Wusun (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Wusun" in English language version.

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de la Vaissière, Étienne (2013). "Iranian in Wusun? A tentative reinterpretation of the Kultobe Inscription". Commentationes Iranicae. Vladimiro F. Aaron Livschits Nonagenario Donum Natalicium: 320–325.

archive.org

Mallory & Mair 2000, pp. 93–94 Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.

books.google.com

Zadneprovskiy 1994, pp. 458–462 Zadneprovskiy, Y. A. (1 January 1994). "The Nomads of Northern Central Asia After The Invasion of Alexander". In Harmatta, János (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250. UNESCO. pp. 457–472. ISBN 9231028464. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Mayor, Adrienne (September 22, 2014). The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton University Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-1400865130. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Golden 1992, p. 51. Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03274-X. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
Beckwith 2009, pp. 376–377 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Beckwith 2009, pp. 84–85 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Beckwith 2009, pp. 29–38 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Beckwith 2009, pp. 380–383 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Enoki, Koshelenko & Haidary 1994, pp. 171–191 Enoki, K.; Koshelenko, G. A.; Haidary, Z. (1 January 1994). "The Yu'eh-chih and their migrations". In Harmatta, János (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250. UNESCO. pp. 171–191. ISBN 9231028464. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Beckwith 2009, pp. 6–7 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
François & Hulsewé 1979, p. 215 François, Anthony; Hulsewé, Paulus Hulsewé (1 January 1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC - AD 23 ; an Annotated Transl. of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. With an Introd. by M.A.N.Loewe. Brill Archive. ISBN 9004058842. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
Beckwith 2009, p. 6 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Beckwith 2009, p. 2 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Sinor & Klyashtorny 1996, pp. 328–329 Sinor, Denis; Klyashtorny, S. G. (1 January 1996). "The Türk Empire". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 327–346. ISBN 9231032119. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
François & Hulsewé 1979, p. 145 François, Anthony; Hulsewé, Paulus Hulsewé (1 January 1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC - AD 23 ; an Annotated Transl. of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. With an Introd. by M.A.N.Loewe. Brill Archive. ISBN 9004058842. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
So 2009, p. 133 So, Francis K. H. (2009). "In Search of the Lost Indo-Europeans in Chinese Dynastic History". In Findeisen, Raoul David; Isay, Gad C.; Katz-Goehr, Amira (eds.). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 131–138. ISBN 978-3447061353. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
Findeisen, Raoul David (2009). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-447-06135-3.
Wood 2004, pp. 53–54 Wood, Frances (1 September 2004). The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 0520243404. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
Wood 2004, p. 57 Wood, Frances (1 September 2004). The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 0520243404. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
Wood 2004, p. 59 Wood, Frances (1 September 2004). The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 0520243404. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
François & Hulsewé 1979, p. 155 François, Anthony; Hulsewé, Paulus Hulsewé (1 January 1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC - AD 23 ; an Annotated Transl. of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. With an Introd. by M.A.N.Loewe. Brill Archive. ISBN 9004058842. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
Taishan 2004, p. 45 Taishan, Tu (2004). A history of the relationships between the western and eastern Han, Wei, Jin northern and southern dynasties and the western regions. Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
François & Hulsewé 1979, p. 192 François, Anthony; Hulsewé, Paulus Hulsewé (1 January 1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC - AD 23 ; an Annotated Transl. of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. With an Introd. by M.A.N.Loewe. Brill Archive. ISBN 9004058842. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
Maenchen-Helfen 1973, pp. 369–375 Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (1973). The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press. ISBN 0520015967. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
So 2009, p. 134 So, Francis K. H. (2009). "In Search of the Lost Indo-Europeans in Chinese Dynastic History". In Findeisen, Raoul David; Isay, Gad C.; Katz-Goehr, Amira (eds.). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 131–138. ISBN 978-3447061353. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
Sinor 1990, p. 153 Sinor, Denis (1 March 1990). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521243041. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
Mair 2013 Mair, Victor H. (20 August 2013). The Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231505628. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
Baumer 2012, p. 212 Baumer, Christoph (11 December 2012). The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1780760605. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
So 2009, p. 131 So, Francis K. H. (2009). "In Search of the Lost Indo-Europeans in Chinese Dynastic History". In Findeisen, Raoul David; Isay, Gad C.; Katz-Goehr, Amira (eds.). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 131–138. ISBN 978-3447061353. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
Kusmina 2007, pp. 78, 83 Kusmina, Elena Efimovna (2007). The Origin of the Indo-Iranians. BRILL. ISBN 978-0521299442. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Harmatta 1994, pp. 488–489 Harmatta, János (1 January 1994). "Conclusion". In Harmatta, János (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250. UNESCO. pp. 485–492. ISBN 9231028464. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Kitagawa 2013, p. 228 Kitagawa, Joseph (September 5, 2013). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1136875977. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Durand-Guédy 2013, pp. 24–25 Durand-Guédy, David (September 13, 2013). Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004257009. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Golden 2011, p. 29 Golden, Peter B. (January 5, 2011). Central Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199722037. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Golden 2010 Golden, Peter B. (2010). Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia. Ashgate/Variorum. ISBN 978-1409400035. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Sinor 1997, p. 236 Sinor, Denis (1997). Aspects of Altaic Civilization III. Psychology Press. ISBN 0700703802. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Pulleyblank 1966, pp. 9–39. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1966). Chinese and Indo-Europeans. University of British Columbia, Department of Asian Studies. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Loewe & Shaughnessy 1999, pp. 87–88 Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-5214-7030-7. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
Benjamin 2007, p. 52 Benjamin, Craig (2007). The Yuezhi: Origin, Migration and the Conquest of Northern Bactria. ISD. ISBN 978-2503524290. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Masica 1993, p. 48 Masica, Colin P. (September 9, 1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521299446. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Kneightley 1983, pp. 457–460 Kneightley, David N. (January 1, 1983). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 0520042298. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Mallory 1989, pp. 59–60 Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 050005052X. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
So 2009, pp. 133–134 So, Francis K. H. (2009). "In Search of the Lost Indo-Europeans in Chinese Dynastic History". In Findeisen, Raoul David; Isay, Gad C.; Katz-Goehr, Amira (eds.). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 131–138. ISBN 978-3447061353. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
Golden 1992, pp. 121–122 Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03274-X. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
Findley 2005, p. 39 "The term fu-li [附離], used to identify the ruler's retinue as 'wolves,' probably also derived from one of the Iranian languages." Findley, Carter Vaughn (2005). The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198039395. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
Findley 2005, p. 45 "Many elements of non-Turkic origin also became part of Türk statecraft. Important terms, for example, often came from non-Turkic languages, as in the cases of khatun for the ruler's wife and beg for 'aristocrat', both terms of Sogdian origin and ever since in common use in Turkish." Findley, Carter Vaughn (2005). The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198039395. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
Yong & Bingua 1994, p. 225. Yong, Ma; Bingua, Wang (1 January 1994). "The Culture of the Xinjiang Region". In Harmatta, János (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250. UNESCO. pp. 209–227. ISBN 9231028464. Retrieved 29 May 2015.

britannica.com

global.britannica.com

"Zhang Qian". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 29 May 2015.

chinaknowledge.de

"Chinese History – Wusun 烏孫". Chinaknowledge. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

ctext.org

Hanshu 《漢書·張騫李廣利傳》 Original text 臣居匈奴中，聞烏孫王號昆莫。昆莫父難兜靡本與大月氏俱在祁連、焞煌間，小國也。tr. "[I, your majesty's] minister, while living among the Xiongnu, heard that the Wusun king was called Kunmo; Kunmo's father Nandoumi had originally been dwelling together with the Great Yuezhi in a small state between Qilian and Dunhuang."
Shiji 《史記·大宛列傳》 Original text: 匈奴攻殺其父，而昆莫生棄於野。烏嗛肉蜚其上，狼往乳之。
Hanshu 《漢書·張騫李廣利傳》 Original text 時，月氏已為匈奴所破，西擊塞王。
Shiji 《史記·大宛列傳》 Original text: 匈奴西邊小國也
《焦氏易林 – Jiaoshi Yilin》 Original text:烏孫氏女，深目黑醜；嗜欲不同，過時無偶。

doi.org

Damgaard et al. 2018. Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. 557 (7705). Nature Research: 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. hdl:1887/3202709. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.
Phillips, E. D. (1955). "The Legend of Aristeas: Fact and Fancy in Early Greek Notions of East Russia, Siberia, and Inner Asia". Artibus Asiae. 18 (2): 161–177 [p. 166]. doi:10.2307/3248792. JSTOR 3248792.
Zhang, Fan (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.
Zhabagin et al. 2020. Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Tarlykov, Pavel; et al. (2020). "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan". BMC Genomic Data. 21 (21): 87. doi:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5. PMC 7583311. PMID 33092538.

guoxue123.com

Book of Han, with commentary by Yan Shigu Original text:　烏孫於西域諸戎其形最異。今之胡人青眼、赤須，狀類彌猴者，本其種也。

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Damgaard et al. 2018. Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. 557 (7705). Nature Research: 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. hdl:1887/3202709. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Damgaard et al. 2018. Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. 557 (7705). Nature Research: 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. hdl:1887/3202709. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.
Zhang, Fan (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.

iranicaonline.org

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/beg-pers Beg at Encyclopædia Iranica
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baga-an-old-iranian-term-for-god-sometimes-designating-a-specific-god Baga at Encyclopædia Iranica

jstor.org

Phillips, E. D. (1955). "The Legend of Aristeas: Fact and Fancy in Early Greek Notions of East Russia, Siberia, and Inner Asia". Artibus Asiae. 18 (2): 161–177 [p. 166]. doi:10.2307/3248792. JSTOR 3248792.

kulichki.net

gumilevica.kulichki.net

Gumilev L.N. "12". History of Hun People. Science (in Russian). Moscow.

learner.org

Liu, Xinru, Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (2001)

mq.edu.au

Lieu, Samuel N.C. (2014) Places and Peoples in Central Asia and in the Graeco-Roman Near East: A Multilingual Gazetteer Compiled for the Serica Project from Selected Pre-Islamic Sources, p. 23

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Damgaard et al. 2018. Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. 557 (7705). Nature Research: 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. hdl:1887/3202709. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.
Zhang, Fan (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.
Zhabagin et al. 2020. Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Tarlykov, Pavel; et al. (2020). "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan". BMC Genomic Data. 21 (21): 87. doi:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5. PMC 7583311. PMID 33092538.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhang, Fan (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.
Zhabagin et al. 2020. Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Tarlykov, Pavel; et al. (2020). "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan". BMC Genomic Data. 21 (21): 87. doi:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5. PMC 7583311. PMID 33092538.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Damgaard et al. 2018. Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. 557 (7705). Nature Research: 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. hdl:1887/3202709. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.

sinica.edu.tw

ling.sinica.edu.tw

Schuessler 2014, p. 264. Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" (PDF). Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series (53). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
Schuessler 2014, p. 283. Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" (PDF). Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series (53). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw

Pulleyblank 1963a, p. 136. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1963a). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 58–144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-16.
Pulleyblank 1963b, p. 227. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1963b). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese. Part II" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 206–265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-16.

sino-platonic.org

Yu, Taishan (July 1998). "A Study of Saka History" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers (80). The four tribes of the Asii and others, including the Da Yuezhi and the Wusun, were all Europoid and spoke Indo-European languages.
Jixu, Zhou (July 2003). Mair, Victor H. (ed.). "Correspondences of Cultural Words Between Old Chinese and Proto-Indo-European" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers. 125. Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 26 May 2015.

transoxiana.org

Benjamin, Craig (October 2003). "The Yuezhi Migration and Sogdia". Transoxiana Webfestschrift. 1 (Ēran ud Anērān). Transoxiana. Retrieved 29 May 2015.

web.archive.org

Schuessler 2014, p. 264. Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" (PDF). Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series (53). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
Pulleyblank 1963a, p. 136. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1963a). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 58–144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-16.
Liu, Xinru, Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (2001)
Pulleyblank 1963b, p. 227. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1963b). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese. Part II" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 206–265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-16.
Schuessler 2014, p. 283. Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" (PDF). Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series (53). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

wikisource.org

zh.wikisource.org

Hanshu 《漢書·卷九十六下》西域傳 Original text: 本塞地也，大月氏西破走塞王，塞王南越縣度。大月氏居其地。後烏孫昆莫擊破大月氏，大月氏徙西臣大夏，而烏孫昆莫居之，故烏孫民有塞種、大月氏種雲。
Hanshu 《漢書·卷九十六下》西域傳 Original text: 昆莫年老，言語不通，公主悲愁，自為作歌曰：「吾家嫁我兮天一方，遠托異國兮烏孫王。穹廬為室兮旃為牆，以肉為食兮酪為漿。居常土思兮心內傷，願為黃鵠兮歸故鄉。」

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gardiner-Garden 1986. Gardiner-Garden, J.R. (March 1986). "Chang-Ch'ien and Central Asian Ethnography". Papers of Far Eastern History. 33. Canberra: Australian National University Institute of Advanced Studies Department of Far Eastern History: 23–79. ISSN 0048-2870. A survey of theories of ethnic affiliations and identification of the Wusun and the Yuezhi.
Zhang, Fan (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.