Windscale fire (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Windscale fire" in English language version.

Last modified: 20:55:29, 19 October 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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3025worldcat.org

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257bbc.co.uk

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2214doi.org

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1816youtube.com

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1816ghostarchive.org

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188nih.gov

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136web.archive.org

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96adsabs.harvard.edu

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74semanticscholar.org

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72telegraph.co.uk

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62books.google.com

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31hse.gov.uk

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22iop.org

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21gov.uk

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21independent.co.uk

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11newspapers.com

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11iaea.org

1,135^th place

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11theengineer.co.uk

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11sciencedirect.com

137^th place

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11nytimes.com

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11theguardian.com

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11irpa.net

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11neimagazine.com

9,871^st place

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11bbcactivevideoforlearning.com

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wakeford, Richard (2007). "Editorial". J. Radiol. Prot. 27 (3): 211–215. Bibcode:2007JRP....27..211W. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/3/e02. PMID 17768324. S2CID 2115012.
McGeoghegan, D.; Whaley, S.; Binks, K.; Gillies, M.; Thompson, K.; McElvenny, D. M. (2010). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield workers known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident: 50 year follow-up". Journal of Radiological Protection. 30 (3): 407–431. Bibcode:2010JRP....30..407M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/30/3/001. PMID 20798473. S2CID 206023363.
McGeoghegan, D.; Binks, K. (2000). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield employees known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident". Journal of Radiological Protection. 20 (3): 261–274. Bibcode:2000JRP....20..261M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/20/3/301. PMID 11008931. S2CID 250751210.
Geoff Brumfiel (25 October 2011). "Fallout forensics hike radiation toll". Nature. 478 (7370): 435–436. Bibcode:2011Natur.478..435B. doi:10.1038/478435a. PMID 22031411.
Garland, J. A.; Wakeford, R. (June 2007). "Atmospheric emissions from the Windscale accident of October 1957". Atmospheric Environment. 41 (18): 3904–3920. Bibcode:2007AtmEn..41.3904G. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.049.
A. Preston, J. W. R. Dutton & B. R. Harvey (18 May 1968). "Detection, Estimation and Radiological Significance of Silver-110m in Oysters in the Irish Sea and the Blackwater Estuary". Nature. 218 (5142): 689–690. Bibcode:1968Natur.218..689P. doi:10.1038/218689a0. S2CID 4205987.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

Richard Black (18 March 2011). "Fukushima – disaster or distraction?". BBC News. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
Leatherdale, Duncan (4 November 2014). "Windscale Piles: Cockcroft's Follies avoided nuclear disaster". BBC News. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
BBC (1999). "Disaster – The Windscale Fire" (TV Documentary). Series 3: BBC Two.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
"The view from outside Windscale in 1957". BBC. 2 October 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

news.bbc.co.uk

Morelle, Rebecca (6 October 2007). "Windscale fallout underestimated". BBC News.
Paul Dwyer (5 October 2007). "Windscale: A nuclear disaster". BBC News.
"Proceedings into the fire at Windscale Pile Number One (1989 revised transcript of the "Penney Report")" (PDF). UKAEA. 18 April 1989.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"How Kraftwerk's radical 1976 track Radioactivity became an anti-nuclear anthem". BBC Culture. Retrieved 19 October 2026.

bbcactivevideoforlearning.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Disaster – Series 3". bbcactivevideoforlearning.com. 1999. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2011.

bfi.org.uk (Global: 239^th place; English: 131^st place)

"Our Reactor is on Fire (1990)". The BFI. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Morgan, Kenneth O. (2001). Britain Since 1945: The People's Peace (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 180. ISBN 0191587990.
John R. Cooper; Keith Randle; Ranjeet S. Sokhi (2003). Radioactive releases in the environment: impact and assessment. Wiley. p. 150. ISBN 978-0471899235.. Citing: M. J. Crick; G. S. Linsley (1984). "An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. 46 (5). National Emergency Training Center: 479–506. doi:10.1080/09553008414551711. ISBN 978-0859511827. PMID 6335136.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

damninteresting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gerry Matlack (7 May 2007). "The Windscale Disaster".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wakeford, Richard (2007). "Editorial". J. Radiol. Prot. 27 (3): 211–215. Bibcode:2007JRP....27..211W. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/3/e02. PMID 17768324. S2CID 2115012.
McNally, Richard J. Q.; Wakeford, Richard; Bunch, Kathryn J.; Hayes, Louise; Vernon, Sally; Jeffrey, Polly-Anne; Paley, Lizz; Elliott, Alex (1 November 2024). "Thyroid cancer incidence in cohorts exposed in childhood to 131I released during the Windscale nuclear reactor accident at Sellafield, England, in 1957". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 63 (4): 491–503. doi:10.1007/s00411-024-01087-y. ISSN 1432-2099. PMC 11588877. PMID 39150515.
Jones, Steve (2016). "Health effects of the Windscale Pile fire". Journal of Radiological Protection. 36 (4): E23–E25. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/E23. ISSN 0952-4746.
McGeoghegan, D.; Whaley, S.; Binks, K.; Gillies, M.; Thompson, K.; McElvenny, D. M. (2010). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield workers known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident: 50 year follow-up". Journal of Radiological Protection. 30 (3): 407–431. Bibcode:2010JRP....30..407M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/30/3/001. PMID 20798473. S2CID 206023363.
McGeoghegan, D.; Binks, K. (2000). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield employees known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident". Journal of Radiological Protection. 20 (3): 261–274. Bibcode:2000JRP....20..261M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/20/3/301. PMID 11008931. S2CID 250751210.
Goldberg 1964, p. 410. Goldberg, Alfred (July 1964). "The Atomic Origins of the British Nuclear Deterrent". International Affairs. 40 (3): 409–429. doi:10.2307/2610825. JSTOR 2610825.
Goldberg 1964, p. 417. Goldberg, Alfred (July 1964). "The Atomic Origins of the British Nuclear Deterrent". International Affairs. 40 (3): 409–429. doi:10.2307/2610825. JSTOR 2610825.
M.R.StJ. Foreman, Reactor accident chemistry an update, Cogent Chemistry, 2018, volume 4, 1450944, doi:10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944
John R. Cooper; Keith Randle; Ranjeet S. Sokhi (2003). Radioactive releases in the environment: impact and assessment. Wiley. p. 150. ISBN 978-0471899235.. Citing: M. J. Crick; G. S. Linsley (1984). "An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. 46 (5). National Emergency Training Center: 479–506. doi:10.1080/09553008414551711. ISBN 978-0859511827. PMID 6335136.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Geoff Brumfiel (25 October 2011). "Fallout forensics hike radiation toll". Nature. 478 (7370): 435–436. Bibcode:2011Natur.478..435B. doi:10.1038/478435a. PMID 22031411.
Garland, J. A.; Wakeford, R. (June 2007). "Atmospheric emissions from the Windscale accident of October 1957". Atmospheric Environment. 41 (18): 3904–3920. Bibcode:2007AtmEn..41.3904G. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.049.
McNally, Richard J Q; Wakeford, Richard; James, Peter W; Basta, Nermine O; Alston, Robert D; Pearce, Mark S; Elliott, Alex T (2016). "A geographical study of thyroid cancer incidence in north-west England following the Windscale nuclear reactor fire of 1957". Journal of Radiological Protection. 36 (4): 934–952. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/934. ISSN 0952-4746.
A. Preston, J. W. R. Dutton & B. R. Harvey (18 May 1968). "Detection, Estimation and Radiological Significance of Silver-110m in Oysters in the Irish Sea and the Blackwater Estuary". Nature. 218 (5142): 689–690. Bibcode:1968Natur.218..689P. doi:10.1038/218689a0. S2CID 4205987.
Crick, MJ; Linsley GS (November 1984). "An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957". Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 46 (5): 479–506. doi:10.1080/09553008414551711. PMID 6335136.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Windscale, 19:15. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 19:50. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 22:15. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 22:30. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 42.35. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 41.10. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 41.45. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 46.20. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 49:45. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 57:20. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 58:20. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 59:00. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 1:00:30. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 1:02:00. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 1:03:00. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Windscale, 1:10:30. Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster. BBC. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (30 September 2016). COMARE 17th Report Further consideration of the incidence of cancers around the nuclear installations at Sellafield and Dounreay. Public Health England. ISBN 978-0-85951-785-0.

hse.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,559^th place)

"Meeting of RG2 with Windscale Pile 1 Decommissioning Project Team" (PDF). Nuclear Safety Advisory Committee. 29 September 2005. NuSAC(2005)P 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008. Inspections have shown that there was NOT a graphite fire: damage to graphite, caused by severely overheated fuel assemblies, was localised.

iaea.org (Global: 1,135^th place; English: 1,124^th place)

W. Botzem, J. Wörner (NUKEM Nuklear GmbH, Alzenau, Germany) (14 June 2001). "Inert Annealing of Irradiated Graphite by Inductive Heating" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Windscale Manager who doused the flames of 1957 fire – Obituary in The Independent". London. 26 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

iopscience.iop.org

Jones, Steve (2016). "Health effects of the Windscale Pile fire". Journal of Radiological Protection. 36 (4): E23–E25. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/E23. ISSN 0952-4746.
McNally, Richard J Q; Wakeford, Richard; James, Peter W; Basta, Nermine O; Alston, Robert D; Pearce, Mark S; Elliott, Alex T (2016). "A geographical study of thyroid cancer incidence in north-west England following the Windscale nuclear reactor fire of 1957". Journal of Radiological Protection. 36 (4): 934–952. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/934. ISSN 0952-4746.

irpa.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Details of the levels and nature of the radioactivity remaining in the core can be seen at D.G. Pomfret (2000). "Safety and Dose Management During Decommissioning of a Fire Damaged Nuclear Reactor" (PDF). IRPA-10 Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association on Harmonization of Radiation, Human Life and the Ecosystem. Table 1, p. 6.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Goldberg 1964, p. 410. Goldberg, Alfred (July 1964). "The Atomic Origins of the British Nuclear Deterrent". International Affairs. 40 (3): 409–429. doi:10.2307/2610825. JSTOR 2610825.
Goldberg 1964, p. 417. Goldberg, Alfred (July 1964). "The Atomic Origins of the British Nuclear Deterrent". International Affairs. 40 (3): 409–429. doi:10.2307/2610825. JSTOR 2610825.

neimagazine.com (Global: 9,871^st place; English: 6,390^th place)

"When Windscale burned". www.neimagazine.com. Nuclear Engineering International. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

"Info withheld on nuclear accident, papers show". The Index-Journal. Greenwood, South Carolina. 3 January 1989. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wakeford, Richard (2007). "Editorial". J. Radiol. Prot. 27 (3): 211–215. Bibcode:2007JRP....27..211W. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/3/e02. PMID 17768324. S2CID 2115012.
McNally, Richard J. Q.; Wakeford, Richard; Bunch, Kathryn J.; Hayes, Louise; Vernon, Sally; Jeffrey, Polly-Anne; Paley, Lizz; Elliott, Alex (1 November 2024). "Thyroid cancer incidence in cohorts exposed in childhood to 131I released during the Windscale nuclear reactor accident at Sellafield, England, in 1957". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 63 (4): 491–503. doi:10.1007/s00411-024-01087-y. ISSN 1432-2099. PMC 11588877. PMID 39150515.
McGeoghegan, D.; Whaley, S.; Binks, K.; Gillies, M.; Thompson, K.; McElvenny, D. M. (2010). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield workers known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident: 50 year follow-up". Journal of Radiological Protection. 30 (3): 407–431. Bibcode:2010JRP....30..407M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/30/3/001. PMID 20798473. S2CID 206023363.
McGeoghegan, D.; Binks, K. (2000). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield employees known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident". Journal of Radiological Protection. 20 (3): 261–274. Bibcode:2000JRP....20..261M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/20/3/301. PMID 11008931. S2CID 250751210.
John R. Cooper; Keith Randle; Ranjeet S. Sokhi (2003). Radioactive releases in the environment: impact and assessment. Wiley. p. 150. ISBN 978-0471899235.. Citing: M. J. Crick; G. S. Linsley (1984). "An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. 46 (5). National Emergency Training Center: 479–506. doi:10.1080/09553008414551711. ISBN 978-0859511827. PMID 6335136.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Geoff Brumfiel (25 October 2011). "Fallout forensics hike radiation toll". Nature. 478 (7370): 435–436. Bibcode:2011Natur.478..435B. doi:10.1038/478435a. PMID 22031411.
Crick, MJ; Linsley GS (November 1984). "An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957". Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 46 (5): 479–506. doi:10.1080/09553008414551711. PMID 6335136.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McNally, Richard J. Q.; Wakeford, Richard; Bunch, Kathryn J.; Hayes, Louise; Vernon, Sally; Jeffrey, Polly-Anne; Paley, Lizz; Elliott, Alex (1 November 2024). "Thyroid cancer incidence in cohorts exposed in childhood to 131I released during the Windscale nuclear reactor accident at Sellafield, England, in 1957". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 63 (4): 491–503. doi:10.1007/s00411-024-01087-y. ISSN 1432-2099. PMC 11588877. PMID 39150515.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Lohr, Steve (2 January 1988). "Britain Suppressed Details of '57 Atomic Disaster". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 July 2020.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Garland, J. A.; Wakeford, R. (June 2007). "Atmospheric emissions from the Windscale accident of October 1957". Atmospheric Environment. 41 (18): 3904–3920. Bibcode:2007AtmEn..41.3904G. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.049.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Wakeford, Richard (2007). "Editorial". J. Radiol. Prot. 27 (3): 211–215. Bibcode:2007JRP....27..211W. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/3/e02. PMID 17768324. S2CID 2115012.
McGeoghegan, D.; Whaley, S.; Binks, K.; Gillies, M.; Thompson, K.; McElvenny, D. M. (2010). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield workers known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident: 50 year follow-up". Journal of Radiological Protection. 30 (3): 407–431. Bibcode:2010JRP....30..407M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/30/3/001. PMID 20798473. S2CID 206023363.
McGeoghegan, D.; Binks, K. (2000). "Mortality and cancer registration experience of the Sellafield employees known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident". Journal of Radiological Protection. 20 (3): 261–274. Bibcode:2000JRP....20..261M. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/20/3/301. PMID 11008931. S2CID 250751210.
A. Preston, J. W. R. Dutton & B. R. Harvey (18 May 1968). "Detection, Estimation and Radiological Significance of Silver-110m in Oysters in the Irish Sea and the Blackwater Estuary". Nature. 218 (5142): 689–690. Bibcode:1968Natur.218..689P. doi:10.1038/218689a0. S2CID 4205987.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Highfield, Roger (9 October 2007). "Windscale fire: 'We were too busy to panic'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
"Tom Tuohy". www.telegraph.co.uk. 26 March 2008.

theengineer.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Getting to the core issue Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine", The Engineer, 14 May 2004.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Brown, Paul (26 August 1999). "Windscale's terrible legacy". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Highfield, Roger (9 October 2007). "Windscale fire: 'We were too busy to panic'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
"Getting to the core issue Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine", The Engineer, 14 May 2004.
"Meeting of RG2 with Windscale Pile 1 Decommissioning Project Team" (PDF). Nuclear Safety Advisory Committee. 29 September 2005. NuSAC(2005)P 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008. Inspections have shown that there was NOT a graphite fire: damage to graphite, caused by severely overheated fuel assemblies, was localised.
"When Windscale burned". www.neimagazine.com. Nuclear Engineering International. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
"Our Reactor is on Fire (1990)". The BFI. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
"Disaster – Series 3". bbcactivevideoforlearning.com. 1999. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2011.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

McNally, Richard J. Q.; Wakeford, Richard; Bunch, Kathryn J.; Hayes, Louise; Vernon, Sally; Jeffrey, Polly-Anne; Paley, Lizz; Elliott, Alex (1 November 2024). "Thyroid cancer incidence in cohorts exposed in childhood to 131I released during the Windscale nuclear reactor accident at Sellafield, England, in 1957". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 63 (4): 491–503. doi:10.1007/s00411-024-01087-y. ISSN 1432-2099. PMC 11588877. PMID 39150515.
Jones, Steve (2016). "Health effects of the Windscale Pile fire". Journal of Radiological Protection. 36 (4): E23–E25. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/E23. ISSN 0952-4746.
Gowing 1964, pp. 23–29. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing 1964, pp. 39–41. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing 1964, pp. 108–111. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing 1964, pp. 173–177. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing 1964, pp. 236–239. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing 1964, p. 242. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, p. 93. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, p. 111. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, pp. 106–108. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing 1964, pp. 94–95. Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, pp. 181–184. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, p. 21. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Baylis & Stoddart 2015, p. 32. Baylis, John; Stoddart, Kristan (2015). The British Nuclear Experience: The Roles of Beliefs, Culture and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198702023. OCLC 900506637.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, pp. 40–43. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, p. 41. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Gowing & Arnold 1974b, pp. 370–371. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974b). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 2, Policy and Execution. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333166956. OCLC 946341039.
Gowing & Arnold 1974b, pp. 400–407. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974b). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 2, Policy and Execution. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333166956. OCLC 946341039.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, p. 216. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
Cathcart 1995, pp. 24, 48, 57. Cathcart, Brian (1995). Test of Greatness: Britain's Struggle for the Atom Bomb. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0719552250. OCLC 31241690.
Gowing & Arnold 1974b, p. 500. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974b). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 2, Policy and Execution. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333166956. OCLC 946341039.
Gowing & Arnold 1974a, pp. 10–12. Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974a). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Vol. 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333157817. OCLC 611555258.
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Windscale fire (English Wikipedia)

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