X86-64 (English Wikipedia)

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amd.com

"AMD Discloses New Technologies At Microporcessor Forum" (Press release). AMD. October 5, 1999. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
"AMD Releases x86-64 Architectural Specification; Enables Market Driven Migration to 64-Bit Computing" (Press release). AMD. August 10, 2000. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual (PDF). p. 1.

developer.amd.com

"BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) For AMD Family 10h Processors" (PDF). p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2016. Physical address space increased to 48 bits.
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amd64.org

"Myth and facts about 64-bit Linux" (PDF). March 2, 2008. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010. Physical address space increased to 48 bits

ami.com

"From the AMI Archives: AMIBIOS 8 and the Transition to EFI". American Megatrends. September 8, 2017. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2021.

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apple.com

developer.apple.com

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apple.com

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lists.apple.com

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support.apple.com

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archive.org

Shanley, Tom (1998). Pentium Pro and Pentium II System Architecture. PC System Architecture Series (Second ed.). Addison-Wesley. p. 445. ISBN 0-201-30973-4.

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archlinux.org

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"Arch64 FAQ". April 23, 2012. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012. You can either use the multilib packages or a i686 chroot.

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Stokes, Jon (January 23, 2008). "Isaiah revealed: VIA's new low-power architecture". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on January 27, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
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cnet.com

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codeweavers.com

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cpu-world.com

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debian.org

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wiki.debian.org

"Debian AMD64 FAQ". Debian Wiki. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2012.

digitimes.com

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dragonflybsd.org

leaf.dragonflybsd.org

"cvs commit: src/sys/amd64/amd64 genassym.c src/sys/amd64/include asm.h atomic.h bootinfo.h coredump.h cpufunc.h elf.h endian.h exec.h float.h fpu.h frame.h globaldata.h ieeefp.h limits.h lock.h md_var.h param.h pcb.h pcb_ext.h pmap.h proc.h profile.h psl.h ..." Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
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dragonflybsd.org

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edn.com

Lapedus, Mark (February 6, 2004). "Intel to demo 'CT' 64-bit processor line at IDF". EDN. AspenCore Media. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

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US 6877084
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contracts.corporate.findlaw.com

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gameinformer.com

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gentoo.org

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gitlab.com

"System V Application Binary Interface Low Level System Information". x86-64 psABI repo. January 29, 2021. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021 – via GitLab.

h-online.com

Thorsten Leemhuis (September 13, 2011). "Kernel Log: x32 ABI gets around 64-bit drawbacks". www.h-online.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.

hadibrais.wordpress.com

Hadi Brais, The Significance of the x86 LFENCE Instruction, 14 May 2018. Archived on 10 Jun 2023.

halobates.de

Andi Kleen. "Andi Kleen's Page". Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2009. This was the original paper describing the Linux x86-64 kernel port back when x86-64 was only available on simulators.

ibm.com

research.ibm.com

Maged M. Michael. "Practical Lock-Free and Wait-Free LL/SC/VL Implementations Using 64-Bit CAS" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2014.

indiana.edu

lkml.indiana.edu

"Linux-Kernel Archive: [PATCH 2/5] KVM: svm: Disallow EFER.LMSLE on hardware that doesn't support it". lkml.indiana.edu. Retrieved November 3, 2023.

indianexpress.com

"What to expect from Sony 'PlayStation 5' launch in November". The Indian Express. August 31, 2020. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.

intel.com

"Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1" (PDF). pp. 4–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
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"Intel® Pentium® D Processor 800 Sequence and Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 840 Specification Update" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
"64-bit Intel® Xeon™ Processor MP with up to 8MB L3 Cache Datasheet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 17, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
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"Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual". September 2014. p. 2-21. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Intel 64 architecture increases the linear address space for software to 64 bits and supports physical address space up to 46 bits.

developer.intel.com

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software.intel.com

"5-Level Paging and 5-Level EPT" (PDF). Intel. May 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
"Intel® Xeon PhiTM Coprocessor Instruction Set Architecture Reference Manual" (PDF). Intel. September 7, 2012. section B.2 Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor 64 bit Mode Limitations. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.

newsroom.intel.com

"Intel Powers the World's Fastest Supercomputer, Reveals New and Future High Performance Computing Technologies". Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.

internetnews.com

""A Roundup of 64-Bit Computing", from internetnews.com". Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2006.

keith.github.io

arch(1) – Darwin and macOS General Commands Manual

kernel.org

docs.kernel.org

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lenovo.com

lenovopress.lenovo.com

Ye, Huaisheng. "Introduction to 5-Level Paging in 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors with Linux" (PDF). Lenovo. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.

linux.no

lxr.linux.no

"An example file from Linux 3.7.8 kernel source tree displaying the usage of the term x86_64". Archived from the original on September 23, 2005. Retrieved February 17, 2013.

linuxplumbersconf.org

"x32 - a native 32-bit ABI for x86-64". linuxplumbersconf.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2011.

lkml.org

Petkov, Borislav (August 10, 2009). "Re: [PATCH v2] x86: clear incorrectly forced X86_FEATURE_LAHF_LM flag". Linux kernel mailing list. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

llvm.org

lists.llvm.org

Weimer, Florian (July 10, 2020). "New x86-64 micro-architecture levels". llvm-dev (Mailing list). Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

microsoft.com

learn.microsoft.com

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msdn.microsoft.com

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microsoft.com

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windows.microsoft.com

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devblogs.microsoft.com

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blogs.msdn.microsoft.com

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"Microsoft Raises the Speed Limit with the Availability of 64-Bit Editions of Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional". Microsoft News Center (Press release). April 25, 2005. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

support.microsoft.com

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neowin.net

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nersc.gov

Waldecker, Brian. "AMD Opteron Multicore Processors" (PDF). p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022.

oracle.com

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overclock3d.net

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pagetable.com

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phoronix.com

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qemu.org

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redhat.com

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sec.gov

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servethehome.com

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stackoverflow.com

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supermicro.com

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techreport.com

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theinquirer.net

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theregister.com

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theverge.com

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turboirc.com

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via.com.tw

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viatech.com

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vmware.com

download3.vmware.com

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web.archive.org

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"x86-64 Code Model". Apple. Archived from the original on June 2, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
Kevin Van Vechten (August 9, 2006). "re: Intel XNU bug report". Darwin-dev mailing list. Apple Computer. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2006. The kernel and developer tools have standardized on "x86_64" for the name of the Mach-O architecture
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"AMD Releases x86-64 Architectural Specification; Enables Market Driven Migration to 64-Bit Computing" (Press release). AMD. August 10, 2000. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
"Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1" (PDF). pp. 4–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
"BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) For AMD Family 10h Processors" (PDF). p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2016. Physical address space increased to 48 bits.
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"5-Level Paging and 5-Level EPT" (PDF). Intel. May 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
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"Intel is Continuing the Yamhill Project?". Neowin. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
""A Roundup of 64-Bit Computing", from internetnews.com". Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
Lapedus, Mark (February 6, 2004). "Intel to demo 'CT' 64-bit processor line at IDF". EDN. AspenCore Media. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
"Intel 64 Architecture". Intel. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2007.
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Stokes, Jon (January 23, 2008). "Isaiah revealed: VIA's new low-power architecture". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on January 27, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
"VIA Launches VIA Nano Processor Family" (Press release). VIA. May 29, 2008. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
"VIA Isaiah Architecture Introduction" (PDF). VIA. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Weimer, Florian (July 10, 2020). "New x86-64 micro-architecture levels". llvm-dev (Mailing list). Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
Weimer, Florian (January 5, 2021). "Building Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 for the x86-64-v2 microarchitecture level". Red Hat developer blog. Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
"System V Application Binary Interface Low Level System Information". x86-64 psABI repo. January 29, 2021. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021 – via GitLab.
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"ChangeLog/7.2 - QEMU". wiki.qemu.org. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
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"VMware and CPU Virtualization Technology" (PDF). VMware. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
"AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 3: General-Purpose and System Instructions" (PDF). AMD. May 2018. p. 419. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
"Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 2 (2A, 2B & 2C): Instruction Set Reference, A-Z" (PDF). Intel. September 2014. pp. 4–412. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
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