Hunke S (1960). Allahs Sonne über dem Abendland: unser arabisches Erbe(en alemán) (2 edición). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. pp. 279-80. ISBN978-3-596-23543-8. Consultado el 13 de septiembre de 2010. «The science of medicine has gained a great and extremely important discovery and that is the use of general anaesthetics for surgical operations, and how unique, efficient, and merciful for those who tried it the Muslim anaesthetic was. It was quite different from the drinks the Indians, Romans and Greeks were forcing their patients to have for relief of pain. There had been some allegations to credit this discovery to an Italian or to an Alexandrian, but the truth is and history proves that, the art of using the anaesthetic sponge is a pure Muslim technique, which was not known before. The sponge used to be dipped and left in a mixture prepared from cannabis, opium, hyoscyamus and a plant called Zoan.»
Terrell, RC (1986). «Future Development of Volatile Anesthetics». ZAK Zürich. Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin / Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 188. pp. 87-92. ISBN978-3-642-71269-2. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71269-2_12. citing Fülöp-Miller R (1938) Triumph over pain. Literary Guild of America, New York.
