Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Voluntary association" in English language version.
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The University was originally a scholastic Guild, whether of Masters or Students. Such Guilds sprang into existence, like other Guilds, without any express authorisation of King, Pope, Prince, or Prelate. They were spontaneous products of the instinct of association that swept over the towns of Europe in the course of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
We are not aware of any material differences between the law of Scotland and the law of England and Wales regarding unincorporated associations.