Walrus (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Walrus" in English language version.

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Carling M (1999). "Odobenus rosmarus walrus". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016.

alaska.gov

adfg.alaska.gov

Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) Saint Lawrence Island Harvest Sample Analyses, 2012–2014 and 2016

aleutianseast.org

"Izembek National Wildlife Report Sept 2015" (PDF). USFWS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2017.

aquaticmammalsjournal.org

Kastelein RA, Stevens S, Mosterd P (1990). "The sensitivity of the vibrissae of a Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Part 2: Masking" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 16 (2): 78–87. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Kastelein RA, Wiepkema PR, Slegtenhorst C (1989). "The use of molluscs to occupy Pacific walrusses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in human care" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 15 (1): 6–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2011.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. "Status of Marine Mammals of the North Atlantic: The Atlantic Walrus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.

archive.today

Carling M (1999). "Odobenus rosmarus walrus". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016.

arcticwwf.org

"Walrus Facts". World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

bbc.co.uk

"Walrus spotted in Wales, days after one seen off Ireland". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 20 March 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

bear.org

"North American Bear Center – Polar Bear Facts". North American Bear Center. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.

books.google.com

Allen JA (1880). History of North American pinnipeds, US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territorie. Arno Press Inc. (1974 reprint). ISBN 978-0-405-05702-1.
Hoelzel AR, ed. (2002). Marine mammal biology: an evolutionary approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-632-05232-5.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Wood G (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
Kastelein RA (26 February 2009). "Walrus Odobenus rosmarus". In Perrin WF, Wursig B, Thewissen JG (eds.). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. p. 1214. ISBN 978-0-08-091993-5.
Berta A, Sumich JL (1999). Marine mammals: evolutionary biology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Riedman M (1990). The pinnipeds : seals, sea lions, and walruses. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 281–282. ISBN 978-0520064973.
Marsden T, Murdoch J, eds. (2006). Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 72 (1st ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 277. ISBN 978-0080463414.
Evans PG, Raga JA, eds. (2001). Marine mammals: biology and conservation. London & New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-306-46573-4.
"Chapter 4.9.8.5: Other Pinnipeds". Alaska Groundfish Fisheries Final Programic Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. 21 December 2018 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Lowry LF, Frost KJ (1981). "Feeding and Trophic Relationships of Phocid Seals and walruses in the Eastern Bering Sea". In National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (ed.). The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography & Resources vol. 2. University of Washington Press. pp. 813–824.
Nordenskiöld AE (1882). The Voyage of the Vega Round Asia and Europe: With a Historical Review of Previous Journeys Along the North Coast of the Old World Collection Léo Pariseau. Translated by Leslie A. Macmillan and Company. p. 122.
Boas F (1901). "The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 15: 146.

boone-crockett.org

"B&C World's Record - Atlantic Walrus". Boone and Crockett Club. 29 October 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft WC (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

canadiangeographic.ca

"Walrus facts". Canadian Geographic. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.

cascadiaresearch.org

Jefferson TA, Stacey PJ, Baird RW (1991). "A review of Killer Whale interactions with other marine mammals: Predation to co-existence" (PDF). Mammal Review. 21 (4): 151. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00291.x.

cbc.ca

Henderson, Jennifer (25 November 2015). "Sable Island horses, walruses to be discussed at meeting". cbc.ca. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

cde.news

"Photo Story: Rare visit by Walrus in Skane, Sweden". 12 June 2022.

cites.org

"Appendices". cites.org. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. "Atlantic Walrus: Northwest Atlantic Population". Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2007.

doi.org

Lowry, L. (2016). "Odobenus rosmarus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15106A45228501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15106A45228501.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Fay FH (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus". Mammalian Species (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810. JSTOR 3503810. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
Lento GM, Hickson RE, Chambers GK, Penny D (January 1995). "Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 12 (1): 28–52. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040189. PMID 7877495.
Arnason U, Gullberg A, Janke A, Kullberg M, Lehman N, Petrov EA, Väinölä R (November 2006). "Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (2): 345–54. Bibcode:2006MolPE..41..345A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.022. PMID 16815048.
Higdon JW, Bininda-Emonds OR, Beck RM, Ferguson SH (November 2007). "Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 216. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..216H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-216. PMC 2245807. PMID 17996107.
Kohno N (2006). "A new Miocene Odobenid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Hokkaido, Japan, and its implications for odobenid phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 411–421. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[411:ANMOMC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85679558.
Allen G (1930). "The Walrus in New England". Journal of Mammalogy. 11 (2): 139–145. doi:10.2307/1374062. JSTOR 1374062.
Magallanes I, Parham JF, Santos GP, Velez-Juarbe J (2018). "A new tuskless walrus from the Miocene of Orange County, California, with comments on the diversity and taxonomy of odobenids". PeerJ. 6: e5708. doi:10.7717/peerj.5708. PMC 6188011. PMID 30345169.
Fay FH (1982). "Ecology and Biology of the Pacific Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger". North American Fauna. 74: 1–279. doi:10.3996/nafa.74.0001.
Ray C, McCormick-Ray J, Berg P, Epstein HE (2006). "Pacific Walrus: Benthic bioturbator of Beringia". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 330 (1): 403–419. Bibcode:2006JEMBE.330..403R. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.043.
Fay FH (1960). "Carnivorous walrus and some arctic zoonoses" (PDF). Arctic. 13 (2): 111–122. doi:10.14430/arctic3691. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2010. Comment Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Nowicki SN, Stirling I, Sjare B (1997). "Duration of stereotypes underwater vocal displays by make Atlantic walruses in relation to aerobic dive limit". Marine Mammal Science. 13 (4): 566–575. Bibcode:1997MMamS..13..566N. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00084.x.
Sandell M (March 1990). "The evolution of seasonal delayed implantation". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 65 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1086/416583. PMID 2186428. S2CID 35615292.
Dyke AS (1999). "The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada". Arctic. 52 (2): 160–181. doi:10.14430/arctic920.
Estes JA, Gilbert JR (1978). "Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)". Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 35 (8): 1130–1140. doi:10.1139/f78-178.
Gilbert JR (1989). "Aerial census of Pacific walruses in the Chukchi Sea, 1985". Marine Mammal Science. 5 (1): 17–28. Bibcode:1989MMamS...5...17G. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00211.x.
Gilbert JR (1989). "Errata: Correction to the variance of products, estimates of Pacific walrus populations". Marine Mammal Science. 5: 411–412. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00356.x.
Speckman SG, Chernook VI, Burn DM, Udevitz MS, Kochnev AA, Vasilev A, Jay CV, Lisovsky A, Fischbach AS, Benter RB, et al. (2010). "Results and evaluation of a survey to estimate Pacific walrus population size, 2006". Marine Mammal Science. 27 (3): 514–553. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00419.x.
Born E, Andersen L, Gjertz I, Wiig Ø (2001). "A review of the genetic relationships of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) east and west of Greenland". Polar Biology. 24 (10): 713–718. Bibcode:2001PoBio..24..713E. doi:10.1007/s003000100277. S2CID 191312.
Keighley X, Pálsson S, Einarsson BF, Petersen A, Fernández-Coll M, Jordan P, et al. (December 2019). "Disappearance of Icelandic Walruses Coincided with Norse Settlement". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (12): 2656–2667. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz196. PMC 6878957. PMID 31513267.
Garde E, Jung-Madsen S, Ditlevsen S, Hansen RG, Zinglersen KB, Heide-Jørgensen MP (March 2018). "Diving behavior of the Atlantic walrus in high Arctic Greenland and Canada". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 500: 89–99. Bibcode:2018JEMBE.500...89G. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.12.009.
Schreer JF, Kovacs KM, O'Hara Hines RJ (2001). "Comparative diving patterns of pinnipeds and seabirds". Ecological Monographs. 71: 137–162. doi:10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0137:CDPOPA]2.0.CO;2.
Sheffield G, Fay FH, Feder H, Kelly BP (2001). "Laboratory digestion of prey and interpretation of walrus stomach contents". Marine Mammal Science. 17 (2): 310–330. Bibcode:2001MMamS..17..310S. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01273.x.
Levermann N, Galatius A, Ehlme G, Rysgaard S, Born EW (October 2003). "Feeding behaviour of free-ranging walruses with notes on apparent dextrality of flipper use". BMC Ecology. 3 (9): 9. doi:10.1186/1472-6785-3-9. PMC 270045. PMID 14572316.
Fay FH (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus" (PDF). Mammalian Species (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810. JSTOR 3503810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013.
Mallory ML, Woo K, Gaston A, Davies WE, Mineau P (2004). "Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) predation on adult thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at Coats Island, Nunavut, Canada". Polar Research. 23 (1): 111–114. Bibcode:2004PolRe..23..111M. doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2004.tb00133.x (inactive 2 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Calvert W, Stirling I (1990). "Interactions between Polar Bears and Overwintering Walruses in the Central Canadian High Arctic". Bears: Their Biology and Management. 8: 351–356. doi:10.2307/3872939. JSTOR 3872939. S2CID 134001816.
Jefferson TA, Stacey PJ, Baird RW (1991). "A review of Killer Whale interactions with other marine mammals: Predation to co-existence" (PDF). Mammal Review. 21 (4): 151. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00291.x.
Kryukova NV, Kruchenkova EP, Ivanov DI (2012). "Killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunting for walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) near Retkyn Spit, Chukotka". Biology Bulletin. 39 (9): 768–778. Bibcode:2012BioBu..39..768K. doi:10.1134/S106235901209004X. S2CID 16477223.
Bockstoce JR, Botkin DB (1982). "The Harvest of Pacific Walruses by the Pelagic Whaling Industry, 1848 to 1914". Arctic and Alpine Research. 14 (3): 183–188. doi:10.2307/1551150. JSTOR 1551150.
Eleanor EW, Freeman MM, Makus JC (1996). "Use and preference for Traditional Foods among Belcher Island Inuit". Arctic. 49 (3): 256–264. doi:10.14430/arctic1201. JSTOR 40512002. S2CID 53985170.
Witting L, Born EW (2005). "An assessment of Greenland walrus populations". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 62 (2): 266–284. Bibcode:2005ICJMS..62..266W. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.001.
Maccracken JG (August 2012). "Pacific Walrus and climate change: observations and predictions". Ecology and Evolution. 2 (8): 2072–90. Bibcode:2012EcoEv...2.2072M. doi:10.1002/ece3.317. PMC 3434008. PMID 22957206.
Bogoras W (1902). "The Folklore of Northeastern Asia, as Compared with That of Northwestern America". American Anthropologist. 4 (4): 577–683. doi:10.1525/aa.1902.4.4.02a00020.

euroweeklynews.com

Roscoe, Matthew (20 July 2022). "UPDATE: Walrus found on the shore in Hamina, Finland has died, causing some outrage". EuroWeekly News. Retrieved 20 July 2022.

fdlp.gov

purl.fdlp.gov

Fischbach AS, Kochnev AA, Garlich-Miller JL, Jay CV (2016). Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database, 1852–2016—Background Report. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

fws.gov

alaska.fws.gov

US Fish and Wildlife Service (2002). "Stock Assessment Report: Pacific Walrus – Alaska Stock" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
US Fish and Wildlife Service (2007). "Hunting and Use of Walrus by Alaska Natives" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2007.

fws.gov

US Fish and Wildlife Service (2014). "Stock Assessment Report: Pacific Walrus – Alaska Stock" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

google.com

Wozencraft WC (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Arnason U, Gullberg A, Janke A, Kullberg M, Lehman N, Petrov EA, Väinölä R (November 2006). "Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (2): 345–54. Bibcode:2006MolPE..41..345A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.022. PMID 16815048.
Higdon JW, Bininda-Emonds OR, Beck RM, Ferguson SH (November 2007). "Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 216. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..216H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-216. PMC 2245807. PMID 17996107.
Ray C, McCormick-Ray J, Berg P, Epstein HE (2006). "Pacific Walrus: Benthic bioturbator of Beringia". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 330 (1): 403–419. Bibcode:2006JEMBE.330..403R. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.043.
Nowicki SN, Stirling I, Sjare B (1997). "Duration of stereotypes underwater vocal displays by make Atlantic walruses in relation to aerobic dive limit". Marine Mammal Science. 13 (4): 566–575. Bibcode:1997MMamS..13..566N. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00084.x.
Gilbert JR (1989). "Aerial census of Pacific walruses in the Chukchi Sea, 1985". Marine Mammal Science. 5 (1): 17–28. Bibcode:1989MMamS...5...17G. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00211.x.
Born E, Andersen L, Gjertz I, Wiig Ø (2001). "A review of the genetic relationships of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) east and west of Greenland". Polar Biology. 24 (10): 713–718. Bibcode:2001PoBio..24..713E. doi:10.1007/s003000100277. S2CID 191312.
Garde E, Jung-Madsen S, Ditlevsen S, Hansen RG, Zinglersen KB, Heide-Jørgensen MP (March 2018). "Diving behavior of the Atlantic walrus in high Arctic Greenland and Canada". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 500: 89–99. Bibcode:2018JEMBE.500...89G. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.12.009.
Sheffield G, Fay FH, Feder H, Kelly BP (2001). "Laboratory digestion of prey and interpretation of walrus stomach contents". Marine Mammal Science. 17 (2): 310–330. Bibcode:2001MMamS..17..310S. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01273.x.
Mallory ML, Woo K, Gaston A, Davies WE, Mineau P (2004). "Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) predation on adult thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at Coats Island, Nunavut, Canada". Polar Research. 23 (1): 111–114. Bibcode:2004PolRe..23..111M. doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2004.tb00133.x (inactive 2 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Kryukova NV, Kruchenkova EP, Ivanov DI (2012). "Killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunting for walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) near Retkyn Spit, Chukotka". Biology Bulletin. 39 (9): 768–778. Bibcode:2012BioBu..39..768K. doi:10.1134/S106235901209004X. S2CID 16477223.
Witting L, Born EW (2005). "An assessment of Greenland walrus populations". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 62 (2): 266–284. Bibcode:2005ICJMS..62..266W. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.001.
Maccracken JG (August 2012). "Pacific Walrus and climate change: observations and predictions". Ecology and Evolution. 2 (8): 2072–90. Bibcode:2012EcoEv...2.2072M. doi:10.1002/ece3.317. PMC 3434008. PMID 22957206.

hww.ca

"Hinterland Who's Who – Atlantic walrus". Hww.ca. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

iberianature.com

"Etymology of mammal names". Iberianature.com. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

independent.ie

Kelleher L, Palenque BK (14 March 2021). "First ever sighting of a walrus in Ireland after it is thought to have drifted across Atlantic after falling asleep on iceberg". independent.ie. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

iucnredlist.org

Lowry, L. (2016). "Odobenus rosmarus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15106A45228501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15106A45228501.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

jstor.org

Fay FH (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus". Mammalian Species (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810. JSTOR 3503810. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
Allen G (1930). "The Walrus in New England". Journal of Mammalogy. 11 (2): 139–145. doi:10.2307/1374062. JSTOR 1374062.
Harington CR, Beard G (1992). "The Qualicum walrus: a Late Pleistocene walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) skeleton from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 28 (3/4): 311–319. JSTOR 23735455.
Fay FH (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus" (PDF). Mammalian Species (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810. JSTOR 3503810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013.
Calvert W, Stirling I (1990). "Interactions between Polar Bears and Overwintering Walruses in the Central Canadian High Arctic". Bears: Their Biology and Management. 8: 351–356. doi:10.2307/3872939. JSTOR 3872939. S2CID 134001816.
Bockstoce JR, Botkin DB (1982). "The Harvest of Pacific Walruses by the Pelagic Whaling Industry, 1848 to 1914". Arctic and Alpine Research. 14 (3): 183–188. doi:10.2307/1551150. JSTOR 1551150.
Eleanor EW, Freeman MM, Makus JC (1996). "Use and preference for Traditional Foods among Belcher Island Inuit". Arctic. 49 (3): 256–264. doi:10.14430/arctic1201. JSTOR 40512002. S2CID 53985170.

loc.gov

chroniclingamerica.loc.gov

Humanities, National Endowment for the (27 September 1871). "The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, September 27, 1871, Image 2". ISSN 2157-1392. Retrieved 27 November 2022.

mercurynews.com

Joling D (12 October 2017). "Group plans to sue over walrus protection". The Mercury News. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

nammco.no

Higdon JW, Stewart DB (2018). "State of Circumpolar Walrus Populations : Odobenus rosmarus" (PDF). WWF Arctic Programme. p. 6.
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. "Status of Marine Mammals of the North Atlantic: The Atlantic Walrus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.

nationalgeographic.com

animals.nationalgeographic.com

McIntyre T (11 November 2010). "Walrus. Odobenus rosmarus". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010.
"Narwhals, Narwhal Pictures, Narwhal Facts". National Geographic. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lento GM, Hickson RE, Chambers GK, Penny D (January 1995). "Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 12 (1): 28–52. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040189. PMID 7877495.
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