita (eds.). Evolution of Resistance to Toxins in Prey. Toxinology. Springer Netherlands. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6727-0_6-1. ISBN 978-94-007-6727-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Nuismer, Scott L.; Ridenhour, Benjamin J.; Oswald, Benjamin P. (2007). "Antagonistic Coevolution Mediated by Phenotypic Differences Between Quantitative Traits". Evolution. 61 (8): 1823–1834. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00158.x. PMID 17683426. S2CID 24103.
Holding, Matthew L.; Drabeck, Danielle H.; Jansa, Sharon A.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (1 November 2016). "Venom Resistance as a Model for Understanding the Molecular Basis of Complex Coevolutionary Adaptations". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 56 (5): 1032–1043. doi:10.1093/icb/icw082. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 27444525.
Calvete, Juan J. (1 March 2017). "Venomics: integrative venom proteomics and beyond". Biochemical Journal. 474 (5): 611–634. doi:10.1042/BCJ20160577. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 28219972.
Morgenstern, David; King, Glenn F. (1 March 2013). "The venom optimization hypothesis revisited". Toxicon. 63: 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.022. PMID 23266311.
Poran, Naomie S.; Coss, Richard G.; Benjamini, Eli (1 January 1987). "Resistance of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi) to the venom of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus Viridis Oreganus): A study of adaptive variation". Toxicon. 25 (7): 767–777. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(87)90127-9. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 3672545.
Coss, Richard G.; Poran, Naomie S.; Gusé, Kevin L.; Smith, David G. (1 January 1993). "Development of Antisnake Defenses in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi): II. Microevolutionary Effects of Relaxed Selection From Rattlesnakes". Behaviour. 124 (1–2): 137–162. doi:10.1163/156853993X00542. ISSN 0005-7959.
Holding, Matthew L.; Biardi, James E.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (27 April 2016). "Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1829): 20152841. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2841. PMC 4855376. PMID 27122552.
Weinstein, Scott A.; DeWitt, Clement F.; Smith, Leonard A. (December 1992). "Variability of Venom-Neutralizing Properties of Serum from Snakes of the Colubrid Genus Lampropeltis". Journal of Herpetology. 26 (4): 452. doi:10.2307/1565123. JSTOR 1565123. S2CID 53706054.
Heatwole, Harold; Poran, Naomie S. (15 February 1995). "Resistances of Sympatric and Allopatric Eels to Sea Snake Venoms". Copeia. 1995 (1): 136. doi:10.2307/1446808. JSTOR 1446808.
Heatwole, Harold; Powell, Judy (May 1998). "Resistance of eels (Gymnothorax) to the venom of sea kraits (Laticauda colubrina): a test of coevolution". Toxicon. 36 (4): 619–625. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00081-0. PMID 9643474.
Zimmerman, K. D.; Heatwole, Harold; Davies, H. I. (1 March 1992). "Survival times and resistance to sea snake (Aipysurus laevis) venom by five species of prey fish". Toxicon. 30 (3): 259–264. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90868-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1529461.
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A.; Wüest, Rafael O.; Pearman, Peter B.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Salamin, Nicolas (2 November 2012). "Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 212. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12..212L. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3532366. PMID 23122007.
Mebs, Dietrich (15 December 2009). "Chemical biology of the mutualistic relationships of sea anemones with fish and crustaceans". Toxicon. Cnidarian Toxins and Venoms. 54 (8): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.027. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 19268681.
da Silva, Karen Burke; Nedosyko, Anita (2016), Goffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy (eds.), "Sea Anemones and Anemonefish: A Match Made in Heaven", The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters, Springer International Publishing, pp. 425–438, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_27, ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (30 May 2014). "Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Mebs, D. (1 September 1994). "Anemonefish symbiosis: Vulnerability and resistance of fish to the toxin of the sea anemone". Toxicon. 32 (9): 1059–1068. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90390-5. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 7801342.
Lubbock, R.; Smith, David Cecil (13 February 1980). "Why are clownfishes not stung by sea anemones?". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 207 (1166): 35–61. Bibcode:1980RSPSB.207...35L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0013. S2CID 86114704.
Litsios, Glenn; Kostikova, Anna; Salamin, Nicolas (22 November 2014). "Host specialist clownfishes are environmental niche generalists". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1795): 20133220. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3220. PMC 4213602. PMID 25274370.

forbes.com

Mullin, Emily (29 November 2015). "Animal Venom Database Could Be Boon To Drug Development". Forbes. Retrieved 30 September 2018.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia; et al. (2016). "Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal" (PDF). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930. S2CID 21796492.
Baracchi, David (January 2012). "From individual to collective immunity: The role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies". Journal of Insect Physiology. 58 (1): 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.007. hdl:2158/790328. PMID 22108024. S2CID 206185438.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Post Downing, Jeanne (1983). "Venom: Source of a Sex Pheromone in the Social Wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 9 (2): 259–266. Bibcode:1983JCEco...9..259P. doi:10.1007/bf00988043. PMID 24407344. S2CID 32612635.
Jared, Carlos; Mailho-Fontana, Pedro Luiz; Antoniazzi, Marta Maria; et al. (17 August 2015). "Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons". Current Biology. 25 (16): 2166–2170. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2166J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.061. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26255851. S2CID 13606620.
Daltry, Jennifer C.; Wuester, Wolfgang; Thorpe, Roger S. (1996). "Diet and snake venom evolution". Nature. 379 (6565): 537–540. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..537D. doi:10.1038/379537a0. PMID 8596631. S2CID 4286612.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). "A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus". PNAS. 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Fry, B. G.; Vidal, N.; Norman, J. A.; et al. (February 2006). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature. 439 (7076): 584–588. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..584F. doi:10.1038/nature04328. PMID 16292255. S2CID 4386245.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). "Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Dawkins, Richard; Krebs, John Richard; Maynard Smith, J.; Holliday, Robin (21 September 1979). "Arms races between and within species". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 489–511. Bibcode:1979RSPSB.205..489D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0081. PMID 42057. S2CID 9695900.
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A.; Wüest, Rafael O.; Pearman, Peter B.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Salamin, Nicolas (2 November 2012). "Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 212. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12..212L. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3532366. PMID 23122007.
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (30 May 2014). "Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Lubbock, R.; Smith, David Cecil (13 February 1980). "Why are clownfishes not stung by sea anemones?". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 207 (1166): 35–61. Bibcode:1980RSPSB.207...35L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0013. S2CID 86114704.

ipb.pt

bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt

Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia; et al. (2016). "Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal" (PDF). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930. S2CID 21796492.

jstor.org

Nowak, R. T.; Brodie, E. D. (1978). "Rib Penetration and Associated Antipredator Adaptations in the Salamander Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae)". Copeia. 1978 (3): 424–429. doi:10.2307/1443606. JSTOR 1443606.
Weinstein, Scott A.; DeWitt, Clement F.; Smith, Leonard A. (December 1992). "Variability of Venom-Neutralizing Properties of Serum from Snakes of the Colubrid Genus Lampropeltis". Journal of Herpetology. 26 (4): 452. doi:10.2307/1565123. JSTOR 1565123. S2CID 53706054.
Heatwole, Harold; Poran, Naomie S. (15 February 1995). "Resistances of Sympatric and Allopatric Eels to Sea Snake Venoms". Copeia. 1995 (1): 136. doi:10.2307/1446808. JSTOR 1446808.

ku.edu

kuscholarworks.ku.edu

Fautin, Daphne G. (1991). "The anemonefish symbiosis: what is known and what is not". Symbiosis. 10: 23–46 – via University of Kansas.

lstmed.ac.uk

archive.lstmed.ac.uk

Arbuckle, Kevin; Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Casewell, Nicholas R. (December 2017). "Coevolution takes the sting out of it: Evolutionary biology and mechanisms of toxin resistance in animals" (PDF). Toxicon. 140: 118–131. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.026. PMID 29111116. S2CID 11196041.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Gallagher, Scott A. (2 August 2017). "Echinoderm Envenomation". EMedicine. Retrieved 12 October 2010.

nationalgeographic.com

Barry, Carolyn (17 April 2009). "All Octopuses Are Venomous, Study Says". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
Holland, Jennifer S. (February 2013). "The Bite That Heals". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chippaux, JP; Goyffon, M (2006). "[Venomous and poisonous animals--I. Overview]". Médecine Tropicale (in French). 66 (3): 215–20. ISSN 0025-682X. PMID 16924809.
Nelsen, D. R., Nisani, Z., Cooper, A. M., Fox, G. A., Gren, E. C., Corbit, A. G., & Hayes, W. K. (2014). "Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them". Biological Reviews, 89(2), 450–465. doi:10.1111/brv.12062. PMID: 24102715.
Kordiš, D.; Gubenšek, F. (2000). "Adaptive evolution of animal toxin multigene families". Gene. 261 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00490-x. PMID 11164036.
Harris, J. B. (September 2004). "Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 75 (suppl_3): iii40 – iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
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Dutertre, Sébastien; Lewis, Richard J. (2006). "Toxin insights into nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Biochemical Pharmacology. 72 (6): 661–670. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.027. PMID 16716265.
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