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Taylor, Kerp y Hass, 2005Taylor, T.N.; Kerp, H.; Hass, H. (2005), «Life history biology of early land plants: Deciphering the gametophyte phase», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America102 (16): 5892-5897, PMC556298, PMID15809414, doi:10.1073/pnas.0501985102.
Kerp, H.; Trewin, N.H.; Hass, H. (2003), «New gametophytes from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert», Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences94 (4): 411-428, S2CID128629425, doi:10.1017/S026359330000078X.
Svedelius, Nils (1927), «Alternation of Generations in Relation to Reduction Division», Botanical Gazette83 (4): 362-384, JSTOR2470766, S2CID84406292, doi:10.1086/333745.
Kirby, 2001Kirby, A. (2001), Ulva, the sea lettuce, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, archivado desde el original el 16 de mayo de 2011, consultado el 1 de enero de 2011.