Xiongnu language (English Wikipedia)

Vovin 2015. Vovin, Alexander (2015). ONCE AGAIN ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE TITLE qaγan. Cracovie: Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,543^rd place; English: 4,480^th place)

Taşağıl, Ahmet (1 May 2005). "TURKISH - MONGOLIAN RELATIONS IN THE EARLY PERIOD". Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (13): 20–24. ISSN 1694-5093.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Tishin, V. V. (2018). "Kimäk and Chù-Mù-Kūn 處木昆: Notes on an Identifi Cation". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia. 46 (3): 107–113. doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.107-113.
Fries, Simon (2025). "Linguistic Evidence Suggests that Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language". Transactions of the Philological Society. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12321.
Vovin, Alexander (2020). "Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 2 (2): 315–322. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340036. ISSN 2589-8825.
Savelyev & Jeong 2020. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwoon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-772B-4. PMC 7612788. PMID 35663512.
Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025-06-16). "Linguistic Evidence Suggests that Xiōng‐nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo‐Siberian Language". Transactions of the Philological Society. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12321. ISSN 0079-1636.
Jingyi Gao 高晶一 (2017). "Xia and Ket Identified by Sinitic and Yeniseian Shared Etymologies // 確定夏國及凱特人的語言為屬於漢語族和葉尼塞語系共同詞源". Central Asiatic Journal. 60 (1–2): 51–58. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.60.1-2.0051. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
Kim, Hyun Jin (29 March 2017). "The Xiongnu". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.50. ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7.
Vovin, Alexander (1 December 2020). "Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 2 (2): 315–322. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340036.
Otani, Ikue (1 July 2020). "A reconsideration of a Chinese inscription carved on lacquerware unearthed from Barrow No. 7 of the Tsaram Xiongnu cemetery (Buryatia, Russia): new reflections on the organization of the central workshops of the Han". Asian Archaeology. 3 (1–2): 59–70. doi:10.1007/s41826-019-00025-y.

glottolog.org (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 4,303^rd place)

"Glottolog 4.6 - Xiong-Nu". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-08-21.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Savelyev & Jeong 2020. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwoon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-772B-4. PMC 7612788. PMID 35663512.

harrassowitz-library.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

caj.harrassowitz-library.com

Jingyi Gao 高晶一 (2017). "Xia and Ket Identified by Sinitic and Yeniseian Shared Etymologies // 確定夏國及凱特人的語言為屬於漢語族和葉尼塞語系共同詞源". Central Asiatic Journal. 60 (1–2): 51–58. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.60.1-2.0051. Retrieved 2022-08-25.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358^th place; English: 433^rd place)

Shapur Shahbazi, A. "SASANIAN DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition. Retrieved 2012-09-03.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Chen, Sanping (1998). "Sino-Tokharico-Altaica — Two Linguistic Notes". Central Asiatic Journal. 42 (1): 24–43. JSTOR 41928134.
Vovin 2000, p. 87. Vovin, Alexander (2000). "Did the Xiong-nu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal. 44 (1): 87–104. JSTOR 41928223.
Vovin 2000, p. 87-104. Vovin, Alexander (2000). "Did the Xiong-nu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal. 44 (1): 87–104. JSTOR 41928223.
Parker, Edward Harper (1896). "The Origin of the Turks". The English Historical Review. 11 (43): 431–445. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 547136.

kulichki.net (Global: 4,907^th place; English: low place)

gumilevica.kulichki.net

Bacot J. "Reconnaissance en Haute Asie Seplentrionale par cinq envoyes ouigours au VIII siecle" // Journal Asiatique, Vol. 254, No 2,. 1956, p.147, in Gumilev L.N., "Ancient Türks", Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch.27 http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot27.htm (In Russian)

lingviko.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zhingwei, Feng. "发表于《Aspects of Foreign Words/Loanwords in the Word's language》 (The Multi-Faceted Nature of Language Policies that Aim to Standardize and Revive Language), Proceedings for 11th International Symposium, The National Institute for Japanese Language, p200-229, 2004, Tokyo" (PDF).

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Savelyev & Jeong 2020. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwoon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-772B-4. PMC 7612788. PMID 35663512.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Savelyev & Jeong 2020. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwoon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-772B-4. PMC 7612788. PMID 35663512.

nl.go.kr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"자료검색>상세_기사 | 국립중앙도서관" (in Korean). 2018-10-02. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2022-08-25.

pressian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

교수, 김운회 동양대 (2005-08-30). "금관의 나라, 신라". www.pressian.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-08-25.

sinica.edu.tw (Global: 2,100^th place; English: 4,490^th place)

www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw

Pulleyblank, Edwin George (1963). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese. Part II" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 264. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2011-02-06.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Otani, Ikue (1 July 2020). "A reconsideration of a Chinese inscription carved on lacquerware unearthed from Barrow No. 7 of the Tsaram Xiongnu cemetery (Buryatia, Russia): new reflections on the organization of the central workshops of the Han". Asian Archaeology. 3 (1–2): 59–70. doi:10.1007/s41826-019-00025-y.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Pulleyblank, Edwin George (1963). "The consonantal system of Old Chinese. Part II" (PDF). Asia Major. 9: 264. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
조선일보 (2020-08-04). "경주 사천왕사(寺) 사천왕상(四天王像) 왜 4개가 아니라 3개일까". 조선일보 (in Korean). Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
"자료검색>상세_기사 | 국립중앙도서관" (in Korean). 2018-10-02. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2022-08-25.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025-06-16). "Linguistic Evidence Suggests that Xiōng‐nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo‐Siberian Language". Transactions of the Philological Society. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12321. ISSN 0079-1636.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Vovin, Alexander (2020). "Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 2 (2): 315–322. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340036. ISSN 2589-8825.
Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025-06-16). "Linguistic Evidence Suggests that Xiōng‐nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo‐Siberian Language". Transactions of the Philological Society. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12321. ISSN 0079-1636.
Parker, Edward Harper (1896). "The Origin of the Turks". The English Historical Review. 11 (43): 431–445. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 547136.
Taşağıl, Ahmet (1 May 2005). "TURKISH - MONGOLIAN RELATIONS IN THE EARLY PERIOD". Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (13): 20–24. ISSN 1694-5093.

Xiongnu language (English Wikipedia)

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dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,543rd place; English: 4,480th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

glottolog.org (Global: 2,032nd place; English: 4,303rd place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harrassowitz-library.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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iranicaonline.org (Global: 358th place; English: 433rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

kulichki.net (Global: 4,907th place; English: low place)

gumilevica.kulichki.net

lingviko.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nl.go.kr (Global: low place; English: low place)

pressian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sinica.edu.tw (Global: 2,100th place; English: 4,490th place)

www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw

springer.com (Global: 274th place; English: 309th place)

link.springer.com

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wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; English: 297th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brill.com (Global: 1,840^th place; English: 1,115^th place)

chosun.com (Global: 342^nd place; English: 357^th place)

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,734^th place; English: 1,312^th place)

dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,543^rd place; English: 4,480^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

glottolog.org (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 4,303^rd place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358^th place; English: 433^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

kulichki.net (Global: 4,907^th place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

sinica.edu.tw (Global: 2,100^th place; English: 4,490^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)