References analysis of the Wikipedia article "William McKinley" in the English version

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In 1896, some of McKinley's comrades lobbied for him to be belatedly awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery that day; Lieutenant General Nelson A. Miles was inclined to grant McKinley the award, but when the then-President-elect heard about the effort, he declined it. See Armstrong, pp. 38–41; Phillips, p. 21. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Leech, p. 4; Morgan, p. 2. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1.

Armstrong, pp. 4–6; Morgan, pp. 2–3; Phillips, p. 13. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 17–18; Armstrong, p. 8; Morgan, pp. 10–11. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1.

Phillips, p. 16; Leech, pp. 4–5. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Phillips, p. 20; Armstrong, p. 5. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, p. 6; Morgan, pp. 11–12. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1.

Armstrong, pp. 3–4; Phillips, pp. 20–21. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Armstrong, pp. 8–10. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 10–11. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 12–14. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 120–21; Armstrong, p. 14. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 15–16. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 125–26; Armstrong, pp. 18–22. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 22–23. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 128–30; Armstrong, pp. 24–25. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 25–29; Phillips, p. 21. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Hoogenboom, pp. 136–41; Armstrong, pp. 30–33. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 141–43; Armstrong, pp. 33–36. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 146–48; Armstrong, pp. 36–38. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 38–41; Phillips, p. 21. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Armstrong, pp. 43–44. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 44–45. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 157–58; Armstrong, pp. 47–55. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 162–64; Armstrong, p. 63–65. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 166–68; Armstrong, pp. 66–69. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 70–71. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 168–69; Armstrong, pp. 72–73. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 170–71; Armstrong, pp. 75–77. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 78–80. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Hoogenboom, pp. 172–73; Armstrong, pp. 80–82. Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 84–91. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 95–96. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 98–99. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 99–101. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

Armstrong, pp. 103–05. Armstrong, William H. (2000). Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-657-9.

McKinley, Taylor, Howe, 1886 McKinley, William; Taylor, Samuel M.; Howe, James C. (1886). Official roster of the soldiers of the state of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1866. Vol. X. Ohio. Roster Commission; Ohio. General Assembly; Ohio.

Morgan, pp. 31–33; Leech, pp. 12, 21. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, pp. 11–12. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Morgan, pp. 37–39; Leech, pp. 16–20. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, p. 20. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, p. 37. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, pp. 36–37; Phillips, pp. 42–44. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 60–61. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 27, 42–43. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, p. 27. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Jensen, pp. 150–51. Jensen, Richard (1971). The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-39825-9.

McKinley, p. 464. McKinley, William (1893). Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

Jensen, pp. 151–53. Jensen, Richard (1971). The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-39825-9.

Gould, p. 7. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Phillips, p. 67. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 69–70. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, p. 61. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Jones, p. 103. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Jones, p. 105. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Jones, pp. 119–25. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Jones, pp. 117–19. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Phillips, pp. 71–72. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 52, 81–82. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Cherny, pp. 55–56. Cherny, Robert W. (1994). A Righteous Cause: The Life of William Jennings Bryan. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2667-8.

Jones, p. 177. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Gould, pp. 10–11. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 85–87. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, pp. 88–89. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Jones, p. 285. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Jones, pp. 176–77. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Jones, p. 332. Jones, Stanley L. (1964). The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03094-0.

Kazin, p. 68. Kazin, Michael (2006). A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41135-9.

Phillips, p. 75. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Kazin, pp. 76–77. Kazin, Michael (2006). A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41135-9.

Phillips, pp. 73–77. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 207–08. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Gould, pp. 17–18. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Morgan, pp. 194–95, 285; Leech, pp. 152–53. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, p. 15; Horner, pp. 236–38. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Horner, William T. (2010). Ohio's Kingmaker: Mark Hanna, Man and Myth. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1894-9.

Gould, p. 14. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Phillips, p. 127. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Gould, pp. 16–17, 174–76. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 60. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, p. 148. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 65–66. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 68–70. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 71–72. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 74. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 171–72. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, p. 173; Gould, pp. 78–79. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 79–81. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 86–87. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 91–93. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 102–03. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 94; Leech, p. 191. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, pp. 203–07. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, p. 96. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 97–98. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 101. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 214–15. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 107–09. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 249–52. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 109–10. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 253–58. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 110–12. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 112–13. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 117. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 116. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 118–19. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 120–21. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 142–43. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 144–50; Morgan, p. 320. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1.

Gould, p. 48. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 49–50. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 98–99. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 201. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 220–22. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 233. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 196–98. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 44–45. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 45–46. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Nichols, p. 586; Gould, p. 46. Nichols, Jeannette P. (December 1933). "Silver Diplomacy". Political Science Quarterly. 48 (4): 565–88. doi:10.2307/2142930. JSTOR 2142930. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 169–71. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 153–54. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 155. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 156–57. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Bacote, pp. 235–37; Leech, p. 348. Bacote, Clarence A. (July 1959). "Negro officeholders in Georgia under President McKinley". The Journal of Negro History. 44 (3): 217–39. doi:10.2307/2716432. JSTOR 2716432. S2CID 150351395. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 159–60; Phillips, p. 149. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Gould, pp. 207–08. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 213–14. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 215–17. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Phillips, pp. 120–22. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Leech, pp. 531–33. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, p. 218. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Leech, pp. 540–42. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 219–20. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, pp. 226–27; Leech, pp. 543–44. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, pp. 227–28; Leech, pp. 544–46. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, pp. 549–57. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Gould, p. 228. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Gould, p. 229; Leech, p. 558. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, p. 559. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Miller, pp. 289–90. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Gould, pp. 247–49. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Miller, p. 294. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Miller, pp. 298–300. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Gould, pp. 250–51. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Miller, pp. 300–01. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Miller, pp. 301–02. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Leech, pp. 596–97; Miller, pp. 312–15. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Miller, pp. 315–17; Morgan, pp. 401–02. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1.

Leech, p. 599. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Leech, p. 600. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Miller, pp. 318–319. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Miller, pp. 319–320. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Miller, p. 320. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Leech, p. 601. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Miller, pp. 321–30. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Gould, p. 252. Gould, Lewis L. (1980). The Presidency of William McKinley. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0206-3.

Miller, p. 348. Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Leech, p. 602. Leech, Margaret (1959). In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper and Brothers. OCLC 456809. popular history.

Olcott, p. 388. Olcott, Charles (1916). The Life of William McKinley, 2 vol. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved March 23, 2012. the life of william mckinley olcutt. outdated but detailed

Phillips, p. 161. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 156–57. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, pp. 163–64. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, p. 154. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

Phillips, p. 99. Phillips, Kevin (2003). William McKinley. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6953-2. emphasis on voters

doi.org

Morgan, pp. 40–41; Weisenburger, pp. 78–80. Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). William McKinley and His America (revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-765-1. Weisenburger, Francis P. (June 1934). "The Time of Mark Hanna's First Acquaintance with McKinley". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 21 (1): 78–80. doi:10.2307/1896406. JSTOR 1896406.

Connolly, pp. 29–31. Connolly, Michael J. (2010). "'I Make Politics My Recreation': Vice President Garret A. Hobart and Nineteenth Century Republican Business Politics". New Jersey History. 125 (1): 29–31. doi:10.14713/njh.v125i1.1019.

Lafeber, p. 714. Lafeber, Walter (1986). "The 'Lion in the Path': The U.S. Emergence as a World Power". Political Science Quarterly. 101 (5): 705–18. doi:10.2307/2150973. JSTOR 2150973.

Bacote, p. 234. Bacote, Clarence A. (July 1959). "Negro officeholders in Georgia under President McKinley". The Journal of Negro History. 44 (3): 217–39. doi:10.2307/2716432. JSTOR 2716432. S2CID 150351395.

Nice, p. 448. Nice, David C. (September 1984). "The Influence of War and Party System Aging on the Ranking of Presidents". The Western Political Quarterly. 37 (3): 443–55. doi:10.2307/448445. JSTOR 448445.

Klinghard, pp. 736–60. Klinghard, Daniel P. (2005). "Grover Cleveland, William McKinley and the Emergence of the President as Party Leader". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 35 (4): 736–60. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00274.x. JSTOR 27552726.

Korzi, p. 281. Korzi, Michael J. (January 2004). "A New Migration of Political Forces: Party Decline and Presidential Leadership in Late Nineteenth-Century America". Polity. 36 (2): 251–82. doi:10.1086/POLv36n2ms3235481. JSTOR 3235481. S2CID 157657655.

jstor.org

Nick Kapur, "William McKinley's Values and the Origins of the Spanish‐American War: A Reinterpretation." Presidential Studies Quarterly 41.1 (2011): 18–38 online.

Lafeber, p. 714. Lafeber, Walter (1986). "The 'Lion in the Path': The U.S. Emergence as a World Power". Political Science Quarterly. 101 (5): 705–18. doi:10.2307/2150973. JSTOR 2150973.

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