World Wide Web (English Wikipedia)

McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino (2009). Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-0-8225-7273-2.
Tim Berners-Lee (1999). Weaving the Web. Internet Archive. HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-0-06-251586-5. Unbeknownst to me at that early stage in my thinking, several people had hit upon similar concepts, which were never implemented.

archive.today

O'Reilly, Tim (30 September 2005). "What Is Web 2.0". O'Reilly Media. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2008. and AJAX web applications can introduce security vulnerabilities like "client-side security controls, increased attack surfaces, and new possibilities for Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)", in Ritchie, Paul (March 2007). "The security risks of AJAX/web 2.0 applications" (PDF). Infosecurity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008. which cites Hayre, Jaswinder S. & Kelath, Jayasankar (22 June 2006). "Ajax Security Basics". SecurityFocus. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

bbc.co.uk

"New net rules set to make cookies crumble". BBC. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2019.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Google searches web's dark side". BBC News. 11 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 26 April 2008.

books.google.com

Couldry, Nick (2012). Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice. London: Polity Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780745639208. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
In, Lee (30 June 2012). Electronic Commerce Management for Business Activities and Global Enterprises: Competitive Advantages: Competitive Advantages. IGI Global. ISBN 978-1-4666-1801-5. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
Misiroglu, Gina (26 March 2015). American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-47729-7. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

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buntin.org

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cern.ch

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tenyears-web.cern.ch

"Ten Years Public Domain for the Original Web Software". Tenyears-www.web.cern.ch. 30 April 2003. Archived from the original on 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.

charlieharvey.org.uk

Harvey, Charlie (18 August 2015). "How we pronounce WWW in English: a detailed but unscientific survey". charlieharvey.org.uk. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.

cnet.com

Shankland, Stephen (9 July 2009). "An epitaph for the Web standard, XHTML 2". CNet. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.

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Vamosi, Robert (14 April 2008). "Gmail cookie stolen via Google Spreadsheets". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2017.

computerhope.com

"Surface Web". Computer Hope. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

computerweekly.com

Ben-Itzhak, Yuval (18 April 2008). "Infosecurity 2008 – New defence strategy in battle against e-crime". ComputerWeekly. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2008.

computerworld.com.au

Hamilton, Naomi (31 July 2008). "The A-Z of Programming Languages: JavaScript". Computerworld. IDG. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2009.

congress.gov

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convergedigest.com

Carroll, Jim (12 December 2024). "Patrick Nettles Steps Down as Executive Chair of Ciena". Converge Digest. Archived from the original on 14 February 2025. Retrieved 3 February 2025.

csoonline.com

Berinato, Scott (1 January 2007). "Software Vulnerability Disclosure: The Chilling Effect". CSO. CXO Media. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.

doi.org

Berners-Lee, T.; Cailliau, R.; Groff, J.-F.; Pollermann, B. (1992). "World-Wide Web: The Information Universe". Electron. Netw. Res. Appl. Policy. 2: 52–58. doi:10.1108/eb047254. ISSN 1066-2243. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
Muylle, Steve; Moenaert, Rudy; Despont, Marc (1999). "A grounded theory of World Wide Web search behaviour". Journal of Marketing Communications. 5 (3): 143. doi:10.1080/135272699345644.
Liu, Xiang (20 December 2019). "Evolution of Fiber-Optic Transmission and Networking toward the 5G Era". iScience. 22: 489–506. Bibcode:2019iSci...22..489L. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.026. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 6920305. PMID 31838439.
Marom, Dan M. (1 January 2008), Gianchandani, Yogesh B.; Tabata, Osamu; Zappe, Hans (eds.), "3.07 - Optical Communications", Comprehensive Microsystems, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 219–265, doi:10.1016/b978-044452190-3.00035-5, ISBN 978-0-444-52190-3, archived from the original on 23 January 2025, retrieved 17 January 2025
Radu, Roxana (7 March 2019), Radu, Roxana (ed.), "Privatization and Globalization of the Internet", Negotiating Internet Governance, Oxford University Press, pp. 75–112, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198833079.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-883307-9, archived from the original on 14 February 2025, retrieved 23 January 2025
Devine, Jane; Egger-Sider, Francine (July 2004). "Beyond google: the invisible web in the academic library". The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 30 (4): 265–269. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2004.04.010.
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ecma-international.org

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elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Marom, Dan M. (1 January 2008), Gianchandani, Yogesh B.; Tabata, Osamu; Zappe, Hans (eds.), "3.07 - Optical Communications", Comprehensive Microsystems, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 219–265, doi:10.1016/b978-044452190-3.00035-5, ISBN 978-0-444-52190-3, archived from the original on 23 January 2025, retrieved 17 January 2025

eweek.com

Prince, Brian (9 April 2008). "McAfee Governance, Risk and Compliance Business Unit". eWEEK. Ziff Davis Enterprise Holdings. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2008.

fiberopticsonline.com

"Cisco to Acquire Pirelli DWDM Unit for $2.15 Billion". www.fiberopticsonline.com. Retrieved 31 January 2025.

firstpost.com

firstbiz.firstpost.com

"2012 Global Losses From phishing Estimated At $1.5 Bn". FirstPost. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2019.

fortinet.com

"What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP) meaning". Fortinet. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 4 February 2025.

freecodecamp.org

medium.freecodecamp.org

Fraser, Dominic (13 May 2018). "Why a domain's root can't be a CNAME – and other tidbits about the DNS". FreeCodeCamp. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2019.

ghostarchive.org

Rutter, Dorian (2005). From Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995 (PDF) (Computer Science thesis). The University of Warwick. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022. When Berners-Lee developed his Enquire hypertext system during 1980, the ideas explored by Bush, Engelbart, and Nelson did not influence his work, as he was not aware of them. However, as Berners-Lee began to refine his ideas, the work of these predecessors would later confirm the legitimacy of his system.

googleblog.blogspot.com

Davis, Mark (5 April 2008). "Moving to Unicode 5.1". Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Liu, Xiang (20 December 2019). "Evolution of Fiber-Optic Transmission and Networking toward the 5G Era". iScience. 22: 489–506. Bibcode:2019iSci...22..489L. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.026. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 6920305. PMID 31838439.

history.com

"World Wide Web (WWW) launches in the public domain | April 30, 1993". HISTORY. 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
"The World's First Web Site". HISTORY. 30 August 2018. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

home.cern

"A short history of the Web". CERN. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.

iadisportal.org

Hamilton, Nigel (13 May 2024). "The Mechanics of a Deep Net Metasearch Engine". IADIS Digital Library: 1034–1036. ISBN 978-972-98947-0-1. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2024.

iana.org

"IANA home page". IANA. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2009.

ietf.org

"IETF RFC page". IETF. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.

informationweek.com

Preston, Rob (12 April 2008). "Down To Business: It's Past Time To Elevate The Infosec Conversation". InformationWeek. United Business Media. Archived from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
Claburn, Thomas (6 February 2007). "RSA's Coviello Predicts Security Consolidation". InformationWeek. United Business Media. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2008.

infosecurity-magazine.com

O'Reilly, Tim (30 September 2005). "What Is Web 2.0". O'Reilly Media. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2008. and AJAX web applications can introduce security vulnerabilities like "client-side security controls, increased attack surfaces, and new possibilities for Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)", in Ritchie, Paul (March 2007). "The security risks of AJAX/web 2.0 applications" (PDF). Infosecurity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008. which cites Hayre, Jaswinder S. & Kelath, Jayasankar (22 June 2006). "Ajax Security Basics". SecurityFocus. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

internethistory.org

"Dr. David Huber". History of the Internet. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
"Internet Commercialization History". History of the Internet. Retrieved 3 February 2025.

internethistorypodcast.com

McCullough, Brian. "20 YEARS ON: WHY NETSCAPE'S IPO WAS THE "BIG BANG" OF THE INTERNET ERA". www.internethistorypodcast.com. INTERNET HISTORY PODCAST. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

internetlivestats.com

"Internet Live Stats". internetlivestats.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

iso.org

"Search for World Wide Web in ISO standards". ISO. Retrieved 24 June 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

latimes.com

Hall, Carla. “Inventor Beams over Laser Patents : After 30 Years, Gordon Gould Gets Credit He Deserves.” Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 17 Dec. 1987.

mashable.com

Nguyen, Jennimai (10 September 2020). "Archie, the very first search engine, was released 30 years ago today". Mashable. Retrieved 4 February 2025.

masteringhtml5css3.com

Sikos, Leslie (2011). Web standards – Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-4041-9. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2019.

merit.edu

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mitre.org

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Christey, Steve & Martin, Robert A. (22 May 2007). "Vulnerability Type Distributions in CVE (version 1.1)". MITRE Corporation. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2008.

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"World Wide Web - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MDN". developer.mozilla.org. Retrieved 25 April 2023.

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nih.gov

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Liu, Xiang (20 December 2019). "Evolution of Fiber-Optic Transmission and Networking toward the 5G Era". iScience. 22: 489–506. Bibcode:2019iSci...22..489L. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.026. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 6920305. PMID 31838439.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liu, Xiang (20 December 2019). "Evolution of Fiber-Optic Transmission and Networking toward the 5G Era". iScience. 22: 489–506. Bibcode:2019iSci...22..489L. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.026. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 6920305. PMID 31838439.

nsf.gov

new.nsf.gov

"NSF Shapes the Internet's Evolution | NSF - National Science Foundation". new.nsf.gov. 25 July 2003. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
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nytimes.com

Markoff, John (24 January 1993). "Building the Electronic Superhighway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
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oreillynet.com

O'Reilly, Tim (30 September 2005). "What Is Web 2.0". O'Reilly Media. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2008. and AJAX web applications can introduce security vulnerabilities like "client-side security controls, increased attack surfaces, and new possibilities for Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)", in Ritchie, Paul (March 2007). "The security risks of AJAX/web 2.0 applications" (PDF). Infosecurity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008. which cites Hayre, Jaswinder S. & Kelath, Jayasankar (22 June 2006). "Ajax Security Basics". SecurityFocus. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Radu, Roxana (7 March 2019), Radu, Roxana (ed.), "Privatization and Globalization of the Internet", Negotiating Internet Governance, Oxford University Press, pp. 75–112, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198833079.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-883307-9, archived from the original on 14 February 2025, retrieved 23 January 2025

oxforddictionaries.com

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pewinternet.org

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podcasts.com

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proquest.com

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securityfocus.com

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techcrunch.com

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theguardian.com

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theswissbay.ch

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time.com

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washingtonpost.com

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web.archive.org

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Berners-Lee, Tim. "Information Management: A Proposal". w3.org. The World Wide Web Consortium. Archived from the original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
"The World's First Web Site". HISTORY. 30 August 2018. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Bleigh, Michael (16 May 2014). "The Once And Future Web Platform". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
"World Wide Web Timeline". Pews Research Center. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
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"Internet Live Stats". internetlivestats.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Quittner, Joshua (29 March 1999). "Network Designer Tim Berners-Lee". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2010. He wove the World Wide Web and created a mass medium for the 21st century. The World Wide Web is Berners-Lee's alone. He designed it. He set it loose it on the world. And he more than anyone else has fought to keep it an open, non-proprietary and free.^{[page needed]}
Berners-Lee, T.; Cailliau, R.; Groff, J.-F.; Pollermann, B. (1992). "World-Wide Web: The Information Universe". Electron. Netw. Res. Appl. Policy. 2: 52–58. doi:10.1108/eb047254. ISSN 1066-2243. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
W3 (1991) Re: Qualifiers on Hypertext links Archived 7 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine
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