White Mexicans (English Wikipedia)

Anchondo, Sandra; de Haro, Martha (July 4, 2016). "El mestizaje es un mito, la identidad cultural sí importa" [Miscegenation is a myth, cultural identity does matter] (in Spanish). Mexico: Istmo. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2017.

archive.org

"latinobarometro : latinobarometro : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 1, 2024.

archives.gov

"American Indians in the Federal Decennial Census" Archived November 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on July 25, 2017.

ashg.org

J.K. Estrada; A. Hidalgo-Miranda; I. Silva-Zolezzi; G. Jimenez-Sanchez. "Evaluation of Ancestry and Linkage Disequilibrium Sharing in Admixed Population in Mexico". ASHG. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

books.google.com

Federico Navarrete (2016). Mexico Racista. Penguin Random house Grupo Editorial Mexico. p. 86. ISBN 9786073143646. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
Sherburne Friend Cook; Woodrow Borah (1998). Ensayos sobre historia de la población. México y el Caribe 2. Siglo XXI. p. 223. ISBN 9789682301063. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Wheelwright, Jeff (January 16, 2012). The Wandering Gene and the Indian Princess: Race, Religion, and DNA. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-393-08342-2. "The Hispanos generally resemble other Hispanic and Mexican-American groups while having a somewhat higher proportion of European blood than the rest. Genetics research has also confirmed the harshly one-sided nature of the admixture. By paying special attention to the Y-chromosome and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), scientists proved that the genetic exchange in the early years of New Mexico was almost entirely between Spanish males and Indian females." [...] "The Y chromosome of Hispano men is hardly Native American at all, while their mtDNA is about 85 percent Indian. Again, the former represents fatherhood, the latter motherhood. The skew between the two means that mating happened in one direction. It means that Indian men and Spanish women were largely on the sidelines when the admixture between Spanish men and Indian women occurred."
Suarez-Kurtz, Dr G. (August 3, 2007). Pharmacogenomics in Admixed Populations. CRC Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4987-1379-5. "In Mexico, approximately 90% of the maternal lineages are of Native American ancestry, implying that there has been very little European female contribution throughout colonial and post-colonial history."
David A. Branding; Woodrow Borah (1975). Mineros y comerciantes en el México borbónico (1763-1810). Fondo de Cultura Económica. p. 150. ISBN 9789681613402. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
Howard F. Cline (1963). THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. Harvard University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780674497061. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Miller (1999). Nursing Care of Older Adults: Theory and Practice (3, illustrated ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 90. ISBN 978-0781720762. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
Lawrence C. Parish; Larry E. Millikan, eds. (2012). Global Dermatology: Diagnosis and Management According to Geography, Climate, and Culture. M. Amer, R.A.C. Graham-Brown, S.N. Klaus, J.L. Pace. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 197. ISBN 978-1461226147. Archived from the original on January 13, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
Georgette Emilia José Valenzuela (1993). Guía e inventario del archivo Manuel González: acervos históricos (in Spanish). México, D. F.: Universidad Iberoamericana. p. 39. ISBN 9789688591109. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
Nutini, Hugo G. (January 2010). The Mexican Aristocracy: An Expressive Ethnography, 1910–2000. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292773318.

britannica.com

Ethnic composition (2010): Approximately two fifths"Mexico: Ethnic groups". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

census.gov

Ennis, Sharon R.; Rios-Vargas, Merarys; ALbert, Nora G. (May 2011). 2010 Census (PDF) (Report). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 14 (Table 6). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
"The Hispanic Population: 2010 Census Brief" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2012.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook: North America: Mexico: People and Society". The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2017. other 10% (mostly European)

clutejournals.com

R. Martínez & C. De La Torre (2008): "Racial Appearance And Income In Contemporary Mexico, pag 9 note 1" Archived August 6, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Diversity Management, 2008, Retrieved April 1, 2021.

cndh.org.mx

"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017" Archived August 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, CNDH, August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018.

colef.mx

Palma Mora, Mónica (July–December 2005). "Asociaciones de inmigrantes extranjeros en la ciudad de México. Una mirada a fines del siglo XX" [Immigrant Associations in Mexico City. A Look at the end of the 20th century] (PDF). Migraciones Internacionales (in Spanish). 3 (2): 29–57. ISSN 1665-8906. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2011.

colmich.edu.mx

etzakutarakua.colmich.edu.mx

"Jean Meyer" (PDF) (in Spanish). pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2014.

conapred.org.mx

"21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" [March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. 2017. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017. In the page 7 of the press release, the council reported that 53.5% of Mexican women and 39.4% of Mexican men identified with the lightest skin colors used in the census questionary, CONAPRED, Mexico, March 21. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.
"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010" [National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
"Documento Informativo Sobre Discriminación Racial En México" Archived May 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, CONAPRED, Mexico, March 21, 2011, retrieved on April 28, 2017.
"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010" [National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. p. 42. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010" [National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. pp. 40–43. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
"21 de Marzo Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" pag. 2 Archived May 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, CONAPRED, Mexico, March 21. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.

cornish-mexico.org.uk

"The Cornish Mexican Cultural Society: Building on Cornwall's International Heritage". cornish-mexico.org.uk. Cornish Mexican Cultural Society. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.

criteriohidalgo.com

"México, primer lugar en migrantes internacionales" [Mexico, primary spot for international migrants]. United Nations (in Spanish). criteriohidalgo.com. April 23, 2013. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014.

doi.org

Schwartz-Marín, Ernesto; Silva-Zolezzi, Irma (December 2010). ""The Map of the Mexican's Genome": overlapping national identity, and population genomics". Identity in the Information Society. 3 (3): 489–514. doi:10.1007/s12394-010-0074-7. hdl:10871/33766. S2CID 144786737.
Ortiz-Hernández, Luis; Compeán-Dardón, Sandra; Verde-Flota, Elizabeth; Flores-Martínez, Maricela Nanet (April 2011). "Racism and mental health among university students in Mexico City". Salud Pública de México. 53 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1590/s0036-36342011000200005. ISSN 0036-3634. PMID 21537803.
Villarreal, Andrés (2010). "Stratification by Skin Color in Contemporary Mexico". American Sociological Review. 75 (5): 652–678. doi:10.1177/0003122410378232. JSTOR 20799484. S2CID 145295212.
Bonilla, C.; Parra, E. J.; Pfaff, C. L.; Dios, S.; Marshall, J. A.; Hamman, R. F.; Ferrell, R. E.; Hoggart, C. L.; McKeigue, P. M.; Shriver, M. D. (March 2004). "Admixture in the Hispanics of the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and its implications for complex trait gene mapping". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 2): 139–153. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00084.x. hdl:2027.42/65937. ISSN 0003-4800. PMID 15008793. S2CID 13702953. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2022. "Both studies have revealed a pattern of directional mating in this population, an asymmetric interaction between Spanish males and Native American females, much like in other Hispanic populations of Latin America (Green et al. 2000; Carvajal-Carmona et al. 2000, 2003; Rodriguez-Delfin et al. 2001). During the conquest and colonization of America the immigration of women from the Iberian Peninsula was significantly lower than that of men, so European males frequently took native women as wives or partners (Morner, 1967). After the initial directional contact between European and Native American populations it seems likely that the admixed group became mostly endogamic, which would explain the high levels of Native American mtDNA (Merriwether et al. 1997)."
Kumar, Satish; Bellis, Claire; Zlojutro, Mark; Melton, Phillip E.; Blangero, John; Curran, Joanne E. (October 7, 2011). "Large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans suggests a reappraisal of Native American origins". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 293. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..293K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-293. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3217880. PMID 21978175. "Thus the observed frequency of Native American mtDNA in Mexican/Mexican Americans is higher than was expected on the basis of autosomal estimates of Native American admixture for these populations i.e. ~ 30-46% [53, 55]. The difference is indicative of directional mating involving preferentially immigrant men and Native American women. This type of genetic asymmetry has been observed in other populations, including Brazilian individuals of African ancestry, as the analysis of sex specific and autosomal markers has revealed evidence for substantial European admixture that was mediated mostly through men [56]."
Wang, Sijia; Ray, Nicolas; Rojas, Winston; Parra, Maria V.; et al. (March 21, 2008). "Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos". PLOS Genetics. 4 (3): e1000037. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037. PMC 2265669. PMID 18369456.
Price, Alkes L.; Patterson, Nick; Yu, Fuli; Cox, David R.; et al. (June 2007). "A Genomewide Admixture Map for Latino Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (6): 1024–1036. doi:10.1086/518313. PMC 1867092. PMID 17503322. "Results are reported in table 2 and indicate higher total Native American ancestry for LA Latinos and Mexicans (45% and 44%, respectively) than for Brazilians and Colombians (18% and 19%, respectively), which is in line with previous studies.21,22 We also observed uniformly higher Native American ancestry on the X chromosome (57% for LA Latinos, 54% for Mexicans, 33% for Brazilians, and 27% for Colombians), which is consistent with evidence of predominantly European patrilineal and Native American matrilineal ancestry in Latino populations.22"
Fortes de Leff, Jacqueline (December 2002). "Racism in Mexico: Cultural Roots and Clinical Interventions1". Family Process. 41 (4): 619–623. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.00619.x. PMID 12613120.
Morales, Efraín Castro (January 1983). "Los cuadros de castas de la Nueva España" [Caste cadres of New Spain]. Jahrbuch für Geschichte Lateinamerikas (in Spanish). 20 (1). doi:10.7767/jbla.1983.20.1.671. S2CID 162365969.
Buchenau, Jurgen (Spring 2001). "Small numbers, great impact: Mexico and its immigrants, 1821–1973". Journal of American Ethnic History. 20 (3): 23–49. doi:10.2307/27502710. JSTOR 27502710. PMID 17605190. S2CID 29111441.
Sosa-Macías, Martha; Elizondo, Guillermo; Flores-Pérez, Carmen; Flores-Pérez, Janet; Bradley-Alvarez, Francisco; Alanis-Bañuelos, Ruth E.; Lares-Asseff, Ismael (May 2006). "CYP2D6 Genotype and Phenotype in Amerindians of Tepehuano Origin and Mestizos of Durango, Mexico". The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 46 (5): 527–536. doi:10.1177/0091270006287586. PMID 16638736. S2CID 41443294.
Jablonski, Nina G.; Chaplin, George (July 2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. PMID 10896812.
Sebastián-Enesco, Carla; Semin, Gün R. (November 2020). "The brightness dimension as a marker of gender across cultures and age". Psychological Research. 84 (8): 2375–2384. doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01213-2. PMC 7515938. PMID 31201533.
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; et al. (September 25, 2014). "Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals". PLOS Genetics. 10 (9): e1004572. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572. PMC 4177621. PMID 25254375.
del Peón-Hidalgo, Lorenzo; Pacheco-Cano, Ma Guadalupe; Zavala-Ruiz, Mirna; Madueño-López, Alejandro; García-González, Adolfo (September 2002). "Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos e incompatibilidades ABO y RhD, en La Paz, Baja California Sur, México" [Blood group frequencies and ABO and RhD incompatibilities in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico]. Salud Pública de México (in Spanish). 44 (5): 406–412. doi:10.1590/S0036-36342002000500004. PMID 12389483.
Canizalez-Román, A; Campos-Romero, A; Castro-Sánchez, JA; López-Martínez, MA; Andrade-Muñoz, FJ; Cruz-Zamudio, CK; Ortíz-Espinoza, TG; León-Sicairos, N; Gaudrón Llanos, AM; Velázquez-Román, J; Flores-Villaseñor, H; Muro-Amador, S; Martínez-García, JJ; Alcántar-Fernández, J (2018). "Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D) Loci in the Mexican Population". BioMed Research International. 2018: 1925619. doi:10.1155/2018/1925619. PMC 5937518. PMID 29850485.
Bonnett, Alastair (November 1998). "Who was white? The disappearance of non-European white identities and the formation of European racial whiteness". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 21 (6): 1029–1055. doi:10.1080/01419879808565651. ISSN 0141-9870.
Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L; Beuten, Joke; Leach, Robin J; Parra, Esteban J; et al. (September 2009). "Ancestry informative markers and admixture proportions in northeastern Mexico". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (9): 504–509. doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.65. PMID 19680268. S2CID 13714976.
Luna-Vazquez, A; Vilchis-Dorantes, G; Paez-Riberos, L.A; Muñoz-Valle, F; González-Martin, A; Rangel-Villalobos, H (September 2003). "Population data of nine STRs of Mexican-Mestizos from Mexico City". Forensic Science International. 136 (1–3): 96–98. doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00254-8. PMID 12969629.
Lisker, Rubén; Ramírez, Eva; González-Villalpando, Clicerio; Stern, Michael P. (1995). "Racial admixture in a Mestizo population from Mexico City". American Journal of Human Biology. 7 (2): 213–216. doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310070210. PMID 28557218. S2CID 8177392.
Martínez-Cortés, Gabriela; Salazar-Flores, Joel; Gabriela Fernández-Rodríguez, Laura; Rubi-Castellanos, Rodrigo; et al. (September 2012). "Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 57 (9): 568–574. doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.67. PMID 22832385. S2CID 2876124.
Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; et al. (May 26, 2009). "Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (21): 8611–8616. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8611S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903045106. PMC 2680428. PMID 19433783.
Buentello-Malo, Leonora; Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Salamanca-Gómez, Fabio; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M. (November 2008). "Genetic admixture of eight Mexican indigenous populations: Based on five polymarker, HLA-DQA1, ABO, and RH loci". American Journal of Human Biology. 20 (6): 647–650. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20747. PMID 18770527. S2CID 28766515.
Valdez-Velazquez, Laura L; Mendoza-Carrera, Francisco; Perez-Parra, Sandra A; Rodarte-Hurtado, Katia; Sandoval-Ramirez, Lucila; Montoya-Fuentes, Héctor; Quintero-Ramos, Antonio; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Montes-Galindo, Daniel A; Gomez-Sandoval, Zeferino; Olivares, Norma; Rivas, Fernando (September 2011). "Renin gene haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium in two Mexican and one German population samples". Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. 12 (3): 231–237. doi:10.1177/1470320310388440. PMID 21163863. S2CID 26481247.
Hernández-Gutiérrez, S.; Hernández-Franco, P.; Martínez-Tripp, S.; Ramos-Kuri, M.; Rangel-Villalobos, H. (June 2005). "STR data for 15 loci in a population sample from the central region of Mexico". Forensic Science International. 151 (1): 97–100. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.080. PMID 15935948.
Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Villalobos-Torres, Maria C.; Barrera-Saldaña, Hugo A.; Cortés-Prieto, Lizette M.; Barajas, Leticia O.; Rivas, Fernando; Carracedo, Angel; Zhong, Yixi; Barton, Sara A.; Chakraborty, Ranajit (March 2002). "Genetic admixture in three mexican mestizo populations based on D1S80 and HLA-DQA1 Loci: Genetic Admixture in Mexican Populations". American Journal of Human Biology. 14 (2): 257–263. doi:10.1002/ajhb.10020. PMID 11891937. S2CID 31830084.
Loya Méndez, Yolanda; Reyes Leal, G; Sánchez González, A; Portillo Reyes, V; Reyes Ruvalcaba, D; Bojórquez Rangel, G (February 1, 2015). "Variantes genotípicas del SNP-19 del gen de la CAPN 10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México" [SNP-19 genotypic variants of CAPN 10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico]. Nutrición Hospitalaria (in Spanish). 31 (2): 744–750. doi:10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7729. PMID 25617558. S2CID 196279677.
Cerda-Flores, RM; Villalobos-Torres, MC; Barrera-Saldaña, HA; Cortés-Prieto, LM; Barajas, LO; Rivas, F; Carracedo, A; Zhong, Y; Barton, SA; Chakraborty, R (2002). "Genetic admixture in three Mexican Mestizo populations based on D1S80 and HLA-DQA1 loci". Am J Hum Biol. 14 (2): 257–63. doi:10.1002/ajhb.10020. PMID 11891937. S2CID 31830084.
Price, Alkes L.; Patterson, Nick; Yu, Fuli; Cox, David R.; et al. (June 2007). "A Genomewide Admixture Map for Latino Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (6): 1024–1036. doi:10.1086/518313. PMC 1867092. PMID 17503322.
Hernández-Gutiérrez, S; Hernández-Franco, P; Martínez-Tripp, S; Ramos-Kuri, M; Rangel-Villalobos, H (2005). "STR data for 15 loci in a population sample from the central region of Mexico". Forensic Sci Int. 151 (1): 97–100. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.080. PMID 15935948.
Salzano, Francisco Mauro; Sans, Mónica (2014). "Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 37 (1 suppl 1): 151–170. doi:10.1590/s1415-47572014000200003. PMC 3983580. PMID 24764751.

dx.doi.org

Bonnett, Alastair (November 1998). "Who was white? The disappearance of non-European white identities and the formation of European racial whiteness". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 21 (6): 1029–1055. doi:10.1080/01419879808565651. ISSN 0141-9870.

donarsangre.org

"Cruz Roja Espanola/Grupos Sanguineos". Donarsangre.org. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

economiahoy.mx

"¿Seras racista? Causa polémica su nueva campaña de publicidad" Archived July 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Economiahoy.mx, March 5, 2020, Retrieved on July 21, 2020.

elsiglodedurango.com.mx

"Trazan el mapa genético de la población mestiza mexicana" Archived May 2, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, El Siglo de Durango, August 18, 2009, Retrieved on April 26, 2018.

eluniversal.com.mx

"Ser Blanco" Archived June 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, El Universal, July 6, 2017, Retrieved on June 19, 2018.
"Presenta INEGI estudio que relaciona color de piel con oportunidades" Archived May 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, El Universal, June 16, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.

archivo.eluniversal.com.mx

"Tienen manchas mongólicas 50% de bebés" Archived June 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, El Universal, January 2012. Retrieved on July 3, 2017.
"Mestizos, 93% de los Mexicanos según estudio" Archived April 30, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, El Universal, March 10, 2009, Retrieved on April 26, 2018.

flvc.org

fsu.digital.flvc.org

"Household Mobility and Persistence in Guadalajara, Mexico: 1811–1842, page 62" Archived December 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, fsu org, December 8, 2016. Retrieved on December 9, 2018.

forbes.com

Nathaniel Parish Flannery (April 30, 2013). "As Spain Falters, Spaniards Look to Latin America". Forbes.com. Retrieved January 13, 2016.

forbes.com.mx

"Comprobado con datos: en México te va mejor si eres blanco" Archived November 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, forbes, August 7, 2018, Retrieved on November 4, 2018.

gq.com.mx

"El color de piel nos da privilegios en México?", GQ, Mexico, 2019, retrieved on June 19, 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Schwartz-Marín, Ernesto; Silva-Zolezzi, Irma (December 2010). ""The Map of the Mexican's Genome": overlapping national identity, and population genomics". Identity in the Information Society. 3 (3): 489–514. doi:10.1007/s12394-010-0074-7. hdl:10871/33766. S2CID 144786737.
Bonilla, C.; Parra, E. J.; Pfaff, C. L.; Dios, S.; Marshall, J. A.; Hamman, R. F.; Ferrell, R. E.; Hoggart, C. L.; McKeigue, P. M.; Shriver, M. D. (March 2004). "Admixture in the Hispanics of the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and its implications for complex trait gene mapping". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 2): 139–153. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00084.x. hdl:2027.42/65937. ISSN 0003-4800. PMID 15008793. S2CID 13702953. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2022. "Both studies have revealed a pattern of directional mating in this population, an asymmetric interaction between Spanish males and Native American females, much like in other Hispanic populations of Latin America (Green et al. 2000; Carvajal-Carmona et al. 2000, 2003; Rodriguez-Delfin et al. 2001). During the conquest and colonization of America the immigration of women from the Iberian Peninsula was significantly lower than that of men, so European males frequently took native women as wives or partners (Morner, 1967). After the initial directional contact between European and Native American populations it seems likely that the admixed group became mostly endogamic, which would explain the high levels of Native American mtDNA (Merriwether et al. 1997)."

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kumar, Satish; Bellis, Claire; Zlojutro, Mark; Melton, Phillip E.; Blangero, John; Curran, Joanne E. (October 7, 2011). "Large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans suggests a reappraisal of Native American origins". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 293. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..293K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-293. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3217880. PMID 21978175. "Thus the observed frequency of Native American mtDNA in Mexican/Mexican Americans is higher than was expected on the basis of autosomal estimates of Native American admixture for these populations i.e. ~ 30-46% [53, 55]. The difference is indicative of directional mating involving preferentially immigrant men and Native American women. This type of genetic asymmetry has been observed in other populations, including Brazilian individuals of African ancestry, as the analysis of sex specific and autosomal markers has revealed evidence for substantial European admixture that was mediated mostly through men [56]."
Jablonski, Nina G.; Chaplin, George (July 2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. PMID 10896812.
Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; et al. (May 26, 2009). "Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (21): 8611–8616. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8611S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903045106. PMC 2680428. PMID 19433783.

huffingtonpost.com.mx

"Por estas razones el color de piel determina las oportunidades de los mexicanos" Archived June 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Huffington post, July 26, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.

imbeurope.org

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inah.gob.mx

dimensionantropologica.inah.gob.mx

Pla Brugat, Dolores (September–December 2011). "Más desindianización que mestizaje. Una relectura de los censos generales de población" [More de-Indianization than miscegenation. A rereading of the general population censuses]. Dimensión Antropológica (in Spanish). 53: 69–91. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.

inegi.org.mx

"Resultados del Modulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional" Archived July 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, INEGI, June 16, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
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Bonilla, C.; Parra, E. J.; Pfaff, C. L.; Dios, S.; Marshall, J. A.; Hamman, R. F.; Ferrell, R. E.; Hoggart, C. L.; McKeigue, P. M.; Shriver, M. D. (March 2004). "Admixture in the Hispanics of the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and its implications for complex trait gene mapping". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 2): 139–153. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00084.x. hdl:2027.42/65937. ISSN 0003-4800. PMID 15008793. S2CID 13702953. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2022. "Both studies have revealed a pattern of directional mating in this population, an asymmetric interaction between Spanish males and Native American females, much like in other Hispanic populations of Latin America (Green et al. 2000; Carvajal-Carmona et al. 2000, 2003; Rodriguez-Delfin et al. 2001). During the conquest and colonization of America the immigration of women from the Iberian Peninsula was significantly lower than that of men, so European males frequently took native women as wives or partners (Morner, 1967). After the initial directional contact between European and Native American populations it seems likely that the admixed group became mostly endogamic, which would explain the high levels of Native American mtDNA (Merriwether et al. 1997)."
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Buentello-Malo, Leonora; Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Salamanca-Gómez, Fabio; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M. (November 2008). "Genetic admixture of eight Mexican indigenous populations: Based on five polymarker, HLA-DQA1, ABO, and RH loci". American Journal of Human Biology. 20 (6): 647–650. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20747. PMID 18770527. S2CID 28766515.
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