Wolf (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Wolf" in English language version.

Last modified: 16:55:55, 23 September 2026 (UTC)

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Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Dobrynin, Pavel; Makunin, Alexey; Cahill, James A.; Shapiro, Beth; Álvares, Francisco; Brito, José C.; Geffen, Eli; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Johnson, Warren E.; o'Brien, Stephen J.; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K. (2015). "Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species". Current Biology. 25 (#16): 2158–65. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2158K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. PMID 26234211.
Iurino, Dawid A.; Mecozzi, Beniamino; Iannucci, Alessio; Moscarella, Alfio; Strani, Flavia; Bona, Fabio; Gaeta, Mario; Sardella, Raffaele (February 25, 2022). "A Middle Pleistocene wolf from central Italy provides insights on the first occurrence of Canis lupus in Europe". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 2882. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.2882I. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06812-5. PMC 8881584. PMID 35217686.
Skoglund, Pontus; Ersmark, Erik; Palkopoulou, Eleftheria; Dalén, Love (2015). "Ancient Wolf Genome Reveals an Early Divergence of Domestic Dog Ancestors and Admixture into High-Latitude Breeds". Current Biology. 25 (11): 1515–1519. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.1515S. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.019. PMID 26004765.
Hennelly, Lauren M.; Habib, Bilal; Modi, Shrushti; Rueness, Eli K.; Gaubert, Philippe; Sacks, Benjamin N. (2021). "Ancient divergence of Indian and Tibetan wolves revealed by recombination-aware phylogenomics". Molecular Ecology. 30 (24): 6687–6700. Bibcode:2021MolEc..30.6687H. doi:10.1111/mec.16127. PMID 34398980.
Bergström, Anders; Stanton, David W. G.; Taron, Ulrike H.; Frantz, Laurent; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ersmark, Erik; Pfrengle, Saskia; Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly; Lebrasseur, Ophélie; Girdland-Flink, Linus; Fernandes, Daniel M.; Ollivier, Morgane; Speidel, Leo; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Westbury, Michael V. (July 14, 2022). "Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs". Nature. 607 (7918): 313–320. Bibcode:2022Natur.607..313B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9. PMC 9279150. PMID 35768506.
Loog, Liisa; Thalmann, Olaf; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Schuenemann, Verena J.; Perri, Angela; Germonpré, Mietje; Bocherens, Herve; Witt, Kelsey E.; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Velasco, Marcela S.; Lundstrøm, Inge K. C.; Wales, Nathan; Sonet, Gontran; Frantz, Laurent; Schroeder, Hannes (May 2020). "Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a Late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia". Molecular Ecology. 29 (9): 1596–1610. Bibcode:2020MolEc..29.1596L. doi:10.1111/mec.15329. PMC 7317801. PMID 31840921.
Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Niemann, Jonas; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Carøe, Christian; Montero, Marc de Manuel; Kuderna, Lukas; Serres, Aitor; González-Basallote, Víctor Manuel; Liu, Yan-Hu; Wang, Guo-Dong; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Mirarab, Siavash; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaubert, Philippe; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Budd, Jane; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Øystein; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2018). "Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis". Current Biology. 28 (21): 3441–3449.e5. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E3441G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041. PMC 6224481. PMID 30344120.
Wang, Guo-Dong; Zhang, Ming; Wang, Xuan; Yang, Melinda A.; Cao, Peng; Liu, Feng; Lu, Heng; Feng, Xiaotian; Skoglund, Pontus; Wang, Lu; Fu, Qiaomei; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019). "Genomic Approaches Reveal an Endemic Subpopulation of Gray Wolves in Southern China". iScience. 20: 110–118. Bibcode:2019iSci...20..110W. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.008. PMC 6817678. PMID 31563851.
Iacolina, Laura; Scandura, Massimo; Gazzola, Andrea; Cappai, Nadia; Capitani, Claudia; Mattioli, Luca; Vercillo, Francesca; Apollonio, Marco (2010). "Y-chromosome microsatellite variation in Italian wolves: A contribution to the study of wolf-dog hybridization patterns". Mammalian Biology—Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 75 (4): 341–347. Bibcode:2010MamBi..75..341I. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.02.004.
Bergström, Anders; Frantz, Laurent; Schmidt, Ryan; Ersmark, Erik; Lebrasseur, Ophelie; Girdland-Flink, Linus; Lin, Audrey T.; Storå, Jan; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Anthony, David; Antipina, Ekaterina; Amiri, Sarieh; Bar-Oz, Guy; Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I.; Bulatović, Jelena; Brown, Dorcas; Carmagnini, Alberto; Davy, Tom; Fedorov, Sergey; Fiore, Ivana; Fulton, Deirdre; Germonpré, Mietje; Haile, James; Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Jamieson, Alexandra; Janssens, Luc; Kirillova, Irina; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Kuzmanovic-Cvetković, Julka; Kuzmin, Yaroslav; Losey, Robert J.; Dizdar, Daria Ložnjak; Mashkour, Marjan; Novak, Mario; Onar, Vedat; Orton, David; Pasaric, Maja; Radivojevic, Miljana; Rajkovic, Dragana; Roberts, Benjamin; Ryan, Hannah; Sablin, Mikhail; Shidlovskiy, Fedor; Stojanovic, Ivana; Tagliacozzo, Antonio; Trantalidou, Katerina; Ullén, Inga; Villaluenga, Aritza; Wapnish, Paula; Dobney, Keith; Götherström, Anders; Linderholm, Anna; Dalén, Love; Pinhasi, Ron; Larson, Greger; Skoglund, Pontus (2020). "Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs". Science. 370 (6516): 557–564. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..557B. doi:10.1126/science.aba9572. PMC 7116352. PMID 33122379.
Mech, L. David (1974). "Canis lupus". Mammalian Species (37): 1–6. Bibcode:1974MamSp..37....1M. doi:10.2307/3503924. JSTOR 3503924. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
Therrien, F. O. (2005). "Mandibular force profiles of extant carnivorans and implications for the feeding behaviour of extinct predators". Journal of Zoology. 267 (3): 249–270. Bibcode:2005JZoo..267..249T. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007430.
Anderson, T. M.; Vonholdt, B. M.; Candille, S. I.; Musiani, M.; Greco, C.; Stahler, D. R.; Smith, D. W.; Padhukasahasram, B.; Randi, E.; Leonard, J. A.; Bustamante, C. D.; Ostrander, E. A.; Tang, H.; Wayne, R. K.; Barsh, G. S. (2009). "Molecular and Evolutionary History of Melanism in North American Gray Wolves". Science. 323 (5919): 1339–1343. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1339A. doi:10.1126/science.1165448. PMC 2903542. PMID 19197024.
Hedrick, P. W. (2009). "Wolf of a different colour". Heredity. 103 (6): 435–436. Bibcode:2009Hered.103..435H. doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.77. PMID 19603061.
Earle, M (1987). "A flexible body mass in social carnivores". American Naturalist. 129 (5): 755–760. Bibcode:1987ANat..129..755E. doi:10.1086/284670.
Sorkin, Boris (2008). "A biomechanical constraint on body mass in terrestrial mammalian predators". Lethaia. 41 (4): 333–347. Bibcode:2008Letha..41..333S. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00091.x.
Newsome, Thomas M.; Boitani, Luigi; Chapron, Guillaume; Ciucci, Paolo; Dickman, Christopher R.; Dellinger, Justin A.; López-Bao, José V.; Peterson, Rolf O.; Shores, Carolyn R.; Wirsing, Aaron J.; Ripple, William J. (2016). "Food habits of the world's grey wolves". Mammal Review. 46 (4): 255–269. Bibcode:2016MamRv..46..255N. doi:10.1111/mam.12067. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30085823.
Landry, Zoe; Kim, Sora; Trayler, Robin B.; Gilbert, Marisa; Zazula, Grant; Southon, John; Fraser, Danielle (June 1, 2021). "Dietary reconstruction and evidence of prey shifting in Pleistocene and recent gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571 110368. Bibcode:2021PPP...57110368L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368.
Gable, T. D.; Windels, S. K.; Homkes, A. T. (2018). "Do wolves hunt freshwater fish in spring as a food source?". Mammalian Biology. 91: 30–33. Bibcode:2018MamBi..91...30G. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.007.
Molnar, B.; Fattebert, J.; Palme, R.; Ciucci, P.; Betschart, B.; Smith, D. W.; Diehl, P. (2015). "Environmental and intrinsic correlates of stress in free-ranging wolves". PLOS ONE. 10 (9). e0137378. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1037378M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137378. PMC 4580640. PMID 26398784.
Jędrzejewski, W. O.; Schmidt, K.; Theuerkauf, J. R.; Jędrzejewska, B. A.; Kowalczyk, R. (2007). "Territory size of wolves Canis lupus: Linking local (Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland) and Holarctic-scale patterns". Ecography. 30 (1): 66–76. Bibcode:2007Ecogr..30...66J. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04826.x.
Mech, L. D. (1977). "Wolf-Pack Buffer Zones as Prey Reservoirs". Science. 198 (4314): 320–321. Bibcode:1977Sci...198..320M. doi:10.1126/science.198.4314.320. PMID 17770508.
Peters, R. P.; Mech, L. D. (1975). "Scent-marking in wolves". American Scientist. 63 (6): 628–637. Bibcode:1975AmSci..63..628P. PMID 1200478.
MacNulty, Daniel; Mech, L. David; Smith, Douglas W. (2007). "A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf". Journal of Mammalogy. 88 (3): 595–605. Bibcode:2007JMamm..88..595M. doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1.
Artelle, Kyle A.; Paquet, Paul C. (2025). "Potential Tool Use by Wolves (Canis lupus): Crab Trap Pulling in Haíɫzaqv Nation Territory". Ecology and Evolution. 15 (11) e72348. Bibcode:2025EcoEv..1572348A. doi:10.1002/ece3.72348. PMC 12622305. PMID 41255940.
Kabir, Muhammad; Hameed, Shoaib; Ali, Hussain; Bosso, Luciano; Din, Jaffar Ud; Bischof, Richard; Redpath, Steve; Nawaz, Muhammad Ali (November 9, 2017). "Habitat suitability and movement corridors of grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Northern Pakistan". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187027. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287027K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187027. PMC 5679527. PMID 29121089. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Yadvendradev, V. Jhala; Giles, Robert H. Jr. (991). "The Status and Conservation of the Wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India". Conservation Biology. 5 (4). Wiley: 476–483. Bibcode:1991ConBi...5..476J. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00354.x. JSTOR 2386069.
Sharma, Lalit Kumar; Mukherjee, Tanoy; Saren, Phakir Chandra; Chandra, Kailash (2019). "Identifying suitable habitat and corridors for Indian Grey Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) in Chotta Nagpur Plateau and Lower Gangetic Planes: A species with differential management needs". PLOS ONE. 14 (4) e0215019. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1415019S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215019. PMC 6457547. PMID 30969994.
Xu, Yu; Yang, Biao; Dou, Liang (2015). "Local villagers' perceptions of wolves in Jiuzhaigou County, western China". PeerJ. 3 e982. Bibcode:2015PeerJ...3.e982X. doi:10.7717/peerj.982. PMC 4465947. PMID 26082870.
Creel, S.; Fox, J. E.; Hardy, A.; Sands, J.; Garrott, B.; Peterson, R. O. (2002). "Snowmobile activity and glucocorticoid stress responses in wolves and elk". Conservation Biology. 16 (3): 809–814. Bibcode:2002ConBi..16..809C. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00554.x.
Lescureux, Nicolas; Linnell, John D. C. (2014). "Warring brothers: The complex interactions between wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) in a conservation context". Biological Conservation. 171: 232–245. Bibcode:2014BCons.171..232L. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.032.

alaska.gov (Global: 3,661^st place; English: 2,026^th place)

adfg.alaska.gov

Woodford, Riley (November 2004). "Alaska's Salmon-Eating Wolves". Wildlifenews.alaska.gov. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
State of Alaska (October 29, 2019). "Wolf Hunting in Alaska". Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Linnæus, Carl (1758). "Canis Lupus". Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (10 ed.). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. pp. 39–40.
Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1995). "2-Origins of the dog". In Serpell, James (ed.). The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–20. ISBN 0-521-41529-2.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 129–132. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 166. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 164–270. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Paquet, P.; Carbyn, L. W. (2003). "Ch23: Gray wolf Canis lupus and allies". In Feldhamer, G. A.; Thompson, B. C.; Chapman, J. A. (eds.). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation (2 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 482–510. ISBN 0-8018-7416-5.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 174. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 168–169. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 168. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Mech, L. David (1966). The Wolves of Isle Royale. Fauna Series 7. Fauna of the National Parks of the United States. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-1-4102-0249-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 213–231. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Sunquist, Melvin E.; Sunquist, Fiona (2002). Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press. p. 167. ISBN 0-226-77999-8.
Nowak, R. M.; Paradiso, J. L. (1983). "Carnivora;Canidae". Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 953. ISBN 978-0-8018-2525-5.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 248. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 234–238. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, pp. 249–254. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Fox, M. W. (1978). The Dog: Its Domestication and Behavior. Garland STPM. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-89464-202-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 233. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 240. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Nie, M. A. (2003). Beyond Wolves: The Politics of Wolf Recovery and Management. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-8166-3978-7.
Heptner & Naumov 1998, p. 267. Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998). Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears). Science Publishers, Inc. USA. ISBN 978-1-886106-81-9.
Roosevelt, Theodore (1909). Hunting the grisly and other sketches; an account of the big game of the United States and its chase with horse, hound, and rifle. G. P. Putnam's sons. pp. 179–207. Retrieved May 14, 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Young, Stanley P.; Goldman, Edward A. (1944). The Wolves of North America, Part I. New York, Dover Publications, Inc. p. 390.
Marvin 2012, pp. 74–75. Marvin, Garry (2012). Wolf. Reaktion Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-86189-879-1.
Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1995). "2-Origins of the dog". In Serpell, James (ed.). The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–20. ISBN 0-521-41529-2.
Mech & Boitani 2003, pp. 239–245. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech 1981, p. 13. Mech, L. David (1981). The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1026-6.
Mech 1981, p. 14. Mech, L. David (1981). The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1026-6.
Mech & Boitani 2003, p. 112. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Lopez 1978, p. 23. Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves and Men. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited. ISBN 978-0-7432-4936-2.
Miklosi, A. (2015). "Ch. 5.5.2—Wolves". Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 110–112. ISBN 978-0-19-104572-1.
Macdonald, D. W.; Norris, S. (2001). Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7607-1969-5.
Lopez 1978, p. 19. Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves and Men. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited. ISBN 978-0-7432-4936-2.
Lopez 1978, p. 18. Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves and Men. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited. ISBN 978-0-7432-4936-2.
Lopez 1978, pp. 19–20. Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves and Men. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited. ISBN 978-0-7432-4936-2.
Lopez 1978, p. 22. Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves and Men. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited. ISBN 978-0-7432-4936-2.
Mech & Boitani 2003, p. 107. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech & Boitani 2003, pp. 109–110. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech 1981, p. 172. Mech, L. David (1981). The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1026-6.
Mech & Boitani 2003, p. 201. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
McAllister, I. (2007). The Last Wild Wolves: Ghosts of the Rain Forest. University of California Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-520-25473-2.
Fuller, T. K. (2019). "Ch3-What wolves eat". Wolves: Spirit of the Wild. Chartwell Crestline. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7858-3738-1.
Mech & Boitani 2003, p. 109. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech 1981, p. 180. Mech, L. David (1981). The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1026-6.
Mech & Boitani 2003, pp. 266–268. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech & Boitani 2003, p. 269. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
Mech & Boitani 2003, pp. 261–263. Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7.
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