Xinjiang under Qing rule (English Wikipedia)

Toops, Stanley (May 2004). "Demographics and Development in Xinjiang after 1949" (PDF). East-West Center Washington Working Papers (1). East–West Center: 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
Toops, Stanley (May 2004). "Demographics and Development in Xinjiang after 1949" (PDF). East-West Center Washington Working Papers (1). East–West Center: 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2015-08-17.

equmeniakyrkan.se

Hultvall, John. "Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938" (PDF): 6. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Hultvall, John. "Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938" (PDF): 8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

gu.edu.au

www4.gu.edu.au

"Michael Edmund Clarke, In the Eye of Power (doctoral thesis), Brisbane 2004, p37" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
Clarke 2004, p. 37. Clarke, Michael Edmund (2004). In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the "New Great Game" for Central Asia, 1759 – 2004 (PDF) (PhD thesis). Brisbane: Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10.

harvard.edu

dash.harvard.edu

Schluessel, Eric T. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday. Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933 (PDF) (Doctoral dissertation). Harvard. pp. 187–189.
Schluessel, Eric T. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday. Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877–1933 (PDF) (Doctoral dissertation). Harvard. pp. 207, 208.

jstor.org

Perdue 1996, p. 773. Perdue, Peter C. (1996). "Military Mobilization in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century China, Russia, and Mongolia". Modern Asian Studies. 30 (4): 757–793. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00016796. JSTOR 312949. S2CID 146587527.

kobe-u.ac.jp

lib.kobe-u.ac.jp

Wang, Ke (2017). "Between the "Ummah" and "China"：The Qing Dynasty's Rule over Xinjiang Uyghur Society" (PDF). Journal of Intercultural Studies. 48. Kobe University: 204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-01. Retrieved 2019-06-01.

lead.org

casestudies.lead.org

History of Kalmykia

missionskyrkan.se

Hultvall 1981, p. 6. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.
Hultvall 1981, p. 1. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.
Hultvall 1981, p. 10. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.
Hultvall 1981, p. 11. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.
Hultvall 1981, p. 17. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.
Hultvall 1981, p. 18. Hultvall, John (1981). Mission och revolution i Centralasien [Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938] (PDF). STUDIA MISSIONALIA UPSALIENSIA XXXV. Translated by Åhman, Birgitta. Stockholm: Gummessons.

nii.ac.jp

dsr.nii.ac.jp

Mannerheim 1969, p. 50. Mannerheim, C. G. (1969). Across Asia from West to East in 1906-1908, Volume I: Records of the Journey. National Institute of Informatics "Digital Silk Road" / Toyo Bunko. doi:10.20676/00000221.
Mannerheim 1969, pp. 61–. Mannerheim, C. G. (1969). Across Asia from West to East in 1906-1908, Volume I: Records of the Journey. National Institute of Informatics "Digital Silk Road" / Toyo Bunko. doi:10.20676/00000221.

ouigour.fr

Garnaut, Anthony (2008). "From Yunnan to Xinjiang: Governor Yang Zengxin and his Dungan Generals" (PDF). Études orientales (25): 105. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Perdue 1996, p. 773. Perdue, Peter C. (1996). "Military Mobilization in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century China, Russia, and Mongolia". Modern Asian Studies. 30 (4): 757–793. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00016796. JSTOR 312949. S2CID 146587527.

sfu.ca

Caprioni, Elona (2008). "A Look Inside the Heterogeneous World of Women in Northwestern China" (PDF). The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. 3 (2): 151. doi:10.18848/1833-1882/CGP/v03i02/52520. ISSN 1833-1882. Retrieved 2020-08-12.

tibetan-museum-society.org

"The Kalmyk People: A Celebration of History and Culture". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2015-08-17.

u-tokyo.ac.jp

l.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Schluessel, Eric T. (2014). The World as Seen from Yarkand: Ghulām Muḥammad Khān's 1920s Chronicle Mā Tīṭayniŋ wā qiʿasi (PDF). TIAS Central Eurasian Research Series. NIHU Program Islamic Area Studies. p. 9. ISBN 978-4-904039-83-0. Retrieved 2016-06-22.

web.archive.org

"Michael Edmund Clarke, In the Eye of Power (doctoral thesis), Brisbane 2004, p37" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
Clarke 2004, p. 37. Clarke, Michael Edmund (2004). In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the "New Great Game" for Central Asia, 1759 – 2004 (PDF) (PhD thesis). Brisbane: Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10.
Toops, Stanley (May 2004). "Demographics and Development in Xinjiang after 1949" (PDF). East-West Center Washington Working Papers (1). East–West Center: 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
Zhao 2006, pp. 11,12, 13.
Zhao 2006, pp. 11–12.
Zhao 2006, p. 18.
Zhao 2006, p. 19.
Zhao 2006, p. 25.
Toops, Stanley (May 2004). "Demographics and Development in Xinjiang after 1949" (PDF). East-West Center Washington Working Papers (1). East–West Center: 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2015-08-17.
"The Kalmyk People: A Celebration of History and Culture". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2015-08-17.
Wang, Ke (2017). "Between the "Ummah" and "China"：The Qing Dynasty's Rule over Xinjiang Uyghur Society" (PDF). Journal of Intercultural Studies. 48. Kobe University: 204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-01. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
Garnaut, Anthony (2008). "From Yunnan to Xinjiang: Governor Yang Zengxin and his Dungan Generals" (PDF). Études orientales (25): 105. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Tso Tsung-t'ang" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. p. 766.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Caprioni, Elona (2008). "A Look Inside the Heterogeneous World of Women in Northwestern China" (PDF). The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. 3 (2): 151. doi:10.18848/1833-1882/CGP/v03i02/52520. ISSN 1833-1882. Retrieved 2020-08-12.

yumpu.com

Hultvall, John. "Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892–1938": 11. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)