Rodriguez, Jorge (2022). «The Medieval Archaeology of Somaliland». Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-085458-4. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.566. «The influence of the Muslim states of Ifat and Adal must have been very shallow: this region is described as “the land of the Somalis” in the medieval texts (Stenhouse 2003, 15), indicating that it was outside the control of Adal and Ahmed Gragn had to conduct several military expeditions to reassure his authority upon the Somali tribes.»
Mohammed, Duri (4 de diciembre de 1955). The Mugads of Harar. University College of Addis Abeba Ethnological Bulletin. p. 1. Consultado el 10 de julio de 2021.
Rodriguez, Jorge (2022). «The Medieval Archaeology of Somaliland». Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-085458-4. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.566. «The influence of the Muslim states of Ifat and Adal must have been very shallow: this region is described as “the land of the Somalis” in the medieval texts (Stenhouse 2003, 15), indicating that it was outside the control of Adal and Ahmed Gragn had to conduct several military expeditions to reassure his authority upon the Somali tribes.»
Dilebo, Lapiso (2003). An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D.. Commercial Printing Enterprise. p. 41. «under the pressure of the neighboring nomads, the Adalite Sultanate was divided into the two regional entities of the Harar Emirate of Adal and the Awssa Sulanate of Adal. The Harer Emirate of Adal, despite the pressure of the Oromo and Somali nomads managed to survive within the walled city of Harar. However the Awssa Sultanate of Adal in the north was overrun by the Afar nomads in the 17th century.»
Dilebo, Lapiso (2003). An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D.. Commercial Printing Enterprise. p. 41. «Like their direct descendants, the Adares of today, the people of ancient Shewa, Yifat, Adal, Harar and Awssa were semitic in their ethnic and linguistic origins. They were neither Somalis nor Afar. But the Somali and Afar nomads were the local subjects of the Adal.»