Merritt, M. E.; Donaldson, J. R. (17 de septiembre de 2009). «Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria». Journal of Medical Microbiology58 (12): 1533-1541. ISSN0022-2615. PMID19762477. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.014092-0.
Shanbhogue, Alampady Krishna Prasad; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Prasad, Srinivasa R.; Fasih, Najla; McInnes, Matthew (1 de agosto de 2011). «Benign Biliary Strictures: A Current Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review». American Journal of Roentgenology197 (2): W295-W306. ISSN0361-803X. PMID21785056. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.6002.
Johansson, Ingvar; Lynøe, Niels (2008). Medicine & Philosophy: A Twenty-First Century Introduction. Walter de Gruyter. p. 27. ISBN9783110321364. Consultado el 23 de abril de 2015. «If blood is poured into a glass jar, a process of coagulation and sedimentation starts. It ends with four clearly distinct layers: a red region, a yellowish one, a black one, and a white one (Figure 4, left)... The lowest part of the same column consists of sediment that is too dense to permit light to pass through. Therefore, this part of the column looks black and might be referred to as the 'black bile'. On the top of the column there is a white layer, which we today classify as fibrin; it might correspond to Galen's 'phlegm'. The remaining part is a rather clear but somewhat yellowish fluid that surrounds the coagulated column in the middle. It might be called 'yellow bile', but today we recognize it as blood serum.»
Merritt, M. E.; Donaldson, J. R. (17 de septiembre de 2009). «Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria». Journal of Medical Microbiology58 (12): 1533-1541. ISSN0022-2615. PMID19762477. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.014092-0.
Shanbhogue, Alampady Krishna Prasad; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Prasad, Srinivasa R.; Fasih, Najla; McInnes, Matthew (1 de agosto de 2011). «Benign Biliary Strictures: A Current Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review». American Journal of Roentgenology197 (2): W295-W306. ISSN0361-803X. PMID21785056. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.6002.
Merritt, M. E.; Donaldson, J. R. (17 de septiembre de 2009). «Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria». Journal of Medical Microbiology58 (12): 1533-1541. ISSN0022-2615. PMID19762477. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.014092-0.
Shanbhogue, Alampady Krishna Prasad; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Prasad, Srinivasa R.; Fasih, Najla; McInnes, Matthew (1 de agosto de 2011). «Benign Biliary Strictures: A Current Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review». American Journal of Roentgenology197 (2): W295-W306. ISSN0361-803X. PMID21785056. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.6002.
Bell, G. D. (1 de enero de 1980), «Drugs used in the management of gallstones», en Dukes, M. N. G., ed., Side Effects of Drugs Annual (Elsevier) 4: 258-263, consultado el 20 de enero de 2020.