Welsh people (English Wikipedia)

"Ashton-in-Makerfield U3A – About Ashton-in-Makerfield". Ashtoninmakerfieldanddistrictu3a.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.

bbc.co.uk

"BBC History – Ancient History in-depth:Native Tribes of Britain". BBC History. 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010. The Deceangli, the Ordovices and the Silures were the three main tribe groups who lived in the mountains of what is today called Wales. However, in prehistory Wales, England and Scotland did not exist in any way as distinctive entities in the ways they have done so for the last 1000 years.
"What happened after the fall of the Roman Empire?". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"The Flemish colonists in Wales: BBC website. Retrieved 17 August 2006". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Industrial Revolution". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 September 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Italian immigration". Wales History. BBC. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Powys, Betsan (22 May 2012). "Mugshots and making headlines". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
"MPs speak Welsh in parliamentary debate for first time". BBC News. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
"BBC – Hereford and Worcester – About Herefordshire – Herefordshire in Wales?". Bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
BBC website; Archived 2 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine recalled 13 November 2015
"Wales History: South America — Patagonia". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"John Hughes". /wales south east. BBC. 14 February 2009. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Census shows Welsh language rise". BBC News. 14 February 2003. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Census equality backed by Plaid". BBC News. 23 September 2000. Archived from the original on 24 November 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Census results 'defy tick-box row'". BBC News. 30 September 2002. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Apology over 'insults' to English". BBC News. 19 January 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"UK: Wales Plaid calls for second home controls". BBC News. 17 November 1999. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Plaid plan 'protects' rural areas". BBC News. 19 June 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Tiny US town's big Welsh heritage: BBC News, 20 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2006". BBC News. 20 July 2005. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

bbc.com

"Canolfan i 300,000 o Gymry" [Centre for 300,000 Welsh]. BBC (in Welsh). 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

books.google.com

Rhys, John; Brynmor Jones, David (1969). The Welsh People: Chapters On Their Origin, History, Laws, Language, Literature, And Characteristics (2019 ed.). Wentworth Press. ISBN 978-1-01-052046-7.
Lloyd, John Edward (1911). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest (Note to Chapter VI, the Name "Cymry"). Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Co. (published 1912). pp. 191–192.
Phillimore, Egerton (1891). "Note (a) to The Settlement of Brittany". In Phillimore, Egerton (ed.). Y Cymmrodor. Vol. XI. London: Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (published 1892). pp. 97–101.

cambridge.org

Knotter, Ad (December 2015). "Migration and Ethnicity in Coalfield History: Global Perspectives". International Review of Social History. 60 (S1): 13–39. doi:10.1017/S0020859015000413. ISSN 0020-8590.

careerswales.com

"Dewis Da – Why choose Welsh?". Careers Wales. Archived from the original on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2013.

census.gov

factfinder.census.gov

"2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

chesterchronicle.co.uk

Fuller, Mike (8 July 2016). "Bore da! Cheshire West revealed as most Welsh place in England". Chesterchronicle.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

doi.org

Olalde, I; et al. (May 2017). "The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe". bioRxiv 10.1101/135962.
Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016). "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nature Communications. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10326. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735653. PMID 26783717.
Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016). "Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history". Nature Communications. 7: 10408. doi:10.1038/ncomms10408. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735688. PMID 26783965.
Margaryan, Ashot; Lawson, Daniel J.; Sikora, Martin; Racimo, Fernando; Rasmussen, Simon; Moltke, Ida; Cassidy, Lara M.; Jørsboe, Emil; Ingason, Andrés; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Wilhelmson, Helene; Buś, Magdalena M.; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Martiniano, Rui (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32939067. (See supplemental note 11)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.
Knotter, Ad (December 2015). "Migration and Ethnicity in Coalfield History: Global Perspectives". International Review of Social History. 60 (S1): 13–39. doi:10.1017/S0020859015000413. ISSN 0020-8590.

ggat.org.uk

"Gower Historical Processes, Themes and Background". Ggat.org.uk. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

gov.wales

Webber, Richard. "The Welsh diaspora : Analysis of the geography of Welsh names" (PDF). Welsh Assembly. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
"2011 Census: First Results for Ethnicity, National Identity, and Religion for Wales" (PDF). Gov.wales. Retrieved 9 January 2018.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.

immi.gov.au

Australian Government – Department of Immigration and Border Protection. "Welsh Australians". Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.

lamp.ac.uk

"Nineteenth Century Arrivals in Australia: University of Wales, Lampeter website. Retrieved 3 August 2006". Lamp.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

laudatortemporisacti.blogspot.com

Gilleland, Michael (12 December 2007). "Laudator Temporis Acti: More on the Etymology of Walden". Laudator Temporis Acti website. Retrieved 29 October 2008.

ligtel.com

"Welsh History, The Welsh in North America, Utah". Ligtel.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

liverpoolecho.co.uk

Collinson, Dawn (28 February 2015). "St David's Day: why are Liverpool's Welsh links so strong?". Liverpoolecho.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

multiculturalcanada.ca

Welsh: Multicultural Canada. Retrieved 3 August 2006. Archived 26 June 2007 at archive.today

nationalarchives.gov.uk

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

"The Countries of the UK". statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016). "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nature Communications. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10326. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735653. PMID 26783717.
Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016). "Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history". Nature Communications. 7: 10408. doi:10.1038/ncomms10408. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735688. PMID 26783965.
Margaryan, Ashot; Lawson, Daniel J.; Sikora, Martin; Racimo, Fernando; Rasmussen, Simon; Moltke, Ida; Cassidy, Lara M.; Jørsboe, Emil; Ingason, Andrés; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Wilhelmson, Helene; Buś, Magdalena M.; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Martiniano, Rui (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32939067. (See supplemental note 11)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016). "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nature Communications. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10326. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735653. PMID 26783717.
Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016). "Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history". Nature Communications. 7: 10408. doi:10.1038/ncomms10408. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735688. PMID 26783965.
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.

ons.gov.uk

"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
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"The Countries of the UK". statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
"2011 Census questions – Wales" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011". Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

orthodoxchurch.co.uk

Wales, Father Luke Holden – Orthodox Christian Contact. "Orthodox Wales". Orthodoxchurch.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.

ox.ac.uk

crest.ox.ac.uk

"CREST Minority Nationalism published 2001, extracted 14 July 2010" (PDF). crest.ox.ac.uk. 2001. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

parliament.uk

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russianorthodoxchurchcardiff.com

"Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff". Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018.

scotland.gov.uk

"Scottish Parliament's Review of Census Ethnicity Classifications Consultation". June 2005. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

shropshirestar.com

"Watch: 43 years on – should Oswestry be in England or Wales?". Shropshirestar.com. 13 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

statcan.gc.ca

www12.statcan.gc.ca

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state.pa.us

phmc.state.pa.us

Welsh in Pennsylvania by Matthew S. Magda (1986), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. From Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved 3 August 2006. Archived 30 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine

statistics.gov.uk

"NSO article: 'Welsh' on Census form". Statistics.gov.uk. 8 January 2004. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Estimated from population of Wales from 2001 census (2,903,085Census 2001 Wales". Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk

Neighbourhood Statistics. "Welsh people in England". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

stats.govt.nz

The 1996 census, which used a slightly different question, reported 9,966 people belonging to the Welsh ethnic group. Archived 8 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine

straightdope.com

"Was there an Indian tribe descended from Welsh explorers to America?". Straight Dope. 8 September 2006. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

teara.govt.nz

"Welsh immigration from Te Ara, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 August 2003". Teara.govt.nz. 13 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

therhondda.co.uk

"Population". Therhondda.co.uk. LSJ Services [Wales] Ltd. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

thetimes.co.uk

Leake, Jonathan. "DNA shows Welsh and Cornish to be 'purest' Britons". The Times. Retrieved 22 November 2022.

tivysideadvertiser.co.uk

"2019 marks bi-centenary of the Albion sailing from Cardigan to Canada". Tivyside Advertiser. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

wales.com

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walesonline.co.uk

Walesonline.co.uk Pioneering census questionnaire for Wales will help us shape the future Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine published in Western Mail, 17 December 2009 (Retrieved 17 October 2011)
"Why the people of Shrewsbury are 'more Welsh' than Cardiff". Walesonline.co.uk. 12 September 2006. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

web.archive.org

"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
Neighbourhood Statistics. "Welsh people in England". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Statistics Canada. "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Australian Government – Department of Immigration and Border Protection. "Welsh Australians". Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
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The 1996 census, which used a slightly different question, reported 9,966 people belonging to the Welsh ethnic group. Archived 8 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine
"Canolfan i 300,000 o Gymry" [Centre for 300,000 Welsh]. BBC (in Welsh). 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
"BBC History – Ancient History in-depth:Native Tribes of Britain". BBC History. 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010. The Deceangli, the Ordovices and the Silures were the three main tribe groups who lived in the mountains of what is today called Wales. However, in prehistory Wales, England and Scotland did not exist in any way as distinctive entities in the ways they have done so for the last 1000 years.
"What happened after the fall of the Roman Empire?". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"The Flemish colonists in Wales: BBC website. Retrieved 17 August 2006". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Gower Historical Processes, Themes and Background". Ggat.org.uk. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Census 2001, 200 Years of the Census in ... Wales (2001) 2011 Census, Population Estimates for UK
"Industrial Revolution". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 September 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Population". Therhondda.co.uk. LSJ Services [Wales] Ltd. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Italian immigration". Wales History. BBC. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Interview with Mohammed Asghar AM^[usurped]
"Census shows Welsh language rise". BBC News. 14 February 2003. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Census equality backed by Plaid". BBC News. 23 September 2000. Archived from the original on 24 November 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Census results 'defy tick-box row'". BBC News. 30 September 2002. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Scottish Parliament's Review of Census Ethnicity Classifications Consultation". June 2005. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
"NSO article: 'Welsh' on Census form". Statistics.gov.uk. 8 January 2004. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Walesonline.co.uk Pioneering census questionnaire for Wales will help us shape the future Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine published in Western Mail, 17 December 2009 (Retrieved 17 October 2011)
"2011 Census questions – Wales" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011". Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
"CREST Minority Nationalism published 2001, extracted 14 July 2010" (PDF). crest.ox.ac.uk. 2001. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
"Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff". Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
Wales, Father Luke Holden – Orthodox Christian Contact. "Orthodox Wales". Orthodoxchurch.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
"Apology over 'insults' to English". BBC News. 19 January 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"UK: Wales Plaid calls for second home controls". BBC News. 17 November 1999. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Plaid plan 'protects' rural areas". BBC News. 19 June 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Dewis Da – Why choose Welsh?". Careers Wales. Archived from the original on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Powys, Betsan (22 May 2012). "Mugshots and making headlines". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
"Oath of Allegiance (Welsh Language)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 21 July 1966. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Collinson, Dawn (28 February 2015). "St David's Day: why are Liverpool's Welsh links so strong?". Liverpoolecho.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
"Ashton-in-Makerfield U3A – About Ashton-in-Makerfield". Ashtoninmakerfieldanddistrictu3a.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
"BBC – Hereford and Worcester – About Herefordshire – Herefordshire in Wales?". Bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
"Watch: 43 years on – should Oswestry be in England or Wales?". Shropshirestar.com. 13 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
Fuller, Mike (8 July 2016). "Bore da! Cheshire West revealed as most Welsh place in England". Chesterchronicle.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
"Why the people of Shrewsbury are 'more Welsh' than Cardiff". Walesonline.co.uk. 12 September 2006. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
BBC website; Archived 2 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine recalled 13 November 2015
"Nineteenth Century Arrivals in Australia: University of Wales, Lampeter website. Retrieved 3 August 2006". Lamp.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Welsh in Pennsylvania by Matthew S. Magda (1986), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. From Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved 3 August 2006. Archived 30 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
"Wales History: South America — Patagonia". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Tiny US town's big Welsh heritage: BBC News, 20 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2006". BBC News. 20 July 2005. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Welsh History, The Welsh in North America, Utah". Ligtel.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Welsh immigration from Te Ara, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 August 2003". Teara.govt.nz. 13 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Estimated from population of Wales from 2001 census (2,903,085Census 2001 Wales". Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"Was there an Indian tribe descended from Welsh explorers to America?". Straight Dope. 8 September 2006. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
"John Hughes". /wales south east. BBC. 14 February 2009. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009.

whiterose.ac.uk

etheses.whiterose.ac.uk

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wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

The poem is available online at Wikisource.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016). "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nature Communications. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10326. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735653. PMID 26783717.
Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016). "Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history". Nature Communications. 7: 10408. doi:10.1038/ncomms10408. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4735688. PMID 26783965.
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