Video Graphics Array (English Wikipedia)

Petzold, Charles (July 1987). "Triple standard: three new video modes from IBM". PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
Fitzgerald, Michael (1990-10-22). "IBM mulls successor to VGA". Computerworld. Vol. XXIV, no. 43. IDG Enterprise. p. 4.
Eckert; Azinger (April 15, 1991). "Product Comparison - Super VGA Boards". InfoWorld. pp. 53–63.
Magazines, S. P. H. (April 2007). HWM. SPH Magazines.
Rosch, Winn (December 22, 1987). "IBM VGA Adapter Card: 256K Video RAM, 17 Display Modes". PC Magazine. p. 35.
Ponting, Bob (June 26, 1989). "High-Resolution Standard is Latest Step in DOS Graphics Evolution". InfoWorld. Vol. 11, no. 26. p. 48.
Brownstein, Mark (November 14, 1988). "NEC Forms Video Standards Group". InfoWorld. Vol. 10, no. 46. p. 3. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved May 27, 2016.

classiccomputers.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

IBM PS/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference Manual (PDF). pp. 13–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

Dr. Jon Peddie (12 March 2019). "Famous Graphics Chips: IBM's VGA. The VGA was the most popular graphics chip ever". Retrieved 2020-04-13. It is said about airplanes that the DC3 and 737 are the most popular planes ever built, and the 737, in particular, the best-selling airplane ever. The same could be said for the ubiquitous VGA, and its big brother the XGA. The VGA, which can still be found buried in today's modern GPUs and CPUs, set the foundation for a video standard, and an application programming standard.
Peddie, Jon (12 March 2019). "Famous Graphics Chips: IBM's VGA | IEEE Computer Society". IEEE Computer Society. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-12-27.

computerhope.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)?". Retrieved 2018-08-13.

cyotek.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Reading and writing 18-bit RGB VGA Palette (pal) files with C#". The Cyotek Blog. 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2023-03-27.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Thompson, Stephen (1988). "VGA ‒ Design choices for a new video subsystem". IBM Systems Journal. 27 (2). IBM: 185‒197. doi:10.1147/sj.272.0185.

envytools.readthedocs.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PCI BARs and other means of accessing the GPU — envytools git documentation". envytools.readthedocs.io. Retrieved 2024-07-29.

epanorama.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ePanorama.net - Circuits". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. 090425 epanorama.net

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VESA Display Monitor Timing Standard, 640 x 480 at 60 Hz (non-interlaced), "Industry standard" and "For Reference Only - Not VESA Standard". https://glenwing.github.io/docs/VESA-DMT-1.10.pdf page 10

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martin.hinner.info

Hinner, Martin. "VGA Timings". Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

"THE IBM PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 (TM) DISPLAY ADAPTER, THE IBM PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 DISPLAY ADAPTER 8514/A AND THE IBM PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 8514 MEMORY EXPANSION KIT". 1987-04-02. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

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"Javier Valcarce VGA timings page". Archived from the original on 2015-01-02.

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gona.mactar.hu

"Late PCI, early and middle AGP video chips DOS game compatibility test results". archive.ph.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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PS/2 Video Subsystem Technical Reference Manual 1992 http://www.mcamafia.de/pdf/ibm_hitrc10.pdf

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wiki.osdev.org

"Drawing In Protected Mode". OSDev Wiki. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
"Drawing In Protected Mode - OSDev Wiki". wiki.osdev.org. Retrieved 2020-12-20.

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"VGA/SVGA Video Programming--Color Registers". www.osdever.net. Retrieved 2023-03-27.

patents.google.com (Global: 1,154^th place; English: 606^th place)

US5574478A, Bril, Vlad & Pett, Boyd G., "VGA color system for personal computers", issued 1996-11-12

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Polsson, Ken. "Chronology of IBM Personal Computers". Archived from the original on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2015-01-28.

phatcode.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Abrash, Michael. "How 360×480 in 256 color mode works". Graphics Programming Black Book. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

stackexchange.com (Global: 4,114^th place; English: 3,027^th place)

retrocomputing.stackexchange.com

retrocomputing SE question: why-were-those-colors-chosen-to-be-the-default-palette-for-256-color-vga ?

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scs.stanford.edu

"VGA/SVGA Video Programming--Color Regsters". www.scs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

techspot.com (Global: 9,385^th place; English: 6,623^rd place)

"The History of the Modern Graphics Processor". techspot.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2018.

tinyvga.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"VGA Signal 640 x 480 @ 60 Hz Industry standard timing". www.tinyvga.com.
"VGA Signal timings". Archived from the original on 2016-06-20.

vogons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"VGA Palette Conversion \ VOGONS". www.vogons.org. Retrieved 2023-03-27.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Polsson, Ken. "Chronology of IBM Personal Computers". Archived from the original on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Peddie, Jon (12 March 2019). "Famous Graphics Chips: IBM's VGA | IEEE Computer Society". IEEE Computer Society. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
Hinner, Martin. "VGA Timings". Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
Abrash, Michael. "How 360×480 in 256 color mode works". Graphics Programming Black Book. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
"VGA Signal timings". Archived from the original on 2016-06-20.
"Javier Valcarce VGA timings page". Archived from the original on 2015-01-02.
"ePanorama.net - Circuits". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. 090425 epanorama.net
IBM PS/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference Manual (PDF). pp. 13–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"The History of the Modern Graphics Processor". techspot.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2018.

whicken.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hicken, Wendell (1995). Scorched Earth 1.5 - The Mother of All Games -. Wendell Hicken. p. 40.

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search.worldcat.org

Brownstein, Mark (November 14, 1988). "NEC Forms Video Standards Group". InfoWorld. Vol. 10, no. 46. p. 3. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved May 27, 2016.

Video Graphics Array (English Wikipedia)

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