Whitlock, Cathy; Higuera, P.E.; McWethy, D.B.; Briles, C.E. (2010). «Paleoecological Perspectives on Fire Ecology: Revisiting the Fire-Regime Concept». The Open Ecology Journal3 (2): 6-23. doi:10.2174/1874213001003020006.
Pivello, Vânia Regina; Oliveras, Imma; Miranda, Heloísa Sinátora; Haridasan, Mundayatan; Sato, Margarete Naomi; Meirelles, Sérgio Tadeu (1 de diciembre de 2010). «Effect of fires on soil nutrient availability in an open savanna in Central Brazil». Plant and Soil(en inglés)337 (1–2): 111-123. ISSN0032-079X. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0508-x.
Robichaud, Peter R.; Wagenbrenner, Joseph W.; Pierson, Fredrick B.; Spaeth, Kenneth E.; Ashmun, Louise E.; Moffet, Corey A. (2016). «Infiltration and interrill erosion rates after a wildfire in western Montana, USA». CATENA(en inglés)142: 77-88. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.01.027.
Harper, Craig A.; Ford, W. Mark; Lashley, Marcus A.; Moorman, Christopher E.; Stambaugh, Michael C. (August 2016). «Fire Effects on Wildlife in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachian Regions, USA». Fire Ecology(en inglés)12 (2): 127-159. ISSN1933-9747. doi:10.4996/fireecology.1202127.
Bonta, Mark (2017). «Intentional fire-spreading by "firehawk" raptors in Northern Australia». Journal of Ethnobiology37 (4): 700-718. doi:10.2993/0278-0771-37.4.700.
Andersson, Michael (5 de mayo de 2014). «Tropical savannah woodland: effects of experimental fire on soil microorganisms and soil emissions of carbon dioxide». Soil Biology and Biochemistry36 (5): 849-858. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.01.015.
Widden, P (March 1975). «The effects of a forest fire on soil microfungi». Soil Biology and Biochemistry7 (2): 125-138. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(75)90010-3.
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «pp 194-5: Fire frequency has increased in many areas due to invasion of cheatgrass and medusahead, introduced annuals that cure early and remain flammable during a long fire season. Increased fire frequency exerts strong selective pressure against many native plants (Keane and others 1999)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «(re: plant distribution) p. 87: Bison prefer burned to unburned grassland for grazing during the growing season and can contribute to the pattern of burning in prairie (Vinton and others 1993)».
Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A.; Gonzalez-Vila, Francisco J.; Almendros, Gonzalo; Knicker, Heike (2004). «The effect of fire on soil organic matter-a review». Environment International (Elsevier) 30 (6): 855-870. PMID15120204. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.003. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «As a whole, BC represents between 1 and 6% of the total soil organic carbon. It can reach 35% like in Terra Preta Oxisols (Brazilian Amazonia) (Glaser et al., 1998, 2000) up to 45 % in some chernozemic soils from Germany (Schmidt et al., 1999) and up to 60% in a black Chernozem from Canada (Saskatchewan) (Ponomarenko and Anderson, 1999)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «p86: Historically, Native Americans contributed to the creation and maintenance of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem by frequently burning these ecosystems, which controlled woody vegetation and maintained dominance by herbaceous plants. In the Eastern tallgrass prairie, Native Americans were probably a far more important source of ignition than lightning. With grasses remaining green through late summer and a low incidence of dry lightning storms, lightning caused fires were probably relatively infrequent. Few studies of the pre-Euro-American tallgrass prairie have been conducted.»
Hyvarinen, Esko; Kouki, Jari; Martikainen, Petri (1 de febrero de 2006). «Fire and Green-Tree Retention in Conservation of Red-Listed and Rare Deadwood-Dependent Beetles in Finnish Boreal Forests». Conservation Biology20 (6): 1711-1719. PMID17181806. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00511.x.
Tng, David Y. P.; Goosem, Steve; Jordan, Greg J.; Bowman, David M.J.S. (2014). «Letting giants be - rethinking active fire management of old-growth eucalypt forest in the Australian tropics». Journal of Applied Ecology51 (3): 555-559. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12233.
fs.fed.us
treesearch.fs.fed.us
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «pp 194-5: Fire frequency has increased in many areas due to invasion of cheatgrass and medusahead, introduced annuals that cure early and remain flammable during a long fire season. Increased fire frequency exerts strong selective pressure against many native plants (Keane and others 1999)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «(re: plant distribution) p. 87: Bison prefer burned to unburned grassland for grazing during the growing season and can contribute to the pattern of burning in prairie (Vinton and others 1993)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «p86: Historically, Native Americans contributed to the creation and maintenance of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem by frequently burning these ecosystems, which controlled woody vegetation and maintained dominance by herbaceous plants. In the Eastern tallgrass prairie, Native Americans were probably a far more important source of ignition than lightning. With grasses remaining green through late summer and a low incidence of dry lightning storms, lightning caused fires were probably relatively infrequent. Few studies of the pre-Euro-American tallgrass prairie have been conducted.»
Pivello, Vânia Regina; Oliveras, Imma; Miranda, Heloísa Sinátora; Haridasan, Mundayatan; Sato, Margarete Naomi; Meirelles, Sérgio Tadeu (1 de diciembre de 2010). «Effect of fires on soil nutrient availability in an open savanna in Central Brazil». Plant and Soil(en inglés)337 (1–2): 111-123. ISSN0032-079X. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0508-x.
Harper, Craig A.; Ford, W. Mark; Lashley, Marcus A.; Moorman, Christopher E.; Stambaugh, Michael C. (August 2016). «Fire Effects on Wildlife in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachian Regions, USA». Fire Ecology(en inglés)12 (2): 127-159. ISSN1933-9747. doi:10.4996/fireecology.1202127.
nationalgeographic.com
www7.nationalgeographic.com
Klinkenborg, Verlyn (April 2007). «Splendor of the Grass: The Prairie's Grip is Unbroken in the Flint Hills of Kansas». National Geographic. Archivado desde el original el 26 de febrero de 2018. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «The tallgrass prairie biome depends on prairie fires, a form of wildfire, for its survival and renewal.... [and]...the prairie is the natural habitat of fire.»
Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A.; Gonzalez-Vila, Francisco J.; Almendros, Gonzalo; Knicker, Heike (2004). «The effect of fire on soil organic matter-a review». Environment International (Elsevier) 30 (6): 855-870. PMID15120204. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.003. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «As a whole, BC represents between 1 and 6% of the total soil organic carbon. It can reach 35% like in Terra Preta Oxisols (Brazilian Amazonia) (Glaser et al., 1998, 2000) up to 45 % in some chernozemic soils from Germany (Schmidt et al., 1999) and up to 60% in a black Chernozem from Canada (Saskatchewan) (Ponomarenko and Anderson, 1999)».
Hyvarinen, Esko; Kouki, Jari; Martikainen, Petri (1 de febrero de 2006). «Fire and Green-Tree Retention in Conservation of Red-Listed and Rare Deadwood-Dependent Beetles in Finnish Boreal Forests». Conservation Biology20 (6): 1711-1719. PMID17181806. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00511.x.
«Fire and Grazing in the Prairie». US National Park Service. 2000. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «The Plains Indians started fires to attract game to new grasses. They sometimes referred to fire as the "Red Buffalo."».
nsf.gov
«Where Does Charcoal, or Black Carbon, in Soils Go?». News Release 13-069. National Science Foundation. 13 de abril de 2013. Consultado el 9 de enero de 2019. «Surprised by the finding, the researchers shifted their focus to the origin of the dissolved charcoal.»
orst.edu
fsl.orst.edu
Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A.; Gonzalez-Vila, Francisco J.; Almendros, Gonzalo; Knicker, Heike (2004). «The effect of fire on soil organic matter-a review». Environment International (Elsevier) 30 (6): 855-870. PMID15120204. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.003. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «As a whole, BC represents between 1 and 6% of the total soil organic carbon. It can reach 35% like in Terra Preta Oxisols (Brazilian Amazonia) (Glaser et al., 1998, 2000) up to 45 % in some chernozemic soils from Germany (Schmidt et al., 1999) and up to 60% in a black Chernozem from Canada (Saskatchewan) (Ponomarenko and Anderson, 1999)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «pp 194-5: Fire frequency has increased in many areas due to invasion of cheatgrass and medusahead, introduced annuals that cure early and remain flammable during a long fire season. Increased fire frequency exerts strong selective pressure against many native plants (Keane and others 1999)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «(re: plant distribution) p. 87: Bison prefer burned to unburned grassland for grazing during the growing season and can contribute to the pattern of burning in prairie (Vinton and others 1993)».
Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler (2000). «Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora». Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2 (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station). doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-42-V2. Archivado desde el original el 5 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «p86: Historically, Native Americans contributed to the creation and maintenance of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem by frequently burning these ecosystems, which controlled woody vegetation and maintained dominance by herbaceous plants. In the Eastern tallgrass prairie, Native Americans were probably a far more important source of ignition than lightning. With grasses remaining green through late summer and a low incidence of dry lightning storms, lightning caused fires were probably relatively infrequent. Few studies of the pre-Euro-American tallgrass prairie have been conducted.»
Klinkenborg, Verlyn (April 2007). «Splendor of the Grass: The Prairie's Grip is Unbroken in the Flint Hills of Kansas». National Geographic. Archivado desde el original el 26 de febrero de 2018. Consultado el 4 de enero de 2019. «The tallgrass prairie biome depends on prairie fires, a form of wildfire, for its survival and renewal.... [and]...the prairie is the natural habitat of fire.»
Savory, Allan; Butterfield, Jody (10 de noviembre de 2016). Holistic management : a commonsense revolution to restore our environment (Third edición). Washington. ISBN9781610917438. OCLC961894493.
