References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Æthelwulf, King of Wessex" in the English version

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Keynes 1995, pp. 22, 30–37; Williams 1991b; Kirby 2000, p. 152. Keynes, Simon (1995). "England, 700–900". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 2, c.700–c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–42. ISBN 978-1-13905571-0. Williams, Ann (1991b). "Ecgberht King of Wessex 802–39". In Williams, Ann; Smyth, Alfred P.; Kirby, D. P. (eds.). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain. London, UK: Seaby. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7. Kirby, D. P. (2000). The Earliest English Kings (Revised ed.). London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24211-8.

Edwards 2004. Edwards, Heather (2004). "Ecgberht [Egbert] (d. 839), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8581. Retrieved 5 April 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Keynes 1993, pp. 113–19; Brooks 1984, pp. 132–36. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254. Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1182-4.

Nelson 2004a. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Nelson 2004b. Nelson, Janet L. (2004b). "Osburh [Osburga] (fl. 839)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20887. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Hodgkin 1935, pp. 497, 721; Stenton 1971, p. 236, n. 1; Abels 1998, p. 50; Nelson 2004b. Hodgkin, R. H. (1935). A History of the Anglo-Saxons. Vol. 2. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1350966. Stenton, Frank M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5. Nelson, Janet L. (2004b). "Osburh [Osburga] (fl. 839)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20887. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Miller 2004. Miller, Sean (2004). "Æthelred I [Ethelred I] (d. 871), King of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8913. Retrieved 24 March 2014. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Nelson 2004a; Williams 1991a. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Williams, Ann (1991a). "Æthelwulf King of Wessex 839-58". In Williams, Ann; Smyth, Alfred P.; Kirby, D. P. (eds.). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain. London, UK: Seaby. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7.

Keynes 1993, pp. 120–21. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254.

Keynes 1993, pp. 112–20. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254.

Keynes 1993, pp. 120–21; Keynes 1995, p. 40. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254. Keynes, Simon (1995). "England, 700–900". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 2, c.700–c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–42. ISBN 978-1-13905571-0.

Keynes 1995, pp. 40–41. Keynes, Simon (1995). "England, 700–900". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 2, c.700–c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–42. ISBN 978-1-13905571-0.

Wormald 1982, p. 140; Brooks 1984, p. 200; Keynes 1994, p. 1114 n. 3; S 281. Wormald, Patrick (1982). "The Ninth Century". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. London, UK: Penguin Books. pp. 132–59. ISBN 978-0-7148-2149-8. Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1182-4. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266. "S 281". The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2015.

Wormald 1982, p. 140; Keynes 1994, pp. 1112–13. Wormald, Patrick (1982). "The Ninth Century". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. London, UK: Penguin Books. pp. 132–59. ISBN 978-0-7148-2149-8. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266.

Nelson 2004a; Keynes 1993, p. 124; Brooks 1984, pp. 197–201; Story 2003, p. 223; Blair 2005, p. 124. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254. Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1182-4. Story, Joanna (2003). Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-0124-2. Blair, John (2005). The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921117-3.

Keynes 1993, pp. 124–27; Nelson 2004a. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Keynes 1993, pp. 127–28. Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". Early Medieval Europe. 2 (2). Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 111–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x. ISSN 1468-0254.

Keynes 1994, pp. 1109–23; Nelson 2004a. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Yorke 1995, pp. 23–24, 98–99; Nelson 2004a; Finberg 1964, p. 189. Yorke, Barbara (1995). Wessex in the Early Middle Ages. London, UK: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1856-X. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Finberg, H. P. R. (1964). The Early Charters of Wessex. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. OCLC 3977243.

Nelson 2004a; Story 2003, p. 227. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Story, Joanna (2003). Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-0124-2.

Keynes 1994, pp. 1119–20. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266.

Kelly 2005, pp. 65–67; Finberg 1964, pp. 187–206; Keynes 1994, pp. 1102–22; Nelson 2004c, p. 15; Pratt 2007, p. 66. Kelly, Susan (2005). Charters of Malmesbury Abbey. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726317-4. Finberg, H. P. R. (1964). The Early Charters of Wessex. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. OCLC 3977243. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266. Nelson, Janet L. (2004c). "England and the Continent in the Ninth Century: III, Rights and Rituals". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (14). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 1–24. Pratt, David (2007). The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-12644-1.

Keynes 1994, pp. 1119–21; Williams 2014; Wormald 2001, p. 267; Keynes 2009, p. 467; Nelson 2004c, p. 3. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266. Williams, Ann (2014). "Land Tenure". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 282–83. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1. Wormald, Patrick (2001). "Kingship and Royal Property from Æthelwulf to Edward the Elder". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.). Edward the Elder 899–924. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 264–79. ISBN 0-415-21497-1. Keynes, Simon (2009). "King Æthelred's Charter for Eynsham Abbey (1005)". In Baxter, Stephen; Karkov, Catherine; Nelson, Janet L.; Pelteret, David (eds.). Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. pp. 451–73. ISBN 978-0-7546-6331-7. Nelson, Janet L. (2004c). "England and the Continent in the Ninth Century: III, Rights and Rituals". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (14). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 1–24.

Keynes 1994, pp. 1119–21. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "The West Saxon Charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons". English Historical Review. 109 (434). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 1109–49. doi:10.1093/ehr/cix.434.1109. ISSN 0013-8266.

Nelson 1997, pp. 144–46; Nelson 2004a. Nelson, Janet L. (1997). "The Franks and the English in the Ninth Century Reconsidered". In Szarmach, Paul E.; Rosenthal, Joel T. (eds.). The Preservation and Transmission of Anglo-Saxon Culture: Selected Papers from the 1991 Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists (PDF). Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. pp. 141–58. ISBN 1-879288-90-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2017. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Enright 1979, pp. 291–301. Enright, Michael J. (1979). "Charles the Bald and Æthelwulf of Wessex: Alliance of 856 and Strategies of Royal Succession". Journal of Medieval History. 5 (1). Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland: 291–302. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(79)90003-4. ISSN 0304-4181.

Abels 1998, pp. 80–82; Enright 1979, pp. 291–302. Enright, Michael J. (1979). "Charles the Bald and Æthelwulf of Wessex: Alliance of 856 and Strategies of Royal Succession". Journal of Medieval History. 5 (1). Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland: 291–302. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(79)90003-4. ISSN 0304-4181.

Kirby 2000, pp. 167–69; Nelson 2004a. Kirby, D. P. (2000). The Earliest English Kings (Revised ed.). London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24211-8. Nelson, Janet L. (2004a). "Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of the West Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39264. Retrieved 8 March 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Enright 1979, p. 295. Enright, Michael J. (1979). "Charles the Bald and Æthelwulf of Wessex: Alliance of 856 and Strategies of Royal Succession". Journal of Medieval History. 5 (1). Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland: 291–302. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(79)90003-4. ISSN 0304-4181.

esawyer.org.uk

Abels 1998, pp. 32–33; S 319. "S 319". The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

S 316. "S 316". The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters. Retrieved 10 July 2015.

jstor.org

Abels 2002, p. 85. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc.

Abels 2002, pp. 86–87. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc.

Abels 2002, p. 88. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc.

Stenton 1971, p. 308; Abels 2002, pp. 88–89; Keynes 2009, p. 467. Stenton, Frank M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc. Keynes, Simon (2009). "King Æthelred's Charter for Eynsham Abbey (1005)". In Baxter, Stephen; Karkov, Catherine; Nelson, Janet L.; Pelteret, David (eds.). Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. pp. 451–73. ISBN 978-0-7546-6331-7.

Keynes 1998, p. 7; Abels 2002, p. 89. Keynes, Simon (1998). "King Alfred and the Mercians". In Blackburn, Mark A. S.; Dumville, David N. (eds.). Kings, Currency and Alliances: History and Coinage of Southern England in the Ninth Century. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. pp. 1–45. ISBN 0-85115-598-7. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc.

Abels 2002, pp. 89–91; Yorke 1990, pp. 149–50. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc. Yorke, Barbara (1990). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16639-X.

Yorke 1990, pp. 149–50; Abels 2002, pp. 90–91. Yorke, Barbara (1990). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16639-X. Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. ISBN 1-84383-008-6. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81qkc.

oxforddnb.com

web.archive.org

Abels 1998, pp. 32–33; S 319. "S 319". The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

Grueber & Keary 1893, pp. 9, 17 no. 19, Plate III.4; Early Medieval Coins & Fitzwilliam Museum. Grueber, Herbert A.; Keary, Charles Francis (1893). A Catalogue of English Coins in the British Museum: Anglo-Saxon Series (PDF). Vol. 2. London, UK: Printed by Order of the Trustees. OCLC 650118125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2012. "Early Medieval Coins: EMC number 2001.0016". Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.

Nelson 1997, p. 143. Nelson, Janet L. (1997). "The Franks and the English in the Ninth Century Reconsidered". In Szarmach, Paul E.; Rosenthal, Joel T. (eds.). The Preservation and Transmission of Anglo-Saxon Culture: Selected Papers from the 1991 Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists (PDF). Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. pp. 141–58. ISBN 1-879288-90-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2017.

O'Keeffe 1996, pp. 35–36. O'Keeffe, Katherine O'Brien (Winter 1996). "Deor" (PDF). Old English Newsletter. 29 (2). Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University: 35–36. ISSN 0030-1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2015.

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Stevenson 1904, p. 186. Stevenson, William Henry (1904). Asser's Life of King Alfred. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 1354216.

Oxford English Dictionary 1933. "Decimation". The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1971 [1933]. p. 661. OCLC 67218777.

Kelly 2005, p. 65; Stevenson 1904, pp. 186–91. Kelly, Susan (2005). Charters of Malmesbury Abbey. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726317-4. Stevenson, William Henry (1904). Asser's Life of King Alfred. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 1354216.

Wilson 1964, pp. 2, 22, 34, 142; Webster 1991, pp. 268–69; Pratt 2007, p. 65. Wilson, David M. (1964). Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700–1100 in the British Museum. London, UK: The Trustees of the British Museum. OCLC 183495. Webster, Leslie (1991). "The Age of Alfred: Metalwork, Wood and Bone". In Webster, Leslie; Backhouse, Janet (eds.). The Making of England: Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture AD 600–900. London, UK: The Trustees of the British Museum. pp. 268–83. ISBN 0-7141-0555-4. Pratt, David (2007). The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-12644-1.

Wilson 1964, p. 22. Wilson, David M. (1964). Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700–1100 in the British Museum. London, UK: The Trustees of the British Museum. OCLC 183495.

Hodgkin 1935, pp. 514–15. Hodgkin, R. H. (1935). A History of the Anglo-Saxons. Vol. 2. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1350966.

Finberg 1964, p. 193. Finberg, H. P. R. (1964). The Early Charters of Wessex. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press. OCLC 3977243.

Æthelwulf, King of Wessex (English Wikipedia)

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