ZX Spectrum (English Wikipedia)

Slabihoud, Stephan (2000). "The PCB-Gallery - Didaktik Gamma". 8bit-museum.de. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Mott 2000, p. 76. Mott, Tony (January 2000). "Videogaming: The Odyssey". Edge. No. 80. Bath: Future plc.^{[dead link]}
Crookes, David (10 March 2016). "Fancy a Fresh Slice of Pi?". Micro Mart (1404). Dennis Publishing: 8–10, 12, 14, 16 – via the Internet Archive. ProQuest 1787168972.
Kean 1985b, p. 126. Kean, Roger (May 1985). "The Sinclair Story: Part Two". Crash (16). Ludlow: Newsfield Publications Ltd. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
Laurie 1981, p. 113. Laurie, Peter (April 1981). "ZX80 Line-Up". Practical Computing. 4 (4). Sutton: IPC Electrical Press Ltd.
Hayes 1981, p. 119. Hayes, Brian (January 1981). "The first personal computer for under $200". Byte Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 1. New Hampshire: Byte Publications. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
Adams 1982, p. 14. Adams, Stephen (July 1982). "Taking the lid off the Spectrum". Sinclair User (4). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Gore 1982, p. 38. Gore, Brendan (July 1982). "The Engineer Behind The Spectrum". Your Computer. London.
Gore 1982, pp. 38–39. Gore, Brendan (July 1982). "The Engineer Behind The Spectrum". Your Computer. London.
Gore 1982, p. 39. Gore, Brendan (July 1982). "The Engineer Behind The Spectrum". Your Computer. London.
Adams 1982, p. 52. Adams, Stephen (July 1982). "Taking the lid off the Spectrum". Sinclair User (4). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Clark 1982, p. 4. Clark, Nigel (June 1982). "Sinclair User Magazine Issue 003". Sinclair User (3). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Clark 1982, p. 14. Clark, Nigel (June 1982). "Sinclair User Magazine Issue 003". Sinclair User (3). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Kean 1985b, p. 127. Kean, Roger (May 1985). "The Sinclair Story: Part Two". Crash (16). Ludlow: Newsfield Publications Ltd. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
Clark 1982, p. 43. Clark, Nigel (June 1982). "Sinclair User Magazine Issue 003". Sinclair User (3). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Clark 1982, p. 44. Clark, Nigel (June 1982). "Sinclair User Magazine Issue 003". Sinclair User (3). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Johnston 1982, p. 4. Johnston, Mike (October 1982). "Spectrum excuses run out". Sinclair User (7). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Pratt 1982a, p. 4. Pratt, Terry (June 1982). "Sinclair's new baby". Computer and Video Games (8). Bath: Future plc.
Popular Computing Weekly 1983a, p. 1. "Spectrum sales top 200,000". Popular Computing Weekly. 2 (7). Bath: Future plc. 17 February 1983.
Backhurst 1983b, p. 14. Backhurst, Nigel (10 May 1983b). "Spectrums 'to double'". Home Computing Weekly (10). London: Argus Specialist Publications.
Popular Computing Weekly 1983c, p. 1. "Spectrum tops 1/2 million mark". Popular Computing Weekly. 2 (31). Bath: Future plc. 4 August 1983.
Popular Computing Weekly 1983d, p. 5. "1m Spectrums". Popular Computing Weekly. 2 (51). Bath: Future plc. 22 December 1983.
Advertisement (December 1983). "Now from Timex...a powerful new computer". BYTE. p. 281. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
Bradbeer 1983, p. 83. Bradbeer, Robin (March 1983). "Timex upgrades Spectrum". Sinclair User. Vol. 12. London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023 – via Internet Archive.
Segre 1983, p. 18. Segre, Nicole (November 1983). "Sinclair profit is more than £14m". Sinclair User (20). London: EMAP. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Bourne 1985a, p. 7. Bourne, Chris (March 1985). "Sinclair declares Spectrum price war". Sinclair User (36). London: EMAP.
Denham 1984a, p. 4. Denham, Sue (March 1984). "The complete quantum leap benchtest". Your Spectrum (2). Bath: Future plc.
Sawford 1984, p. 47. Sawford, Bruce (July 1984). "QL news". Your Sinclair (5). Bath: Future plc.
Munford 1984, p. 72. Munford, Roger (September 1984). "Lunch with Sir Clive". Your Spectrum (7). Bath: Future plc.
Scolding 1986, p. 7. Scolding, Bill (May 1986). "Amstrad axes QL in Sinclair sell out". Sinclair User (50). Bath: Future plc: 7.
Phillips 1986, p. 47. Phillips, Max (November 1986). "ZX Spectrum +2". Your Sinclair (11). Bath: Future plc.
Nash 1984, p. 217. Nash, John (1984). Effective scientific problem solving with small computers. Reston: Reston Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-8359-1596-0.
"The High Street Spectrum". ZX Computing: 43. February 1983. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Gilbert 1983a, p. 13. Gilbert, John (June 1983). "Spectrum prices are slashed". Sinclair User (15). London: EMAP.
Popular Computing Weekly 1983b, p. 6. "Urgent recall notice". Popular Computing Weekly. 2 (9). Bath: Future plc. 3 March 1983.
Backhurst 1983a, p. 5. Backhurst, Nigel (15 March 1983a). "Big response to call back". Home Computing Weekly (2). London: Argus Specialist Publications.
Denham 1984b, p. 104. Denham, Sue (December 1984). "The secret that was Spectrum+". Your Spectrum (10). Bath: Future plc.
Goodwin, Simon (December 1987). "Tech Tips – +3 Faults". Crash. No. 48. p. 145. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
Frey 1985, p. 5. Frey, Franco (November 1985). "Kept in the dark". Crash (22). Ludlow: Newsfield Publications Ltd.
Bourne 1985b, p. 5. Bourne, Chris (November 1985). "Sinclair declares Spectrum price war". Sinclair User (44). London: EMAP.
Frey 1986, p. 11. Frey, Franco (March 1986). "Launch of the 128". Crash (26). Ludlow: Newsfield Publications Ltd.
"Amstrad Kills Plus 3". Crash. No. 82. Newsfield. November 1990. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
"Death Of The +3". Your Sinclair. No. 60. Future Publishing. December 1990. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
South 1984, p. 61. South, Phil (November 1984). "Watford plugs the gap". Your Spectrum (9). Bath: Future plc.
Gilbert 1983b, p. 14. Gilbert, John (July 1983). "Programs program". Sinclair User (16). Bath: Future plc.
Bradbeer 1982, pp. 14–15. Bradbeer, Robin (June 1982). "Early promise is shown by colourful Spectrum". Sinclair User (3). London: EMAP.
Hartnell 1982, pp. 20–21. Hartnell, Tim (June 1982). "Review: Sinclair ZX Spectrum". Your Computer. Vol. 2, no. 6. London: IPC Business Press Ltd. pp. 20–22.
Hartnell 1982, p. 22. Hartnell, Tim (June 1982). "Review: Sinclair ZX Spectrum". Your Computer. Vol. 2, no. 6. London: IPC Business Press Ltd. pp. 20–22.
Pratt 1982b, p. 3. Pratt, Terry (July 1982). "Z-Extra: Spectrum analysis". Computer and Video Games (9). Bath: Future plc.
Tebbutt 1982, p. 118. Tebbutt, David (June 1982). "Benchtest: Sinclair ZX Spectrum". Personal Computer World. 5 (6). London: Incisive Media. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
Williams 1983, p. 40. Williams, Gregg (January 1983). "Microcomputer, British Style / The Fifth Personal Computer World Show". Byte. San Francisco: UBM Technology Group.
Hunt 2010, p. 24. Hunt, Stuart (February 2010). "The Ultimate Hero: A Complete History of Sabreman". Retro Gamer (73). Bath: Future plc. ISSN 1742-3155. OCLC 489477015.
Hunt 2010, pp. 24–31. Hunt, Stuart (February 2010). "The Ultimate Hero: A Complete History of Sabreman". Retro Gamer (73). Bath: Future plc. ISSN 1742-3155. OCLC 489477015.

avclub.com (Global: 227^th place; English: 126^th place)

Hughes, William (28 December 2018). "Bandersnatch's stockpile of Black Mirror easter eggs includes a playable video game take on an old episode". The A.V. Club. New York City: G/O Media. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2018.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

Day, Peter (9 September 2014). "How Dundee became a computer games centre". BBC News. London. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Cellan-Jones, Rory (23 April 2012). "The Spectrum, the Pi - and the coding backlash". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
Kelion, Leo (19 April 2012). "ZX Spectrum's chief designers reunited 30 years on". BBC News. London: BBC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
"Sinclair Spectrum designer Rick Dickinson dies in US". BBC News. London: BBC. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023.
Kelion, Leo (2 December 2014). "Syntax era: Sir Clive Sinclair's ZX Spectrum revolution". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
"Sir Clive Sinclair: Tireless inventor ahead of his time". BBC News. London. 16 September 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
"The 80s home computer boom (video)". BBC Radio 4. London: BBC. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
"ZX Spectrum Next Issue 2 blasts through Kickstarter goal". BBC News. 13 August 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

news.bbc.co.uk

"How the Spectrum began a revolution". BBC. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Kelion, Leo (23 April 2012). "Sinclair's ZX Spectrum turns 30". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.

bioeddie.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Psion Vu-3D". Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.

boe.es (Global: 341^st place; English: 748^th place)

(in Spanish) Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda (BOE 211 de 3 September 1985), Real Decreto 1558/1985, de 28 de agosto, por el que se aclara el alcance del mínimo específico introducido en la subpartida 84.53.B.II del Arancel de Aduanas, por el Real Decreto 1215/1985 Archived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Rango: Real Decreto, Páginas: 27743 – 27744, Referencia: 1985/18847.
(in Spanish) Ministerio de Industria y Energía (BOE 179 de 27 July 1985), Real Decreto 1250/1985, de 19 de junio, por el que se establece la sujeción a especificaciones técnicas de los terminales de pantalla con teclado, periféricos para entrada y representación de información en equipo de proceso de datos Archived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Rango: Real Decreto, Páginas: 23840–23841, Referencia: 1985/15611.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Penix-Tadsen 2019, p. 14-16. Penix-Tadsen, Phillip (2019). Video Games and the Global South. New York City: Lulu. ISBN 978-0-359-64139-0. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
Švelch, Jaroslav (2018). Gaming the Iron Curtain: how teenagers and amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia claimed the medium of computer games. Game Histories. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-0-262-03884-3.

bt.com (Global: 7,592^nd place; English: 4,445^th place)

home.bt.com

Lewis, Rhys (23 April 2016). "April 23, 1982: ZX Spectrum brings affordable – and colourful – computing into Britain's homes". London: British Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

comboios.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Timex Computer 2068 specifications". Timex Computer World. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
"Timex Computer 2048 specifications". Timex Computer World. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

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"Timex Sinclair 2068 - RTO - Computer - Computing History". The Centre for Computing History. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
"Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128". The Centre for Computing History. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2009.

crashonline.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kept in the Dark". CRASH. No. 22. November 1985. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2006.
Kidd 1986, p. 7. Kidd, Graham (May 1986). "Amstrad has bought Sinclair Research". CRASH (28). Bath: Future plc. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
Frey, Franco (May 1984). "Epicventuring and Multiplayer Networking". CRASH (4): 46–47. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
Foot, Cathy (November 1985). "Microdrive revisited". CRASH (22): 8. Archived from the original on 22 August 2006. Retrieved 10 August 2006.
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"St. George's Day / The 30th Anniversary of the ZX Spectrum". Archived from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

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Brown, Nathan (23 April 2012). "The making of the ZX Spectrum". Edge. Bath: Future plc. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

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worldwide.espacenet.com

EP patent 0107687, Richard Francis Altwasser, "Display for a computer", issued 6 July 1988, assigned to Sinclair Research Ltd

eurogamer.net (Global: 264^th place; English: 185^th place)

"Face off – ZX Spectrum vs Commodore 64". Eurogamer. Bath: Future plc. 29 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
Wales, Matt (27 August 2024). "ZX Spectrum recreation coming this November from team behind Atari 400 Mini, rubber keys and all". Eurogamer. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
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Yin-Poole, Wesley (8 July 2016). "When Kickstarters go bad: chasing down the Recreated ZX Spectrum". Eurogamer. Bath: Future plc. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

f9.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"News: New Spectrum launch". Sinclair User (33): 11. December 1984. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 19 August 2006.
"Clive discovers games – at last". Sinclair User (49): 53. April 1985. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006.
"News: Some surprises in the Microdrive". Sinclair User (18): 15. September 1983. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2006.
Adams, Stephen (October 1983). "Hardware World: Spectrum receives its biggest improvement". Sinclair User (19): 27–29. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2006.
"Hardware World: Sinclair cartridges may be out of step". Sinclair User (21): 35. December 1983. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2006.
"Hardware World: Clear speech from Currah module". Sinclair User (21): 40. December 1983. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2006.
"Hardware World: Emperor Looks Good". Sinclair User (31): 31. October 1984. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
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ntnu.no (Global: 6,459^th place; English: 6,427^th place)

nvg.ntnu.no

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theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

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thetimes.com (Global: 221^st place; English: 110^th place)

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verkami.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,125^th place)

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wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

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worldofspectrum.org (Global: 7,661^st place; English: 5,622^nd place)

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Amstrad (November 1987). "The new Sinclair has one big disk advantage". Sinclair User (68): 2–3. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
"Timex Computer 2068 Emulator Cartridge specs". World of Spectrum. Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
Frey, Franco (February 1987). "Tech Niche: Videoface to Face". CRASH (37): 86–87. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Frey, Franco (March 1986). "Tech Niche: Multifaceted device". CRASH (36): 86. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Frey, Franco (March 1987). "Tech Niche: Pure Gospel". CRASH (38): 82–83. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
"Prism VTX 5000". World of Spectrum. Home Computer Advanced Course. 1984. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
Vickers, Steven; Bradbeer, Robin (1982). "6. Using the cassette recorder". Sinclair ZX Spectrum: Introduction. Sinclair Research Ltd. p. 21. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
van der Heide, Martijn. "Books". World of Spectrum. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
Pearce, Nick (October–November 1982). "Zap! Pow! Boom!". ZX Computing: 75. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Wetherill 1984, p. 126. Wetherill, Steven (June 1984). "Tasword Two: The Word Processor". Crash (5). Bath: Future plc.
Carter, Alasdair (October–November 1983). "VU-3D". ZX Computing: 76–77. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

yorkdistribution.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Power supply for Spectrum 128, +2A, +3". York Distribution Limited. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2012.

ysrnry.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Alway, Robin. "So what really has happened to the SAM Coupé?". Your Sinclair (56): 40. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
"The YS Top 100 Speccy Games Of All Time (Ever!)". Your Sinclair (70): 31. October 1991. Archived from the original on 16 August 2006. Retrieved 13 June 2007.

zqaonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Timex/Sinclair history". ZQAOnline. Archived from the original on 17 July 2006. Retrieved 15 December 2006.

zx-touch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ZX Touch – ZX Spectrum handheld console". ZX Touch. Retrieved 12 April 2025.

ZX Spectrum (English Wikipedia)

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