Gomollón, F; Sans, M (2012). «Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Enfermedad de Crohn». En Montoro Huguet MA y García Pagán JC, editores. Gastroenterología y Hepatología. Problemas comunes en la práctica clínica. Jarpyo Editores, S.A.: 443-58. Archivado desde el original el 9 de marzo de 2016. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2016.
Dessein R, Chamaillard M, Danese S (September 2008). «Innate immunity in Crohn's disease: the reverse side of the medal». Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 42 Suppl 3 Pt 1: S144-147. PMID18806708. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181662c90.
Stefanelli T, Malesci A, Repici A, Vetrano S, Danese S (mayo de 2008). «New insights into inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology: paving the way for novel therapeutic targets». Current Drug Targets9 (5): 413-418. PMID18473770. doi:10.2174/138945008784221170.
Lalande JD, Behr MA (July 2010). «Mycobacteria in Crohn's disease: how innate immune deficiency may result in chronic inflammation». Expert Review of Clinical Immunology6 (4): 633-641. PMID20594136. doi:10.1586/eci.10.29.
Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ (agosto de 2008). «Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease». Nature Genetics40 (8): 955-962. PMC2574810. PMID18587394. doi:10.1038/ng.175.
Cosnes J (junio de 2004). «Tobacco and IBD: relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice». Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology18 (3): 481-496. PMID15157822. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2003.12.003.
Prideaux L, Kamm MA, De Cruz PP, Chan FK, Ng SC (agosto de 2012). «Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: a systematic review». Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology27 (8): 1266-1280. PMID22497584. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07150.x.
Burisch J, Munkholm P (julio de 2013). «Inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology». Current Opinion in Gastroenterology29 (4): 357-362. PMID23695429. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32836229fb.
Korzenik, Joshua R.; Dieckgraefe, Brian K.; Valentine, John F.; Hausman, Diana F.; Gilbert, Mark J.; Sargramostim in Crohn's Disease Study Group (26 de mayo de 2005). «Sargramostim for active Crohn's disease». The New England Journal of Medicine352 (21): 2193-2201. ISSN1533-4406. PMID15917384. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041109. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2019.
Lewis NR, Scott BB (1 de julio de 2006). «Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)». Aliment Pharmacol Ther (Revisión) 24 (1): 47-54. PMID16803602. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. «Both the endomysial antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody have very high sensitivities (93% for both) and specificities (>99% and >98% respectively) for the diagnosis of typical coeliac disease with villous atrophy. (...) As the detection of at least partial villous atrophy was used to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease in the vast majority of studies, we can't assume that the same LRs apply to coeliac patients with lesser abnormality such as an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes or electron-microscopic changes only. In fact, if such lesser abnormalities were used as criteria for diagnosing (and excluding) coeliac disease, the sensitivity of the tests could be lower (i.e. more false negatives), especially since a number of studies suggest that the EMA and tTG antibody tests are less sensitive with lesser degrees of mucosal abnormality».
Rodrigo L, Garrote JA, Vivas S (6 de septiembre de 2008). «Celiac disease». Med Clin (Barc) (Revisión) 131 (7): 264-270. PMID18775218. doi:10.1016/S0025-7753(08)72247-4. «Estos marcadores presentan en general una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad (cercanas al 90%) en presencia de atrofia marcada de las vellosidades intestinales. Sin embargo, muestran una notable disminución de la sensibilidad (del orden del 40-50%) en casos con atrofia vellositaria leve o cambios mínimos.»
Hofmann AF (April 1967). «The syndrome of ileal disease and the broken enterohepatic circulation: cholerheic enteropathy» [El síndrome de la enfermedad ileal y la interrupción de la circulación enterahepática: enteropatía cólica]. Gastroenterology52 (4): 752-757. PMID5337211. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(67)80140-9.
Brown AC, Roy M (abril de 2010). «Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease?». Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Revisión) 4 (2): 191-215. PMID20350266. doi:10.1586/egh.10.11. «Despite the well-known practice dating back half a century of using elemental formulations to induce remission in CD patients, and the fact that food allergies occur in approximately 61% of these patients, few dietary interventions have been conducted in CD patients. As a result, physicians’ dietary advice to patients with CD varies widely or may even be nonexistent. (...) The retrospective dietary surveys typically reported adverse reactions to casein (dairy), gluten, wheat, yeast, corn and certain fruits and vegetables. (...) In summary, sufficient evidence exists to evaluate an elimination diet in a clinical trial to determine its possible dietary benefit for people with CD. (...) CD patients should also be educated that enteral or oral elemental supplementation is an established dietary therapy known to alleviate flares and/or induce remission. (CD: Crohn's disease)».
Joos S (June 2011). «Review on efficacy and health services research studies of complementary and alternative medicine in inflammatory bowel disease». Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine17 (6): 403-409. PMID21660673. doi:10.1007/s11655-011-0758-3.
Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How do They Differ?. «Chapter 2: Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How Do They Differ?». Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century (Springer). pp. 19-57. ISBN978-1-4614-8540-7. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2. «within the traditional medical community it is considered to be quackery».
Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Dörig S, Sterne JA, Pewsner D, Egger M (2005). «Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy». Lancet366 (9487): 726-732. PMID16125589. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2.
Joos S, Brinkhaus B, Maluche C, Maupai N, Kohnen R, Kraehmer N, Hahn EG, Schuppan D (2004). «Acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of active Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled study». Digestion69 (3): 131-139. PMID15114043. doi:10.1159/000078151.
Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, Moser G, Munkholm P, Forbes A, Hommes DW, Lochs H, Angelucci E, Cocco A, Vucelic B, Hildebrand H, Kolacek S, Riis L, Lukas M, de Franchis R, Hamilton M, Jantschek G, Michetti P, O'Morain C, Anwar MM, Freitas JL, Mouzas IA, Baert F, Mitchell R, Hawkey CJ (March 2006). «European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations». Gut. 55 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): i36-58. PMC1859996. PMID16481630. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.081950c. «the colitis activity index fell significantly in the treatment group compared to the sham acupuncture group. However, recruitment did not reach its target and the number of patients was small.»Parámetro desconocido |collaboration= ignorado (ayuda)
Izzo, A. A.; Coutts, A. A. (2005). Pertwee, Roger G., ed. Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (en inglés). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 573-598. ISBN978-3-540-26573-3. doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_19. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2019.
Izzo, A. A.; Coutts, A. A. (2005). Pertwee, Roger G., ed. Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (en inglés). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 573-598. ISBN978-3-540-26573-3. doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_19. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2019.
elsevier.es
Rodrigo L, Garrote JA, Vivas S (6 de septiembre de 2008). «Celiac disease». Med Clin (Barc) (Revisión) 131 (7): 264-270. PMID18775218. doi:10.1016/S0025-7753(08)72247-4. «Estos marcadores presentan en general una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad (cercanas al 90%) en presencia de atrofia marcada de las vellosidades intestinales. Sin embargo, muestran una notable disminución de la sensibilidad (del orden del 40-50%) en casos con atrofia vellositaria leve o cambios mínimos.»
Korzenik, Joshua R.; Dieckgraefe, Brian K.; Valentine, John F.; Hausman, Diana F.; Gilbert, Mark J.; Sargramostim in Crohn's Disease Study Group (26 de mayo de 2005). «Sargramostim for active Crohn's disease». The New England Journal of Medicine352 (21): 2193-2201. ISSN1533-4406. PMID15917384. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041109. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2019.
Dessein R, Chamaillard M, Danese S (September 2008). «Innate immunity in Crohn's disease: the reverse side of the medal». Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 42 Suppl 3 Pt 1: S144-147. PMID18806708. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181662c90.
Stefanelli T, Malesci A, Repici A, Vetrano S, Danese S (mayo de 2008). «New insights into inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology: paving the way for novel therapeutic targets». Current Drug Targets9 (5): 413-418. PMID18473770. doi:10.2174/138945008784221170.
Lalande JD, Behr MA (July 2010). «Mycobacteria in Crohn's disease: how innate immune deficiency may result in chronic inflammation». Expert Review of Clinical Immunology6 (4): 633-641. PMID20594136. doi:10.1586/eci.10.29.
Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ (agosto de 2008). «Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease». Nature Genetics40 (8): 955-962. PMC2574810. PMID18587394. doi:10.1038/ng.175.
Cosnes J (junio de 2004). «Tobacco and IBD: relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice». Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology18 (3): 481-496. PMID15157822. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2003.12.003.
Prideaux L, Kamm MA, De Cruz PP, Chan FK, Ng SC (agosto de 2012). «Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: a systematic review». Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology27 (8): 1266-1280. PMID22497584. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07150.x.
Burisch J, Munkholm P (julio de 2013). «Inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology». Current Opinion in Gastroenterology29 (4): 357-362. PMID23695429. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32836229fb.
Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD (mayo del 2000). «Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity. 1932». The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York67 (3): 263-268. PMID10828911.
Korzenik, Joshua R.; Dieckgraefe, Brian K.; Valentine, John F.; Hausman, Diana F.; Gilbert, Mark J.; Sargramostim in Crohn's Disease Study Group (26 de mayo de 2005). «Sargramostim for active Crohn's disease». The New England Journal of Medicine352 (21): 2193-2201. ISSN1533-4406. PMID15917384. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041109. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2019.
Lewis NR, Scott BB (1 de julio de 2006). «Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)». Aliment Pharmacol Ther (Revisión) 24 (1): 47-54. PMID16803602. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. «Both the endomysial antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody have very high sensitivities (93% for both) and specificities (>99% and >98% respectively) for the diagnosis of typical coeliac disease with villous atrophy. (...) As the detection of at least partial villous atrophy was used to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease in the vast majority of studies, we can't assume that the same LRs apply to coeliac patients with lesser abnormality such as an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes or electron-microscopic changes only. In fact, if such lesser abnormalities were used as criteria for diagnosing (and excluding) coeliac disease, the sensitivity of the tests could be lower (i.e. more false negatives), especially since a number of studies suggest that the EMA and tTG antibody tests are less sensitive with lesser degrees of mucosal abnormality».
Rodrigo L, Garrote JA, Vivas S (6 de septiembre de 2008). «Celiac disease». Med Clin (Barc) (Revisión) 131 (7): 264-270. PMID18775218. doi:10.1016/S0025-7753(08)72247-4. «Estos marcadores presentan en general una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad (cercanas al 90%) en presencia de atrofia marcada de las vellosidades intestinales. Sin embargo, muestran una notable disminución de la sensibilidad (del orden del 40-50%) en casos con atrofia vellositaria leve o cambios mínimos.»
Hofmann AF (April 1967). «The syndrome of ileal disease and the broken enterohepatic circulation: cholerheic enteropathy» [El síndrome de la enfermedad ileal y la interrupción de la circulación enterahepática: enteropatía cólica]. Gastroenterology52 (4): 752-757. PMID5337211. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(67)80140-9.
Brown AC, Roy M (abril de 2010). «Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease?». Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Revisión) 4 (2): 191-215. PMID20350266. doi:10.1586/egh.10.11. «Despite the well-known practice dating back half a century of using elemental formulations to induce remission in CD patients, and the fact that food allergies occur in approximately 61% of these patients, few dietary interventions have been conducted in CD patients. As a result, physicians’ dietary advice to patients with CD varies widely or may even be nonexistent. (...) The retrospective dietary surveys typically reported adverse reactions to casein (dairy), gluten, wheat, yeast, corn and certain fruits and vegetables. (...) In summary, sufficient evidence exists to evaluate an elimination diet in a clinical trial to determine its possible dietary benefit for people with CD. (...) CD patients should also be educated that enteral or oral elemental supplementation is an established dietary therapy known to alleviate flares and/or induce remission. (CD: Crohn's disease)».
Joos S (June 2011). «Review on efficacy and health services research studies of complementary and alternative medicine in inflammatory bowel disease». Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine17 (6): 403-409. PMID21660673. doi:10.1007/s11655-011-0758-3.
Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Dörig S, Sterne JA, Pewsner D, Egger M (2005). «Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy». Lancet366 (9487): 726-732. PMID16125589. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2.
Joos S, Brinkhaus B, Maluche C, Maupai N, Kohnen R, Kraehmer N, Hahn EG, Schuppan D (2004). «Acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of active Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled study». Digestion69 (3): 131-139. PMID15114043. doi:10.1159/000078151.
Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, Moser G, Munkholm P, Forbes A, Hommes DW, Lochs H, Angelucci E, Cocco A, Vucelic B, Hildebrand H, Kolacek S, Riis L, Lukas M, de Franchis R, Hamilton M, Jantschek G, Michetti P, O'Morain C, Anwar MM, Freitas JL, Mouzas IA, Baert F, Mitchell R, Hawkey CJ (March 2006). «European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations». Gut. 55 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): i36-58. PMC1859996. PMID16481630. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.081950c. «the colitis activity index fell significantly in the treatment group compared to the sham acupuncture group. However, recruitment did not reach its target and the number of patients was small.»Parámetro desconocido |collaboration= ignorado (ayuda)
«Crohn's Disease». National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). 10 de julio de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 9 de junio de 2014. Consultado el 18 de noviembre de 2019.
«Crohn's Disease». National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). 10 de julio de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 9 de junio de 2014. Consultado el 18 de noviembre de 2019.
Gomollón, F; Sans, M (2012). «Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Enfermedad de Crohn». En Montoro Huguet MA y García Pagán JC, editores. Gastroenterología y Hepatología. Problemas comunes en la práctica clínica. Jarpyo Editores, S.A.: 443-58. Archivado desde el original el 9 de marzo de 2016. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2016.
Lewis NR, Scott BB (1 de julio de 2006). «Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)». Aliment Pharmacol Ther (Revisión) 24 (1): 47-54. PMID16803602. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. «Both the endomysial antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody have very high sensitivities (93% for both) and specificities (>99% and >98% respectively) for the diagnosis of typical coeliac disease with villous atrophy. (...) As the detection of at least partial villous atrophy was used to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease in the vast majority of studies, we can't assume that the same LRs apply to coeliac patients with lesser abnormality such as an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes or electron-microscopic changes only. In fact, if such lesser abnormalities were used as criteria for diagnosing (and excluding) coeliac disease, the sensitivity of the tests could be lower (i.e. more false negatives), especially since a number of studies suggest that the EMA and tTG antibody tests are less sensitive with lesser degrees of mucosal abnormality».
