William F. Semple (English Wikipedia)

Fagernäs, Leena; Kuoppala, Eeva; Tiilikkala, Kari; Oasmaa, Anja (2012). "Chemical Composition of Birch Wood Slow Pyrolysis Products". Energy & Fuels. 26 (2): 1275–83. doi:10.1021/ef2018836.
Kekäläinen, Timo; Venäläinen, Tapani; Jänis, Janne (17 July 2014). "Characterization of Birch Wood Pyrolysis Oils by Ultrahigh-Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Insights into Thermochemical Conversion". Energy & Fuels. 28 (7): 4596–602. doi:10.1021/ef500849z. ISSN 0887-0624.
Smithsonian, Eeva (2012). "Brief History of Chewing Gum". Energy & Fuels. 26 (2): 1275–83. doi:10.1021/ef2018836.
"I/EC Reports". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 51 (6): 30A–40A. 1959. doi:10.1021/ie50594a004.
Bussiere, G.; Serpelloni, M. (1985). "Confectionery and Water Activity Determination of AW by Calculation". In Simatos, D.; Multon, J. L. (eds.). Properties of Water in Foods. NATO ASI Series. Springer Netherlands. pp. 627–45. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5103-7_38. ISBN 9789401087568.
Davidson, J. M.; Linforth, R. S.; Hollowood, T. A.; Taylor, A. J. (1 October 1999). "Effect of sucrose on the perceived flavor intensity of chewing gum". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47 (10): 4336–40. doi:10.1021/jf9901082. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 10552812.
Potineni, Rajesh V.; Peterson, Devin G. (2008). "Mechanisms of Flavor Release in Chewing Gum: Cinnamaldehyde". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (9): 3260–67. doi:10.1021/jf0727847. PMID 18426214.
Onyper, Serge V.; Carr, Timothy L.; Farrar, John S.; Floyd, Brittney R. (2011). "Cognitive advantages of chewing gum. Now you see them, now you don't". Appetite. 57 (2): 321–28. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.313. PMID 21645566. S2CID 18821962.
Deshpande, Amol; Jadad, Alejandro R. (2008). "The impact of polyol-containing chewing gums on dental caries". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 139 (12): 1602–14. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0102. PMID 19047666.
ALHumaid, Jehan; Bamashmous, Mohamed (2022). "Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Xylitol in Caries Prevention". Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 12 (2): 133–138. doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_164_21. ISSN 2231-0762. PMC 9022379. PMID 35462747.
Söderling, Eva; Pienihäkkinen, Kaisu (2022). "Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review". Clinical Oral Investigations. 26 (1): 119–129. doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04225-8. ISSN 1432-6981. PMC 8791908. PMID 34677696.
Milgrom, P.; Ly, K.A.; Roberts, M.C.; Rothen, M.; Mueller, G.; Yamaguchi, D.K. (2006). "Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum". Journal of Dental Research. 85 (2): 177–81. doi:10.1177/154405910608500212. PMC 2225984. PMID 16434738.
Kakuta, Hatsue; Iwami, Yoshimichi; Mayanagi, Hideaki; Takahashi, Nobuhiro (2003). "Xylitol Inhibition of Acid Production and Growth of Mutans Streptococci in the Presence of Various Dietary Sugars under Strictly Anaerobic Conditions". Caries Research. 37 (6): 404–09. doi:10.1159/000073391. PMID 14571117. S2CID 21574455.
Kashket, S.; Yaskell, T. (1997). "Effectiveness of Calcium Lactate Added to Food in Reducing Intraoral Demineralization of Enamel". Caries Research. 31 (6): 429–33. doi:10.1159/000262434. PMID 9353582.
Schaeken, M.J.M.; Van Der Hoeven, J.S. (1993). "Control of Calculus Formation by a Dentifrice Containing Calcium Lactate". Caries Research. 27 (4): 277–79. doi:10.1159/000261550. PMID 8402801.
Suda, R.; Suzuki, T.; Takiguchi, R.; Egawa, K.; Sano, T.; Hasegawa, K. (2006). "The Effect of Adding Calcium Lactate to Xylitol Chewing Gum on Remineralization of Enamel Lesions". Caries Research. 40 (1): 43–46. doi:10.1159/000088905. PMID 16352880. S2CID 45316316.
Schirrmeister, J.F.; Seger, R.K.; Altenburger, M.J.; Lussi, A.; Hellwig, E. (2007). "Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ". Caries Research. 41 (2): 108–14. doi:10.1159/000098043. PMID 17284911. S2CID 22686522.
Machiulskiene, Vita; Nyvad, Bente; Baelum, Vibeke (2001). "Caries preventive effect of sugar-substituted chewing gum". Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 29 (4): 278–88. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290407.x. PMID 11515642.
de Oliveira, A.F.B.; de Oliveira Diniz, L.V.; Forte, F.D.S.; et al. (28 March 2016). "In Situ Effect of a CPP-ACP Chewing Gum on Enamel Erosion Associated or Not With Abrasion". Clinical Oral Investigations. 21 (1): 339–46. doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1796-1. PMID 27020912. S2CID 10126499.
Masumoto, N.; Yamaguchi, K.; Fujimoto, S. (2009). "Daily chewing gum exercise for stabilizing the vertical occlusion". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 36 (12): 857–63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02010.x. PMID 19845836.
Fitzgerald, J. Edward F.; Ahmed, Irfan (2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. 33 (12): 2557–66. doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID 19763686. S2CID 24548626.
Abd-El-Maeboud, KHI; Ibrahim, MI; Shalaby, DAA; Fikry, MF (2009). "Gum chewing stimulates early return of bowel motility after caesarean section". BJOG. 116 (10): 1334–39. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02225.x. PMID 19523094.
- Leah Zerbe (2 September 2009). "Chewing Gum Speeds Surgery Recovery". Rodale. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014.
- Purkayastha, Sanjay; Tilney, H. S.; Darzi, A. W.; Tekkis, P. P. (2008). "Meta-analysis of Randomized Studies Evaluating Chewing Gum to Enhance Postoperative Recovery Following Colectomy". Archives of Surgery. 143 (8): 788–93. doi:10.1001/archsurg.143.8.788. PMID 18711040.
  - "Chewing Gum Associated With Enhanced Bowel Recovery After Colon Surgery". ScienceDaily (Press release). 19 August 2008.
  - Milov, D. E.; Andres, J. M.; Erhart, N. A.; Bailey, D. J. (1998). "Chewing Gum Bezoars of the Gastrointestinal Tract". Pediatrics. 102 (2): e22. doi:10.1542/peds.102.2.e22. PMID 9685468.
  - Rimar, Yossi; Babich, Jay P; Shaoul, Ron (2004). "Chewing gum bezoar". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 59 (7): 872. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)00162-2. PMID 15173807.
  - Barbera, Nunziata; Arcifa, Veronica; Valenti, Vincenzo; Spadaro, Giorgio; Tomasello, Sergio; Romano, Guido (2012). "Fatal asphyxia by complete laryngeal obstruction due to chewing-gum aspiration in an adult woman". Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine. 20: 33–36. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2012.33.

ec.gc.ca

"Summary of Public Comments Received on the Government of Canada's Draft Screening Assessment Report and Risk Management Scope on Bisphenol A" (PDF). Retrieved 25 January 2012.

economist.com

"Bursting the bubble: how gum lost its cool". The Economist. 26 July 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 98304A, William F. Semple, "Improved Chewing Gum", published 1869-12-28

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

"CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2016.

fda.gov

"Food Code – FDA Food Code 2009: Chapter 1 – Purpose & Definitions". www.fda.gov. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

fona.com

"Benefits of flavor encapsulation" (PDF). Fona International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016.

gumassociation.org

"Ingredients technology – ICGA". www.gumassociation.org. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
"Manufacturing Process – ICGA". www.gumassociation.org. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

gumdropltd.com

"Gumdrop Ltd". gumdropltd.com. Retrieved 7 March 2018.

health.com

Canning, Kristin (26 January 2017). "Chewing Tons of Gum Can Actually Cause Diarrhea". Health.com. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

heartlungcirc.org

"A RandomisEd ControLled TrIal of ChEwing Gum to RelieVE Thirst in Chronic Heart Failure (RELIEVE-CHF) - Heart, Lung and Circulation".

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"B-schools ban chewing gum on campus". The Times of India. 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2010.

menshealth.com

Girdwain, Jessica (22 January 2014). "6 'No Medicine' Cures!". Men's Health. Retrieved 23 September 2022.

news.google.com

"It's Flavored Chewing Gum: Taffy Tolu Invention Is Remembered". Kentucky New Era. Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky. 22 December 1978. Retrieved 8 September 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dimas, Konstantinos S.; Pantazis, Panayotis; Ramanujam, Rama (1 October 2016). "Review: Chios mastic gum: a plant-produced resin exhibiting numerous diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical properties". In Vivo (Athens, Greece). 26 (5): 777–85. ISSN 1791-7549. PMID 22949590.
Davidson, J. M.; Linforth, R. S.; Hollowood, T. A.; Taylor, A. J. (1 October 1999). "Effect of sucrose on the perceived flavor intensity of chewing gum". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47 (10): 4336–40. doi:10.1021/jf9901082. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 10552812.
Potineni, Rajesh V.; Peterson, Devin G. (2008). "Mechanisms of Flavor Release in Chewing Gum: Cinnamaldehyde". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (9): 3260–67. doi:10.1021/jf0727847. PMID 18426214.
Onyper, Serge V.; Carr, Timothy L.; Farrar, John S.; Floyd, Brittney R. (2011). "Cognitive advantages of chewing gum. Now you see them, now you don't". Appetite. 57 (2): 321–28. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.313. PMID 21645566. S2CID 18821962.
Deshpande, Amol; Jadad, Alejandro R. (2008). "The impact of polyol-containing chewing gums on dental caries". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 139 (12): 1602–14. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0102. PMID 19047666.
ALHumaid, Jehan; Bamashmous, Mohamed (2022). "Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Xylitol in Caries Prevention". Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 12 (2): 133–138. doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_164_21. ISSN 2231-0762. PMC 9022379. PMID 35462747.
Söderling, Eva; Pienihäkkinen, Kaisu (2022). "Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review". Clinical Oral Investigations. 26 (1): 119–129. doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04225-8. ISSN 1432-6981. PMC 8791908. PMID 34677696.
Thabuis, C; Cheng, C. Y.; Wang, X; Pochat, M; Han, A; Miller, L; Wils, D; Guerin-Deremaux, L (2013). "Effects of maltitol and xylitol chewing-gums on parameters involved in dental caries development". European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 14 (4): 303–08. PMID 24313583.
Milgrom, P.; Ly, K.A.; Roberts, M.C.; Rothen, M.; Mueller, G.; Yamaguchi, D.K. (2006). "Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum". Journal of Dental Research. 85 (2): 177–81. doi:10.1177/154405910608500212. PMC 2225984. PMID 16434738.
Kakuta, Hatsue; Iwami, Yoshimichi; Mayanagi, Hideaki; Takahashi, Nobuhiro (2003). "Xylitol Inhibition of Acid Production and Growth of Mutans Streptococci in the Presence of Various Dietary Sugars under Strictly Anaerobic Conditions". Caries Research. 37 (6): 404–09. doi:10.1159/000073391. PMID 14571117. S2CID 21574455.
Kashket, S.; Yaskell, T. (1997). "Effectiveness of Calcium Lactate Added to Food in Reducing Intraoral Demineralization of Enamel". Caries Research. 31 (6): 429–33. doi:10.1159/000262434. PMID 9353582.
Schaeken, M.J.M.; Van Der Hoeven, J.S. (1993). "Control of Calculus Formation by a Dentifrice Containing Calcium Lactate". Caries Research. 27 (4): 277–79. doi:10.1159/000261550. PMID 8402801.
Suda, R.; Suzuki, T.; Takiguchi, R.; Egawa, K.; Sano, T.; Hasegawa, K. (2006). "The Effect of Adding Calcium Lactate to Xylitol Chewing Gum on Remineralization of Enamel Lesions". Caries Research. 40 (1): 43–46. doi:10.1159/000088905. PMID 16352880. S2CID 45316316.
Schirrmeister, J.F.; Seger, R.K.; Altenburger, M.J.; Lussi, A.; Hellwig, E. (2007). "Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ". Caries Research. 41 (2): 108–14. doi:10.1159/000098043. PMID 17284911. S2CID 22686522.
Machiulskiene, Vita; Nyvad, Bente; Baelum, Vibeke (2001). "Caries preventive effect of sugar-substituted chewing gum". Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 29 (4): 278–88. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290407.x. PMID 11515642.
de Oliveira, A.F.B.; de Oliveira Diniz, L.V.; Forte, F.D.S.; et al. (28 March 2016). "In Situ Effect of a CPP-ACP Chewing Gum on Enamel Erosion Associated or Not With Abrasion". Clinical Oral Investigations. 21 (1): 339–46. doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1796-1. PMID 27020912. S2CID 10126499.
Masumoto, N.; Yamaguchi, K.; Fujimoto, S. (2009). "Daily chewing gum exercise for stabilizing the vertical occlusion". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 36 (12): 857–63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02010.x. PMID 19845836.
Fitzgerald, J. Edward F.; Ahmed, Irfan (2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. 33 (12): 2557–66. doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID 19763686. S2CID 24548626.
Abd-El-Maeboud, KHI; Ibrahim, MI; Shalaby, DAA; Fikry, MF (2009). "Gum chewing stimulates early return of bowel motility after caesarean section". BJOG. 116 (10): 1334–39. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02225.x. PMID 19523094.
- Leah Zerbe (2 September 2009). "Chewing Gum Speeds Surgery Recovery". Rodale. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014.
- Purkayastha, Sanjay; Tilney, H. S.; Darzi, A. W.; Tekkis, P. P. (2008). "Meta-analysis of Randomized Studies Evaluating Chewing Gum to Enhance Postoperative Recovery Following Colectomy". Archives of Surgery. 143 (8): 788–93. doi:10.1001/archsurg.143.8.788. PMID 18711040.
  - "Chewing Gum Associated With Enhanced Bowel Recovery After Colon Surgery". ScienceDaily (Press release). 19 August 2008.
  - Milov, D. E.; Andres, J. M.; Erhart, N. A.; Bailey, D. J. (1998). "Chewing Gum Bezoars of the Gastrointestinal Tract". Pediatrics. 102 (2): e22. doi:10.1542/peds.102.2.e22. PMID 9685468.
  - Rimar, Yossi; Babich, Jay P; Shaoul, Ron (2004). "Chewing gum bezoar". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 59 (7): 872. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)00162-2. PMID 15173807.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  - ALHumaid, Jehan; Bamashmous, Mohamed (2022). "Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Xylitol in Caries Prevention". Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 12 (2): 133–138. doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_164_21. ISSN 2231-0762. PMC 9022379. PMID 35462747.
  - Söderling, Eva; Pienihäkkinen, Kaisu (2022). "Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review". Clinical Oral Investigations. 26 (1): 119–129. doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04225-8. ISSN 1432-6981. PMC 8791908. PMID 34677696.
  - Milgrom, P.; Ly, K.A.; Roberts, M.C.; Rothen, M.; Mueller, G.; Yamaguchi, D.K. (2006). "Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum". Journal of Dental Research. 85 (2): 177–81. doi:10.1177/154405910608500212. PMC 2225984. PMID 16434738.
  - de Oliveira, A.F.B.; de Oliveira Diniz, L.V.; Forte, F.D.S.; et al. (28 March 2016). "In Situ Effect of a CPP-ACP Chewing Gum on Enamel Erosion Associated or Not With Abrasion". Clinical Oral Investigations. 21 (1): 339–46. doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1796-1. PMID 27020912. S2CID 10126499.

nydailynews.com

"Rome declares war on chewing gum". Daily News. 2011.

ohiohistorycentral.org

"William F. Semple". Ohio History Central (maintained by the Ohio Historical Society). Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

patents.google.com

"Web-cutting attachment for wrapping-machines". Retrieved 8 September 2015.
"Web-cutting attachment for wrapping-machines". Retrieved 8 September 2015.

rodalenews.com

Abd-El-Maeboud, KHI; Ibrahim, MI; Shalaby, DAA; Fikry, MF (2009). "Gum chewing stimulates early return of bowel motility after caesarean section". BJOG. 116 (10): 1334–39. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02225.x. PMID 19523094.
- Leah Zerbe (2 September 2009). "Chewing Gum Speeds Surgery Recovery". Rodale. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014.

sciam.com

Matson, John. "Fact or Fiction?: Chewing Gum Takes Seven Years to Digest: Scientific American". Sciam.com. Retrieved 25 January 2012.

sciencedaily.com

Purkayastha, Sanjay; Tilney, H. S.; Darzi, A. W.; Tekkis, P. P. (2008). "Meta-analysis of Randomized Studies Evaluating Chewing Gum to Enhance Postoperative Recovery Following Colectomy". Archives of Surgery. 143 (8): 788–93. doi:10.1001/archsurg.143.8.788. PMID 18711040.
- "Chewing Gum Associated With Enhanced Bowel Recovery After Colon Surgery". ScienceDaily (Press release). 19 August 2008.

scienceworld.ca

"Ever Wonder About Bubble Gum?". Science World British Columbia. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Onyper, Serge V.; Carr, Timothy L.; Farrar, John S.; Floyd, Brittney R. (2011). "Cognitive advantages of chewing gum. Now you see them, now you don't". Appetite. 57 (2): 321–28. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.313. PMID 21645566. S2CID 18821962.
Kakuta, Hatsue; Iwami, Yoshimichi; Mayanagi, Hideaki; Takahashi, Nobuhiro (2003). "Xylitol Inhibition of Acid Production and Growth of Mutans Streptococci in the Presence of Various Dietary Sugars under Strictly Anaerobic Conditions". Caries Research. 37 (6): 404–09. doi:10.1159/000073391. PMID 14571117. S2CID 21574455.
Suda, R.; Suzuki, T.; Takiguchi, R.; Egawa, K.; Sano, T.; Hasegawa, K. (2006). "The Effect of Adding Calcium Lactate to Xylitol Chewing Gum on Remineralization of Enamel Lesions". Caries Research. 40 (1): 43–46. doi:10.1159/000088905. PMID 16352880. S2CID 45316316.
Schirrmeister, J.F.; Seger, R.K.; Altenburger, M.J.; Lussi, A.; Hellwig, E. (2007). "Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ". Caries Research. 41 (2): 108–14. doi:10.1159/000098043. PMID 17284911. S2CID 22686522.
de Oliveira, A.F.B.; de Oliveira Diniz, L.V.; Forte, F.D.S.; et al. (28 March 2016). "In Situ Effect of a CPP-ACP Chewing Gum on Enamel Erosion Associated or Not With Abrasion". Clinical Oral Investigations. 21 (1): 339–46. doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1796-1. PMID 27020912. S2CID 10126499.
Fitzgerald, J. Edward F.; Ahmed, Irfan (2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. 33 (12): 2557–66. doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID 19763686. S2CID 24548626.

smithsonianmag.com

Smithsonian, Eeva (2012). "Brief History of Chewing Gum". Energy & Fuels. 26 (2): 1275–83. doi:10.1021/ef2018836.

technologyreview.com

Patel, Prachi. "Nonstick Chewing Gum". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 9 December 2016.

theguardian.com

"Are there any known health risks from chewing gum (aside from the risk of accidentally swallowing it)? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk". www.theguardian.com. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

unibe.ch

boris.unibe.ch

Schirrmeister, J.F.; Seger, R.K.; Altenburger, M.J.; Lussi, A.; Hellwig, E. (2007). "Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ". Caries Research. 41 (2): 108–14. doi:10.1159/000098043. PMID 17284911. S2CID 22686522.

usda.gov

fns.usda.gov

"Foods of Minimal Nutritional Value". www.fns.usda.gov. Appendix B of 7 CFR Part 210. Food and Nutrition Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2017.

web.archive.org

"Student dig unearths ancient gum" Archived 19 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine BBC.co.uk.
"History Of Chewing Gum" Archived 3 July 2011 at Wikiwix page of BeemarsGum.org Archived 8 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
"William F. Semple". Ohio History Central (maintained by the Ohio Historical Society). Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
"Benefits of flavor encapsulation" (PDF). Fona International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016.
Abd-El-Maeboud, KHI; Ibrahim, MI; Shalaby, DAA; Fikry, MF (2009). "Gum chewing stimulates early return of bowel motility after caesarean section". BJOG. 116 (10): 1334–39. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02225.x. PMID 19523094.
- Leah Zerbe (2 September 2009). "Chewing Gum Speeds Surgery Recovery". Rodale. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014.
- "Substance found in chewing gum could be labelled toxic". Canada.com. 30 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
- "B-schools ban chewing gum on campus". The Times of India. 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2010.

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

"History Of Chewing Gum" Archived 3 July 2011 at Wikiwix page of BeemarsGum.org Archived 8 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine.

wired.co.uk

Azhar, Azeem' (6 September 2021). "The Exponential Age will transform economics forever". Wired. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

worldcat.org

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Kekäläinen, Timo; Venäläinen, Tapani; Jänis, Janne (17 July 2014). "Characterization of Birch Wood Pyrolysis Oils by Ultrahigh-Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Insights into Thermochemical Conversion". Energy & Fuels. 28 (7): 4596–602. doi:10.1021/ef500849z. ISSN 0887-0624.
Dimas, Konstantinos S.; Pantazis, Panayotis; Ramanujam, Rama (1 October 2016). "Review: Chios mastic gum: a plant-produced resin exhibiting numerous diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical properties". In Vivo (Athens, Greece). 26 (5): 777–85. ISSN 1791-7549. PMID 22949590.
"Bursting the bubble: how gum lost its cool". The Economist. 26 July 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Davidson, J. M.; Linforth, R. S.; Hollowood, T. A.; Taylor, A. J. (1 October 1999). "Effect of sucrose on the perceived flavor intensity of chewing gum". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47 (10): 4336–40. doi:10.1021/jf9901082. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 10552812.
ALHumaid, Jehan; Bamashmous, Mohamed (2022). "Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Xylitol in Caries Prevention". Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 12 (2): 133–138. doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_164_21. ISSN 2231-0762. PMC 9022379. PMID 35462747.
Söderling, Eva; Pienihäkkinen, Kaisu (2022). "Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review". Clinical Oral Investigations. 26 (1): 119–129. doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04225-8. ISSN 1432-6981. PMC 8791908. PMID 34677696.