References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Imperio parto" in the Spanish version

archive.org

Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History of Iraq. Infobase Publishing. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8160-5767-2. «One characteristic of the Parthians that the kings themselves maintained was their nomadic urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being Ctesiphon on the Tigris River, which they built from the ancient town of Opis.»

Chyet, Michael L. (1997). Afsaruddin, Asma; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias, eds. Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-57506-020-0. «In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sassanid Empires), Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian.»

Brosius, Maria (2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-203-06815-1. «The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were polytheistic. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In Babylon the city-god Marduk continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses Ishtar and Nanai, while Hatra's main god, the sun-god Shamash, was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods.»

Ebrey, 1999, p. 70; for an archaeological survey of Roman glasswares in ancient Chinese burials, see An, 2002, pp. 79-84 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7. (paperback). An, Jiayao (2002), «When Glass Was Treasured in China», en Juliano, Annette L. and Judith A. Lerner, ed., Silk Road Studies: Nomads, Traders, and Holy Men Along China's Silk Road 7, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, pp. 79-94, ISBN 978-2-503-52178-7..

Burstein, 2004, p. 31 Burstein, Stanley M. (2004), The Reign of Cleopatra, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-32527-4..

Dr. Aaron Ralby (2013). «Emperor Trajan, 98-117: Greatest Extent of Rome». Atlas of Military History. Parragon. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4723-0963-1.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Bivar, 1983, pp. 56-57;Strugnell, 2006, p. 243 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Strugnell, Emma (2006), «Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph», Acta Antiqua 46 (3): 239-252, doi:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3.

Bivar, 1983, p. 57;Strugnell, 2006, p. 244;Kennedy, 1996, p. 80 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Strugnell, Emma (2006), «Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph», Acta Antiqua 46 (3): 239-252, doi:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3. Kennedy, David (1996), «Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives», The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67-90, ISBN 978-1-887829-18-2.

Bivar, 1983, pp. 57-58;Strugnell, 2006, pp. 239, 245;Brosius, 2006, p. 96;Kennedy, 1996, p. 80 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Strugnell, Emma (2006), «Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph», Acta Antiqua 46 (3): 239-252, doi:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3. Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-32089-4.. Kennedy, David (1996), «Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives», The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67-90, ISBN 978-1-887829-18-2.

Bivar, 1983, p. 58;Brosius, 2006, p. 96;Kennedy, 1996, pp. 80-81; see also Strugnell, 2006, pp. 239, 245-246 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-32089-4.. Kennedy, David (1996), «Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives», The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67-90, ISBN 978-1-887829-18-2. Strugnell, Emma (2006), «Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph», Acta Antiqua 46 (3): 239-252, doi:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3.

Garthwaite, 2005, p. 80; see also Strugnell, 2006, pp. 251-252 Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005), The Persians, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2.. Strugnell, Emma (2006), «Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph», Acta Antiqua 46 (3): 239-252, doi:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3.

Bivar, 1983, p. 88;Curtis, 2007, p. 13;Lightfoot, 1990, p. 117 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007), «The Iranian Revival in the Parthian Period», en Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart, ed., The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran 2, London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum, pp. 7-25, ISBN 978-1-84511-406-0.. Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283.

Lightfoot, 1990, pp. 117-118; see also Bivar, 1983, pp. 90-91 Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283. Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9..

Bivar, 1983, pp. 88-90;Garthwaite, 2005, p. 81;Lightfoot, 1990, p. 120; see also Katouzian, 2009, p. 44 Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.. Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005), The Persians, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2.. Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283. Katouzian, Homa (2009), The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12118-6..

Lightfoot, 1990, p. 120;Bivar, 1983, pp. 90-91 Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283. Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9..

Lightfoot, 1990, pp. 120-124 Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283.

Brosius, 2006, p. 100; see also Lightfoot, 1990, p. 115;Garthwaite, 2005, p. 81; and Bivar, 1983, p. 91 Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-32089-4.. Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283. Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005), The Persians, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2.. Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), «The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids», en Yarshater, Ehsan, ed., Cambridge History of Iran 3 (1), London & New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-99, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9..

Ashrafian, Hutan. (2011). «Limb gigantism, neurofibromatosis and royal heredity in the Ancient World 2500 years ago: Achaemenids and Parthians». J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 64 (4): 557. PMID 20832372. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2010.08.025.

iranicaonline.org

Skjaervo, Prods Oktor. «IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Doc - Encyclopaedia Iranica». www.iranicaonline.org (en inglés). Encyclopedia Iranica. Archivado desde el original el 17 de noviembre de 2016. Consultado el 8 de febrero de 2017. «Parthian. This was the local language of the area east of the Caspian Sea and official language of the Parthian state (see ARSACIDS) and is known from inscriptions on stone and metal, including coins and seals, and from large archives of potsherd labels on wine jars from the Parthian capital of Nisa, as well as from the Manichean texts.»

jstor.org

Lightfoot, 1990, pp. 120-124 Lightfoot, C.S. (1990), «Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective», The Journal of Roman Studies 80: 115-126, JSTOR 300283, doi:10.2307/300283.

web.archive.org

Daryaee, 2012, p. 179. Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. pp. 1-432. ISBN 978-0-19-987575-7. Archivado desde el original el 1 de enero de 2019. Consultado el 18 de septiembre de 2019.

«Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 9, section 3». www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archivado desde el original el 21 de diciembre de 2016. Consultado el 11 de septiembre de 2017.

Imperio parto (Spanish Wikipedia)

archive.org

books.google.com

doi.org

dx.doi.org

google.dk

books.google.dk

iranicaonline.org

jprasurg.com

jstor.org

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

polity.co.uk

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

web.archive.org