Web tracking (English Wikipedia)

"What is an Opt Out Cookie? - All about Cookies". www.allaboutcookies.org. 27 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-11-11. Retrieved 2019-11-11.

andreafortuna.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Andrea Fortuna (2017-11-06). "What is Canvas Fingerprinting and how the companies use it to track you online | So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish". Retrieved 2019-12-13.

arctic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"tracking without cookies". 17 February 2003.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

Goodin, Dan (2021-02-19). "New browser-tracking hack works even when you flush caches or go incognito". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2021-02-21.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Dimova, Yana; Acar, Gunes; Olejnik, Lukasz; Joosen, Wouter; Van Goethem, Tom (2021-02-23). "The CNAME of the Game: Large-scale Analysis of DNS-based Tracking Evasion". arXiv:2102.09301 [cs.CR].

ashkansoltani.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Soltani, Ashkan (11 August 2011). "Flash Cookies and Privacy II". askhansoltani.org. Retrieved 2023-06-27.

bigcommerce.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

BigCommerce (2019-12-12). "What is cross-device tracking?". BigCommerce. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

chromium.org (Global: 9,404^th place; English: 9,224^th place)

source.chromium.org

"Federated Learning Component". source.chromium.org. Retrieved 2023-02-27.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

D. Sundarasen, Sheela Devi (2019-04-08). "Institutional characteristics, signaling variables and IPO initial returns". PSU Research Review. 3 (1): 29–49. doi:10.1108/prr-10-2016-0003. ISSN 2399-1747.
Samarasinghe, Nayanamana; Mannan, Mohammad (2019-11-01). "Towards a global perspective on web tracking". Computers & Security. 87 101569. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2019.101569. S2CID 199582679.
Nielsen, Janne (2021-04-27). "Using mixed methods to study the historical use of web beacons in web tracking". International Journal of Digital Humanities. 2 (1–3): 65–88. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00033-4. ISSN 2524-7832. S2CID 233416836.
Kleinberg, Samantha; Mishra, Bud (2008). "PSST". Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 1143–1144. doi:10.1145/1367497.1367697. ISBN 9781605580852. S2CID 15179069.
Kobusińska, Anna; Pawluczuk, Kamil; Brzeziński, Jerzy (2018). "Big Data fingerprinting information analytics for sustainability". Future Generation Computer Systems. 86: 1321–1337. doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.12.061. S2CID 49646910.
Martin, Kirsten (2015-12-22). "Data aggregators, consumer data, and responsibility online: Who is tracking consumers online and should they stop?". The Information Society. 32 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107166. ISSN 0197-2243. S2CID 205509140.
Randall, Audrey; Snyder, Peter; Ukani, Alisha; Snoeren, Alex C.; Voelker, Geoffrey M.; Savage, Stefan; Schulman, Aaron (25 October 2022). "Measuring UID smuggling in the wild". Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 230–243. doi:10.1145/3517745.3561415. ISBN 9781450392594. S2CID 250494286.
Mayer, J. R.; Mitchell, J. C. (May 2012). "Third-Party Web Tracking: Policy and Technology". 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. pp. 413–427. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.388.5781. doi:10.1109/SP.2012.47. ISBN 978-1-4673-1244-8. S2CID 14652884. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Abdulaziz Saad Bubukayr, Maryam; Frikha, Mounir (2022). "Web Tracking Domain and Possible Privacy Defending Tools: A Literature Review". Journal of Cybersecurity. 4 (2): 79–94. doi:10.32604/jcs.2022.029020. ISSN 2579-0064.

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

Cyphers, Bennett (2021-03-03). "Google's FLoC Is a Terrible Idea". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2021-03-05.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Samarasinghe, Nayanamana; Mannan, Mohammad (2019-11-01). "Towards a global perspective on web tracking". Computers & Security. 87 101569. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2019.101569. S2CID 199582679.
Kobusińska, Anna; Pawluczuk, Kamil; Brzeziński, Jerzy (2018). "Big Data fingerprinting information analytics for sustainability". Future Generation Computer Systems. 86: 1321–1337. doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.12.061. S2CID 49646910.

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

"Firefox enables its anti-tracking feature by default". Engadget. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470^th place; English: 4,882^nd place)

Anthony, Sebastian (2011-08-04). "AOL, Spotify, GigaOm, Etsy, KISSmetrics sued over undeletable tracking cookies". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2023-06-27.

fullstory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"FullStory | Build a More Perfect Digital Experience | FullStory". www.fullstory.com. Retrieved 2021-04-05.

gcfglobal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

edu.gcfglobal.org

"Internet Safety: Understanding Browser Tracking". GCFGlobal.org. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

"Cookieless cookies". GitHub lucb1e. 2013-08-25. Retrieved 2023-06-27.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

computer.howstuffworks.com

"What is an IP address?". HowStuffWorks. 2001-01-12. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

interaction-design.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is Usability Testing?". The Interaction Design Foundation. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

ionos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What are first-party cookies?". IONOS Digitalguide. Retrieved 2022-01-13.

kahana.co (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kershner, Adam (2025-06-19). "Kahana - Enterprise Browser & Productivity Tools". kahana.co. Archived from the original on 2026-01-05. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
Kershner, Adam (2025-06-19). "Kahana - Enterprise Browser & Productivity Tools". kahana.co. Archived from the original on 2026-01-06. Retrieved 2026-01-06.

koofr.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is online tracking and how do websites track you?". Koofr blog. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188^th place; English: 2,076^th place)

developer.mozilla.org

"Redirect tracking protection - Privacy, permissions, and information security | MDN". developer.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2022-06-29.

mozilla.org

"Firefox 42.0 release notes".

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer (2019-04-13). "Tracking Phones, Google Is a Dragnet for the Police (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
"Our Favorite Ad Blockers and Browser Extensions to Protect Privacy". The New York Times. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
Chen, Brian X. (31 March 2021). "If You Care About Privacy, It's Time to Try a New Web Browser". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

privacy.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How cookies track you around the web & how to stop them". Privacy.net. 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

prospectvision.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Website visitor tracking going too far?". Prospectvision.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2012-08-03.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Mayer, J. R.; Mitchell, J. C. (May 2012). "Third-Party Web Tracking: Policy and Technology". 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. pp. 413–427. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.388.5781. doi:10.1109/SP.2012.47. ISBN 978-1-4673-1244-8. S2CID 14652884. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Loshin, David; Reifer, Abie (2013-01-01), "Chapter 4. Customer Lifetime and Value Analytics", in Loshin, David; Reifer, Abie (eds.), Using Information to Develop a Culture of Customer Centricity, Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 23–31, ISBN 9780124105430, retrieved 2019-11-11.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Samarasinghe, Nayanamana; Mannan, Mohammad (2019-11-01). "Towards a global perspective on web tracking". Computers & Security. 87 101569. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2019.101569. S2CID 199582679.
Nielsen, Janne (2021-04-27). "Using mixed methods to study the historical use of web beacons in web tracking". International Journal of Digital Humanities. 2 (1–3): 65–88. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00033-4. ISSN 2524-7832. S2CID 233416836.
Kleinberg, Samantha; Mishra, Bud (2008). "PSST". Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 1143–1144. doi:10.1145/1367497.1367697. ISBN 9781605580852. S2CID 15179069.
Kobusińska, Anna; Pawluczuk, Kamil; Brzeziński, Jerzy (2018). "Big Data fingerprinting information analytics for sustainability". Future Generation Computer Systems. 86: 1321–1337. doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.12.061. S2CID 49646910.
Martin, Kirsten (2015-12-22). "Data aggregators, consumer data, and responsibility online: Who is tracking consumers online and should they stop?". The Information Society. 32 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107166. ISSN 0197-2243. S2CID 205509140.
Randall, Audrey; Snyder, Peter; Ukani, Alisha; Snoeren, Alex C.; Voelker, Geoffrey M.; Savage, Stefan; Schulman, Aaron (25 October 2022). "Measuring UID smuggling in the wild". Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 230–243. doi:10.1145/3517745.3561415. ISBN 9781450392594. S2CID 250494286.
Mayer, J. R.; Mitchell, J. C. (May 2012). "Third-Party Web Tracking: Policy and Technology". 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. pp. 413–427. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.388.5781. doi:10.1109/SP.2012.47. ISBN 978-1-4673-1244-8. S2CID 14652884. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Nielsen, Janne (2021-04-27). "Using mixed methods to study the historical use of web beacons in web tracking". International Journal of Digital Humanities. 2 (1–3): 65–88. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00033-4. ISSN 2524-7832. S2CID 233416836.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Ayenson, Mika D.; Wambach, Dietrich James; Soltani, Ashkan; Good, Nathan; Hoofnagle, Chris Jay (29 July 2011). "Flash Cookies and Privacy II: Now with HTML5 and ETag Respawning". SSRN 1898390.

stape.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stape (2024-10-22). "Cross-Device Tracking: What Is It And How It Works?". Stape.io. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

surfshark.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chrome is the most data-hungry popular mobile browser". Surfshark. Archived from the original on 2026-01-05. Retrieved 2026-01-05.

techrepublic.com (Global: 6,206^th place; English: 4,460^th place)

Wallen, Jack (24 October 2018). "How to use Ublock Origin and Privacy Badger to prevent browser tracking in Firefox". TechRepublic. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

techxplore.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Patringenaru, Ioana. "New web tracking technique is bypassing privacy protections". University of California-San Diego via techxplore.com. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
Katz, Sarah. "Firefox 87 reveals SmartBlock for private browsing". techxplore.com. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

thehackreport.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Online Trackers Are Now Shifting To New Invasive CNAME Cloaking Technique". The Hack Report. 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-04-14.

trendmicro.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cookies - Definition - Trend Micro USA". www.trendmicro.com. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

usability.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Web Analytics Basics". www.usability.gov. 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

"Think you're anonymous online? A third of popular websites are 'fingerprinting' you". Washington Post.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Internet Safety: Understanding Browser Tracking". GCFGlobal.org. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer (2019-04-13). "Tracking Phones, Google Is a Dragnet for the Police (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
"Chrome is the most data-hungry popular mobile browser". Surfshark. Archived from the original on 2026-01-05. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
Kershner, Adam (2025-06-19). "Kahana - Enterprise Browser & Productivity Tools". kahana.co. Archived from the original on 2026-01-05. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
Kershner, Adam (2025-06-19). "Kahana - Enterprise Browser & Productivity Tools". kahana.co. Archived from the original on 2026-01-06. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
"Website visitor tracking going too far?". Prospectvision.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
"What is an Opt Out Cookie? - All about Cookies". www.allaboutcookies.org. 27 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-11-11. Retrieved 2019-11-11.

webopedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Beal, Vangie (22 January 2002). "What is Web Beacon? Webopedia Definition". www.webopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

winston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is the Definition of Online Privacy? | Winston & Strawn Legal Glossary". Winston & Strawn. Retrieved 2019-12-13.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

D. Sundarasen, Sheela Devi (2019-04-08). "Institutional characteristics, signaling variables and IPO initial returns". PSU Research Review. 3 (1): 29–49. doi:10.1108/prr-10-2016-0003. ISSN 2399-1747.
Nielsen, Janne (2021-04-27). "Using mixed methods to study the historical use of web beacons in web tracking". International Journal of Digital Humanities. 2 (1–3): 65–88. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00033-4. ISSN 2524-7832. S2CID 233416836.
Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer (2019-04-13). "Tracking Phones, Google Is a Dragnet for the Police (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
Martin, Kirsten (2015-12-22). "Data aggregators, consumer data, and responsibility online: Who is tracking consumers online and should they stop?". The Information Society. 32 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107166. ISSN 0197-2243. S2CID 205509140.
Abdulaziz Saad Bubukayr, Maryam; Frikha, Mounir (2022). "Web Tracking Domain and Possible Privacy Defending Tools: A Literature Review". Journal of Cybersecurity. 4 (2): 79–94. doi:10.32604/jcs.2022.029020. ISSN 2579-0064.

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)

"Mozilla unveils Total Cookie Protection for Firefox Focus on Android". ZDNET. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

Web tracking (English Wikipedia)

allaboutcookies.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

andreafortuna.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

arctic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473rd place; English: 338th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

ashkansoltani.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bigcommerce.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chromium.org (Global: 9,404th place; English: 9,224th place)

source.chromium.org

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eff.org (Global: 4,491st place; English: 3,102nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; English: 372nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

engadget.com (Global: 613th place; English: 442nd place)

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470th place; English: 4,882nd place)

fullstory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

gcfglobal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

edu.gcfglobal.org

github.com (Global: 380th place; English: 337th place)

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354th place; English: 958th place)

computer.howstuffworks.com

interaction-design.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ionos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kahana.co (Global: low place; English: low place)

koofr.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188th place; English: 2,076th place)

developer.mozilla.org

mozilla.org

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

privacy.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

prospectvision.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

ssrn.com (Global: 907th place; English: 529th place)

papers.ssrn.com

stape.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

surfshark.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

techrepublic.com (Global: 6,206th place; English: 4,460th place)

techxplore.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

thehackreport.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

trendmicro.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

usability.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

webopedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

winston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235th place; English: 855th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

chromium.org (Global: 9,404^th place; English: 9,224^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470^th place; English: 4,882^nd place)

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188^th place; English: 2,076^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

techrepublic.com (Global: 6,206^th place; English: 4,460^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)