Rapp, Jr., Stephen H. (Oct. - Dec.), «Sumbat Davitis-dze and the Vocabulary of Political Authority in the Era of Georgian Unification», Journal of the American Oriental Society120 (4 (Oct. - Dec., 2000)): 570-576, doi:10.2307/606617.
Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott (eds.), Conflict, cleavage, and change in Central Asia and the Caucasus (Cambridge, 1997), p. 170., quoted from the Abkhazia Today report by International Crisis Group