Lehmann, Johannes. «Terra Preta de Indio». Soil Biochemistry (internal citations omitted). Not only do biochar-enriched soils contain more carbon - 150gC/kg compared to 20-30gC/kg in surrounding soils - but biochar-enriched soils are, on average, more than twice as deep as surrounding soils.[cita requerida]
Lehmann, 2007a, pp. 381, 385 "pyrolysis produces 3–9 times more energy than is invested in generating the energy. At the same time, about half of the carbon can be sequestered in soil. The total carbon stored in these soils can be one order of magnitude higher than adjacent soils. Lehmann, Johannes (2007a). «Bio-energy in the black». Front Ecol Environ5 (7). Consultado el 1 de octubre de 2011.
Lehmann, 2007a, pp. note 3 at 384 "In greenhouse experiments, NOx emissions were reduced by 80% and methane emissions were completely suppressed with biochar additions of 20 g kg-1 (2%) to a forage grass stand." Lehmann, Johannes (2007a). «Bio-energy in the black». Front Ecol Environ5 (7). Consultado el 1 de octubre de 2011.
Dominic Woolf, James E. Amonette, F. Alayne Street-Perrott, Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph; Amonette; Street-Perrott; Lehmann; Joseph (August 2010). «Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change». Nature Communications1 (5): 1-9. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1E..56W. ISSN2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
Gaunt y Lehmann, 2008, pp. 4152, 4155 ("Assuming that the energy in syngas is converted to electricity with an efficiency of 35%, the recovery in the life cycle energy balance ranges from 92 to 274 kg CO2 MW-1 of electricity generated where the pyrolysis process is optimized for energy and 120 to 360 kg CO2MW-1 where biochar is applied to land. This compares to emissions of 600–900 kg CO2 MW-1 for fossil-fuel-based technologies.) Gaunt, John L.; Lehmann, Johannes (2008). «Energy Balance and Emissions Associated with Biochar Sequestration and pyrolysis Bioenergy Production». Environmental Sciences & Technologies42 (11): 4152. Bibcode:2008EnST...42.4152G. doi:10.1021/es071361i.
Jorapur, Rajeev; Rajvanshi, Anil K. (1997). «Sugarcane leaf-bagasse gasifier for industrial heating applications». Biomass and Bioenergy13 (3): 141. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00014-7.
Gaunt y Lehmann, 2008, pp. 4152 note 3 ("This results in increased crop yields in low-input agriculture and increased crop yield per unit of fertilizer applied (fertilizer efficiency) in high-input agriculture as well as reductions in off-site effects such as runoff, erosion, and gaseous losses.") Gaunt, John L.; Lehmann, Johannes (2008). «Energy Balance and Emissions Associated with Biochar Sequestration and pyrolysis Bioenergy Production». Environmental Sciences & Technologies42 (11): 4152. Bibcode:2008EnST...42.4152G. doi:10.1021/es071361i.
Dominic Woolf, James E. Amonette, F. Alayne Street-Perrott, Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph; Amonette; Street-Perrott; Lehmann; Joseph (August 2010). «Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change». Nature Communications1 (5): 1-9. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1E..56W. ISSN2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
Gaunt y Lehmann, 2008, pp. 4152, 4155 ("Assuming that the energy in syngas is converted to electricity with an efficiency of 35%, the recovery in the life cycle energy balance ranges from 92 to 274 kg CO2 MW-1 of electricity generated where the pyrolysis process is optimized for energy and 120 to 360 kg CO2MW-1 where biochar is applied to land. This compares to emissions of 600–900 kg CO2 MW-1 for fossil-fuel-based technologies.) Gaunt, John L.; Lehmann, Johannes (2008). «Energy Balance and Emissions Associated with Biochar Sequestration and pyrolysis Bioenergy Production». Environmental Sciences & Technologies42 (11): 4152. Bibcode:2008EnST...42.4152G. doi:10.1021/es071361i.
Gaunt y Lehmann, 2008, pp. 4152 note 3 ("This results in increased crop yields in low-input agriculture and increased crop yield per unit of fertilizer applied (fertilizer efficiency) in high-input agriculture as well as reductions in off-site effects such as runoff, erosion, and gaseous losses.") Gaunt, John L.; Lehmann, Johannes (2008). «Energy Balance and Emissions Associated with Biochar Sequestration and pyrolysis Bioenergy Production». Environmental Sciences & Technologies42 (11): 4152. Bibcode:2008EnST...42.4152G. doi:10.1021/es071361i.
Dominic Woolf, James E. Amonette, F. Alayne Street-Perrott, Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph; Amonette; Street-Perrott; Lehmann; Joseph (August 2010). «Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change». Nature Communications1 (5): 1-9. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1E..56W. ISSN2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
