Ateísmo (Spanish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ateísmo" in Spanish language version.

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1911encyclopedia.org

  • «Atheism». Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911. Archivado desde el original el 12 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «The term as generally used, however, is highly ambiguous. Its meaning varies (a) according to the various definitions of deity, and especially (b) according as it is (i.) deliberately adopted by a thinker as a description of his own theological standpoint, or (ii.) applied by one set of thinkers to their opponents. As to (a), it is obvious that atheism from the standpoint of the Christian is a very different conception as compared with atheism as understood by a Deist, a Positivist, a follower of Euhemerus or Herbert Spencer, or a Buddhist.» 
  • «Atheism». Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911. Archivado desde el original el 12 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «But dogmatic atheism is rare compared with the sceptical type, which is identical with agnosticism in so far as it denies the capacity of the mind of man to form any conception of God, but is different from it in so far as the agnostic merely holds his judgment in suspense, though, in practice, agnosticism is apt to result in an attitude towards religion which is hardly distinguishable from a passive and unaggressive atheism.» 

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  • Wallace, B. Alan Ph.D. (November 1999). «Is Buddhism Really Non-Theistic?». National Conference of the American Academy of Religion lectures. Boston, MA. p. 8. Archivado desde el original el 4 de marzo de 2016. Consultado el 22 de julio de 2014. "Thus, in light of the theoretical progression from the bhavaºga to the tath›gatagarbha to the primordial wisdom of the absolute space of reality, Buddhism is not so simply non-theistic as it may appear at first glance."

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britannica.com

  • Nielsen, 2013: "Instead of saying that an atheist is someone who believes that it is false or probably false that there is a God, a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for the following reasons ... : for an anthropomorphic God, the atheist rejects belief in God because it is false or probably false that there is a God; for a nonanthropomorphic God ... because the concept of such a God is either meaningless, unintelligible, contradictory, incomprehensible, or incoherent; for the God portrayed by some modern or contemporary theologians or philosophers ... because the concept of God in question is such that it merely masks an atheistic substance—e.g., "God" is just another name for love, or ... a symbolic term for moral ideals." Nielsen, Kai (2013). «Atheism». Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2013. 
  • «Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2007». Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. 
  • Nielsen, 2013:"atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings. As such, it is usually distinguished from theism, which affirms the reality of the divine and often seeks to demonstrate its existence. Atheism is also distinguished from agnosticism, which leaves open the question whether there is a god or not, professing to find the questions unanswered or unanswerable." Nielsen, Kai (2013). «Atheism». Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2013. 
  • «Atheism as rejection of religious beliefs». Encyclopædia Britannica 1 (15.ª edición). 2011. p. 666. 0852294735. Archivado desde el original el 12 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. 
  • «religion, study of». Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2007. 
  • «Benedict de Spinoza». Encyclopedia Britannica (en inglés). 27 de mayo de 2014. 
  • «Religion: Year in Review 2010: Worldwide Adherents of All Religions». Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. 

buddhistinformation.com

  • V.A. Gunasekara, «The Buddhist Attitude to God». Archivado desde el original el 2 de enero de 2008.  In the Bhuridatta Jataka, "The Buddha argues that the three most commonly given attributes of God, viz. omnipotence, omniscience and benevolence towards humanity cannot all be mutually compatible with the existential fact of dukkha."

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ccel.org

  • La palabra αθεοι—en cualquiera de sus formas—no aparece en ningún otro lugar que en la Septuaginta o el Nuevo Testamento. Robertson, A.T. (1960) [1932]. «Ephesians: Chapter 2». Word Pictures in the New Testament (en inglés). Broadman Press. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «Antigua palabra griega, no en la LXX, sólo aquí en el Nuevo Testamento. Ateos en el sentido original de estar sin Dios y también en el sentido de hostilidad hacia Dios por la falta de adoración hacia él. Véanse las palabras de Pablo en Rom 1:18-32.» 

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  • Martin, 1990, pp. 467–468: "In the popular sense an agnostic neither believes nor disbelieves that God exists, while an atheist disbelieves that God exists. However, this common contrast of agnosticism with atheism will hold only if one assumes that atheism means positive atheism. In the popular sense, agnosticism is compatible with negative atheism. Since negative atheism by definition simply means not holding any concept of God, it is compatible with neither believing nor disbelieving in God." Martin, Michael (1990). Atheism: A Philosophical Justification. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 0-87722-943-0. Archivado desde el original el 19 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. 

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merriam-webster.com

  • «Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary». Archivado desde el original el 14 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «...belief in the existence of a god or gods...» 
  • «Atheism». Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. Merriam Webster. Consultado el 15 de diciembre de 2011. «Critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or divine beings. Unlike agnosticism, which leaves open the question of whether there is a God, atheism is a positive denial. It is rooted in an array of philosophical systems.» 
  • Merriam-Webster Online:Atheism, consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013, «First Known Use: 1546» .

mid-day.com

  • Pattanaik, Devdutt (18 de agosto de 2009). «63 worthy beings». Mid-day. Archivado desde el original el 27 de septiembre de 2012. Consultado el 15 de julio de 2014. 

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onelook.com

  • Most dictionaries (see the OneLook query for "atheism") first list one of the more narrow definitions.
    • Runes, Dagobert D.(editor) (1942). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0-06-463461-2. Archivado desde el original el 13 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «(a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought». 

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  • Simon Blackburn, ed. (2008). «atheism». The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2008 edición). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. «Either the lack of belief that there exists a god, or the belief that there exists none. Sometimes thought itself to be more dogmatic than mere agnosticism, although atheists retort that everyone is an atheist about most gods, so they merely advance one step further.» 

pewforum.org

  • "Timothy Samuel Shah Explains 'Why God is Winning'." 2006-07-18. The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Consultado el 07-04-2011.
  • Cary Funk, Greg Smith. «"Nones" on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation». Pew Research Center. pp. 9, 42. Archivado desde el original el 29 de junio de 2014. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. 
  • «Scientists and Belief». Pew Research Center. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. «A survey of scientists who are members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press in May and June 2009, finds that members of this group are, on the whole, much less religious than the general public.1 Indeed, the survey shows that scientists are roughly half as likely as the general public to believe in God or a higher power. According to the poll, just over half of scientists (51 %) believe in some form of deity or higher power; specifically, 33 % of scientists say they believe in God, while 18 % believe in a universal spirit or higher power.» 

philosophyatuta.blogspot.com

  • Burgess-Jackson, Keith. «Book Review». Philosophy @ UTA blog. Consultado el 20 de abril de 2007. 

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rael.org

  • The Raelian Foundation (2005). Intelligent Design. p. 312. Archivado desde el original el 7 de julio de 2014. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014. 

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reason.sdsu.edu

  • Winfried Schröder, en: Matthias Knutzen: Schriften und Materialien (2010), p. 8. Ver también a Rececca Moore en The Heritage of Western Humanism, Scepticism and Freethought (2011), llamando a Knutzen «el primer abogado abierto de una perspectiva atea moderna». enlaceArchivado el 30 de marzo de 2012 en Wayback Machine.

secularwoman.org

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thefreedictionary.com

  • «atheist». American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2009. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2013. 

theguardian.com

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truthdig.com

  • Harris, Sam (2005). «An Atheist Manifesto». Truthdig. Archivado desde el original el 16 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011. «In a world riven by ignorance, only the atheist refuses to deny the obvious: Religious faith promotes human violence to an astonishing degree.» 

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  • «Definitions: Atheism». Department of Religious Studies, University of Alabama. Consultado el 1 de diciembre de 2012. 

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chronicle.uchicago.edu

  • «Survey on physicians' religious beliefs shows majority faithful». The University of Chicago. Consultado el 8 de abril de 2011. «The first study of physician religious beliefs has found that 76 percent of doctors believe in God and 59 percent believe in some sort of afterlife. The survey, performed by researchers at the University and published in the July issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine, found that 90 percent of doctors in the United States attend religious services at least occasionally compared to 81 percent of all adults.» 

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  • Hanmer, Meredith (1577). The auncient ecclesiasticall histories of the first six hundred years after Christ, written by Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius. London. p. 63. OCLC 55193813. «The opinion which they conceaue of you, to be Atheists, or godlesse men.» 

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