"ofte dirita el la araba `araqa, kovranta nociojn kiaj "spiranta, profunde enradikigita, bone irigaciita," kio povas respeguli la impreson de fekunda apudrivera tero farita el dezertaj araboj. etymonline.com; vidu ankaŭ "Rassam, Suha. (2005-10-31) Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day. Gracewing Publishing, p. 9. ISBN 978-0-85244-633-1.
Halloran, John A.. Sumerian Lexicon (2000). “The name of the very ancient city of URUK- City of Gilgamesh is made up from the UR-city and UK- thought to mean existence (a-ku, a-Ki & a-ko. The Aramaic and Arabic root of IRQ and URQ denotes rivers or tributaries at the same times referring to condensation (of water).”.
