"Osman I".Encyclopedia Britannica. Osman I, also called Osman Gazi, (born c. 1258—died 1324 or 1326), ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Turkish state.
Stone, Norman (2005). "Turkey in the Russian Mirror". En Mark Erickson, Ljubica Erickson (eld.). Russia War, Peace And Diplomacy: Essays in Honour of John Erickson. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-297-84913-1.
Strauss, Johann. (2010) “A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages”, The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul, p. 21–51.
(info page on book en Marten-Lutera Universitato) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338).