World Chess Championship 2021 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "World Chess Championship 2021" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

70web.archive.org

1^st place

21chess.com

2,016^th place

1,283^rd place

13chessbase.com

1,818^th place

1,271^st place

12fide.com

997^th place

861^st place

9chess24.com

6,552^nd place

4,250^th place

5theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

2fivethirtyeight.com

2,031^st place

1,171^st place

2chessgames.com

2,164^th place

1,605^th place

2twitter.com

23^rd place

32^nd place

1ruchess.ru

low place

1fideworldchampionship.com

low place

1squarespace.com

2,953^rd place

1,823^rd place

1norwaychess.no

low place

1instagram.com

86^th place

85^th place

1pussthecat.org

low place

9,916^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1thehindu.com

52^nd place

35^th place

chess.com

Doggers, Peter (2020-06-29). "World Chess Championship Match Postponed To 2021". Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
"World Chess Championship 2021: Carlsen vs Nepomniachtchi". Chess.com. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"Stavanger, Norway Withdraws 2020 World Champs Bid After Carlsen Pressure". chess.com. 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
Nepomniachtchi Can't Play Carlsen Under Russian Flag Archived 2021-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, April 30, 2021
Doggers, Peter (2021-12-01). "FIDE World Chess Championship Game 1: Nepo Impresses Under Pressure". Chess.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
"FIDE World Championship G1: Nepo Impresses Under Pressure". chess.com. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
FIDE World Chess Championship Game 2: Adventurous Carlsen Scrambles For Draw Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 27/11/2021.
"FIDE World Chess Championship Game 2: Adventurous Carlsen Scrambles For Draw". chess.com. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
"FIDE World Chess Championship Game 3: Magnus Bulletproof With Black". chess.com. 28 November 2021. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
"Nepo Holds Carlsen With Petroff In Game 4 FIDE World Chess Championship". chess.com. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
Carlsen Defends Passively To Draw Game 5 FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Chess.com, 01/12/2021.
"BREAKING: Carlsen Wins Game 6, Longest World Chess Championship Game Of All Time". Chess.com. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
"Confident Carlsen Equalizes Easily In FIDE World Chess Championship Game 7". chess.com. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Carlsen Wins Game 8 As Nepo Falters In FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, 5 December 2021
BREAKING: Carlsen On Verge Of Retaining Title As Nepo Blunders Piece Archived 2021-12-07 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, 7 December 2021
Peter Doggers (and annotations by Sam Shakland), Carlsen One Win From Victory After Drawing FIDE World Chess Championship Game 10 Archived 2021-12-09 at the Wayback Machine, chess.com, 8 December 2021
"Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
"Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". chess.com. 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
Doggers, Peter (2021-12-10). "Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". chess.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
"BREAKING: Carlsen Might Only Defend Title Vs. Firouzja". Archived from the original on 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Doggers, Peter (2022-07-20). "BREAKING: Carlsen Not To Defend World Title". Chess.com. Retrieved 2022-07-20.

chess24.com

"MVL to play the Candidates instead of Radjabov". chess24.com. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
Hamburg GP starts as Candidates race heats up Archived 2021-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 5 November 2019
FIDE scrambles to replace Nepo's flag before start of play Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Leon Watson, chess24.com, 26 November 2021
McGourty, Colin (2021-12-10). "Magnus Carlsen wins 5th World Championship title". chess24.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
Dubov hits back at accusations of betrayal Archived 2021-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, December 12, 2021
""Ian is a bit more aggressive!": Carlsen and Nepo's 1st press conference". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
Carlsen-Nepo, 1: Fierce battle ends in draw Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 27/11/2021.
Carlsen-Nepo 9: Nepo crashes as Magnus closes on 5th title Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, December 8, 2021
"Magnus Carlsen wins 5th World Championship title". chess24.com. 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.

chessbase.com

en.chessbase.com

FIDE updates and the World Championship cycle Archived 2021-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, April 26, 2019
Colodro, Carlos Alberto (18 September 2021). "Carlsen wins Norway Chess, Firouzja shines". Chessbase. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
"Vienna vies for 2020 World Championship". chessbase.com. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
World Championship match almost certain to take place in Dubai Archived 2021-04-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, 2/29/2020
Sagar and Amruta in Dubai: Day 2 impressions Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, ChessBase, 27/11/2021.
"World Championship Game 2: Sharp Catalan ends drawn". Chessbase. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
"World Championship Game 4: Hesitant birthday boy". chessbase. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
World Championship Game 6: Carlsen wins marathon Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, December 3, 2021
"Carlsen vs. Nepomniachtchi - Game 8 Live!". Chessbase. 5 December 2021. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Carlos Alberto Colodro (and Anish Giri), World Championship Game 8: Nepomniachtchi self-destructs Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, 5 December 2021
World Championship: Game 9 annotated by Wesley So Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, December 8, 2021
""One clear win and already tired of winning?" - An interview with Anatoly Karpov". Chessbase. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
The new FIDE World Ranking List: January 2022 Archived 2022-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, January 3, 2022

chessgames.com

"Carlsen vs. Nepomniachtchi". Chessgames.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
"Viktor Korchnoi vs Anatoly Karpov (1978) Halvin' Can Wait". www.chessgames.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-03. Retrieved 2021-12-03.

fide.com

Expo 2020 Dubai to host FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 28 January 2021
Dates for the Candidates and the 44th Chess Olympiad announced Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 12 Nov 2019
FIDE resumes the Candidates Tournament Archived 2021-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, February 16, 2021
Bidding Procedure for the FIDE Candidates' Tournament 2020 Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 8 March 2020
Regulations for the FIDE Candidates Tournament 2020 Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE
"Teimour Radjabov to be replaced by Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the Candidates Tournament". FIDE. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
"Bidding opens to Host the 2020 World Chess Candidates Tournament". FIDE. 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
FIDE World Championship 2021: Are we there yet? Archived 2021-12-04 at the Wayback Machine. FIDE. 3 December 2021.
"FIDE announces qualification paths for Candidates Tournament 2022". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-12-12.

handbook.fide.com

Regulations for the FIDE World Championship Match 2020, FIDE, 2020, archived from https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/FWCM2020.pdf
Regulations for the FIDE World Championship Match 2021 Archived 2021-11-15 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 2021

ratings.fide.com

Top 100 Players March 2020 - Archive Archived 2020-05-21 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE

fideworldchampionship.com

"Organization & Info | FIDE & Expo Dubai 2020 | WCC 2021". fideworldchampionship.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-10.

fivethirtyeight.com

Roeder, Oliver (2021-11-22). "Magnus Carlsen Is Back To Defend His Chess Title". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
Roeder, Oliver (10 December 2021). "Brilliance And Blunders Have Defined The World Chess Championship". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

instagram.com

"Now @magnus_carlsen reveals his team!". instagram.com. 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2021. Non-loginwalled link at bibliogram.pussthecat.org^{[permanent dead link]}

norwaychess.no

Norway not to bid for the 2020 World Chess Championship Archived 2021-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, Norway Chess press release, June 27, 2019

nytimes.com

McClain, Dylan Loeb. "Did the World Chess Championship End When No One Was Looking?" Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. nytimes.com. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.

pussthecat.org

bibliogram.pussthecat.org

"Now @magnus_carlsen reveals his team!". instagram.com. 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2021. Non-loginwalled link at bibliogram.pussthecat.org^{[permanent dead link]}

ruchess.ru

"Andrey Filatov: Kirill Alekseenko to Get Wild Card from Organizer of FIDE Candidates Tournament". Chess Federation of Russia. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2019-12-23.

squarespace.com

static1.squarespace.com

"Championship Match 2020 - The Bidding Procedure" (PDF). WorldChess. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.

theguardian.com

Barden, Leonard (26 Mar 2020). "Chess: Candidates stopped at midway point after Russia suspends air traffic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 26 Mar 2020.
Ian Nepomniachtchi will not be able to play next to Russia flag against Carlsen Archived 2021-05-03 at the Wayback Machine, Leonard Barden, The Guardian, 1 May 2021
Carlsen and Nepomniachtchi draw chess world title opener after flag furore Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Sean Ingle, The Guardian, 27 November 2021
Magnus Carlsen defeats Ian Nepomniachtchi in Game 6 of World Chess Championship – as it happened Archived 2021-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 4 December 2021
Graham, Bryan Armen (5 December 2021). "Magnus Carlsen defeats Ian Nepomniachtchi in Game 8 of World Chess Championship – live!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.

thehindu.com

sportstar.thehindu.com

Rao, Rakesh (7 December 2021). "World Chess Championship: Carlsen punishes erroneous Nepo again". Sportstar. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-07.

twitter.com

web.archive.org

Expo 2020 Dubai to host FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 28 January 2021
Doggers, Peter (2020-06-29). "World Chess Championship Match Postponed To 2021". Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
Dates for the Candidates and the 44th Chess Olympiad announced Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 12 Nov 2019
Barden, Leonard (26 Mar 2020). "Chess: Candidates stopped at midway point after Russia suspends air traffic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 26 Mar 2020.
FIDE resumes the Candidates Tournament Archived 2021-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, February 16, 2021
Bidding Procedure for the FIDE Candidates' Tournament 2020 Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 8 March 2020
Regulations for the FIDE Candidates Tournament 2020 Archived 2021-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE
Top 100 Players March 2020 - Archive Archived 2020-05-21 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE
"Teimour Radjabov to be replaced by Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the Candidates Tournament". FIDE. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
"MVL to play the Candidates instead of Radjabov". chess24.com. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
"Andrey Filatov: Kirill Alekseenko to Get Wild Card from Organizer of FIDE Candidates Tournament". Chess Federation of Russia. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
"Bidding opens to Host the 2020 World Chess Candidates Tournament". FIDE. 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
FIDE updates and the World Championship cycle Archived 2021-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, April 26, 2019
"World Chess Championship 2021: Carlsen vs Nepomniachtchi". Chess.com. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"Organization & Info | FIDE & Expo Dubai 2020 | WCC 2021". fideworldchampionship.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
Regulations for the FIDE World Championship Match 2020, FIDE, 2020, archived from https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/FWCM2020.pdf
Regulations for the FIDE World Championship Match 2021 Archived 2021-11-15 at the Wayback Machine, FIDE, 2021
Roeder, Oliver (2021-11-22). "Magnus Carlsen Is Back To Defend His Chess Title". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
Colodro, Carlos Alberto (18 September 2021). "Carlsen wins Norway Chess, Firouzja shines". Chessbase. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
"Carlsen vs. Nepomniachtchi". Chessgames.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
"Championship Match 2020 - The Bidding Procedure" (PDF). WorldChess. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
"Vienna vies for 2020 World Championship". chessbase.com. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
Norway not to bid for the 2020 World Chess Championship Archived 2021-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, Norway Chess press release, June 27, 2019
"Stavanger, Norway Withdraws 2020 World Champs Bid After Carlsen Pressure". chess.com. 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
Hamburg GP starts as Candidates race heats up Archived 2021-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 5 November 2019
World Championship match almost certain to take place in Dubai Archived 2021-04-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, 2/29/2020
Nepomniachtchi Can't Play Carlsen Under Russian Flag Archived 2021-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, April 30, 2021
Ian Nepomniachtchi will not be able to play next to Russia flag against Carlsen Archived 2021-05-03 at the Wayback Machine, Leonard Barden, The Guardian, 1 May 2021
FIDE scrambles to replace Nepo's flag before start of play Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Leon Watson, chess24.com, 26 November 2021
Carlsen and Nepomniachtchi draw chess world title opener after flag furore Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Sean Ingle, The Guardian, 27 November 2021
Doggers, Peter (2021-12-01). "FIDE World Chess Championship Game 1: Nepo Impresses Under Pressure". Chess.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
McGourty, Colin (2021-12-10). "Magnus Carlsen wins 5th World Championship title". chess24.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
"Now @magnus_carlsen reveals his team!". instagram.com. 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2021. Non-loginwalled link at bibliogram.pussthecat.org^{[permanent dead link]}
Dubov hits back at accusations of betrayal Archived 2021-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, December 12, 2021
""Ian is a bit more aggressive!": Carlsen and Nepo's 1st press conference". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
Carlsen-Nepo, 1: Fierce battle ends in draw Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 27/11/2021.
"FIDE World Championship G1: Nepo Impresses Under Pressure". chess.com. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
FIDE World Chess Championship Game 2: Adventurous Carlsen Scrambles For Draw Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, 27/11/2021.
Sagar and Amruta in Dubai: Day 2 impressions Archived 2021-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, ChessBase, 27/11/2021.
"FIDE World Chess Championship Game 2: Adventurous Carlsen Scrambles For Draw". chess.com. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
"World Championship Game 2: Sharp Catalan ends drawn". Chessbase. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
"FIDE World Chess Championship Game 3: Magnus Bulletproof With Black". chess.com. 28 November 2021. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
"World Championship Game 4: Hesitant birthday boy". chessbase. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
"Nepo Holds Carlsen With Petroff In Game 4 FIDE World Chess Championship". chess.com. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
Carlsen Defends Passively To Draw Game 5 FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Chess.com, 01/12/2021.
"Viktor Korchnoi vs Anatoly Karpov (1978) Halvin' Can Wait". www.chessgames.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-03. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
World Championship Game 6: Carlsen wins marathon Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, December 3, 2021
Magnus Carlsen defeats Ian Nepomniachtchi in Game 6 of World Chess Championship – as it happened Archived 2021-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 4 December 2021
"BREAKING: Carlsen Wins Game 6, Longest World Chess Championship Game Of All Time". Chess.com. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
FIDE World Championship 2021: Are we there yet? Archived 2021-12-04 at the Wayback Machine. FIDE. 3 December 2021.
McClain, Dylan Loeb. "Did the World Chess Championship End When No One Was Looking?" Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. nytimes.com. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
"Confident Carlsen Equalizes Easily In FIDE World Chess Championship Game 7". chess.com. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
"Carlsen vs. Nepomniachtchi - Game 8 Live!". Chessbase. 5 December 2021. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Graham, Bryan Armen (5 December 2021). "Magnus Carlsen defeats Ian Nepomniachtchi in Game 8 of World Chess Championship – live!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Carlsen Wins Game 8 As Nepo Falters In FIDE World Chess Championship Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, 5 December 2021
Carlos Alberto Colodro (and Anish Giri), World Championship Game 8: Nepomniachtchi self-destructs Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, 5 December 2021
BREAKING: Carlsen On Verge Of Retaining Title As Nepo Blunders Piece Archived 2021-12-07 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Doggers, chess.com, 7 December 2021
Rao, Rakesh (7 December 2021). "World Chess Championship: Carlsen punishes erroneous Nepo again". Sportstar. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
World Championship: Game 9 annotated by Wesley So Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, December 8, 2021
Carlsen-Nepo 9: Nepo crashes as Magnus closes on 5th title Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, chess24.com, December 8, 2021
Peter Doggers (and annotations by Sam Shakland), Carlsen One Win From Victory After Drawing FIDE World Chess Championship Game 10 Archived 2021-12-09 at the Wayback Machine, chess.com, 8 December 2021
"Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
"Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". chess.com. 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
Doggers, Peter (2021-12-10). "Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship". chess.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
"Magnus Carlsen wins 5th World Championship title". chess24.com. 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
Roeder, Oliver (10 December 2021). "Brilliance And Blunders Have Defined The World Chess Championship". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
""One clear win and already tired of winning?" - An interview with Anatoly Karpov". Chessbase. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
The new FIDE World Ranking List: January 2022 Archived 2022-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Chessbase, January 3, 2022
"BREAKING: Carlsen Might Only Defend Title Vs. Firouzja". Archived from the original on 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
"FIDE announces qualification paths for Candidates Tournament 2022". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-12-12.