Encyclopædia Britannica, Jeff Wallenfeldt (2006). «Middle America». Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Consultado el 17 de diciembre de 2019..
jstor.org
Augelli, John P. (June 1962). «The Rimland-Mainland Concept of Culture Areas in Middle America». Annals of the Association of American Geographers: 52 (2): 119-129. JSTOR2561309. «Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, to which the term is normally applicable, share a general [geographic] focus .... For some ... "Middle America" refers only to Mexico and Central America; others add the West Indies and, infrequently, even Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas. Occasionally, the term "Central America" is used synonymously with "Middle America". Also, German geographers often refer to just the isthmian territories from Panama to Guatemala as Mittelamerika.»
