Carboneras 1992, p. 172. Carboneras, Carles (1992). "Family Gaviidae (Divers)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 162–172. ISBN84-87334-10-5.
Carboneras 1992, p. 162. Carboneras, Carles (1992). "Family Gaviidae (Divers)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 162–172. ISBN84-87334-10-5.
Carboneras 1992, p. 169. Carboneras, Carles (1992). "Family Gaviidae (Divers)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 162–172. ISBN84-87334-10-5.