Invención de la radio (Spanish Wikipedia)

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Garratt, G. R. M. (1994). The Early History of Radio.
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"Variations of Conductivity under Electrical Influences" by Edouard Branly. Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (v. 103) by Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). p. 481 (Contained in Comptes rendus de I'Acade'mie des Sciences, Paris, v. cii., 1890, p. 78.)
"On the Changes in Resistance of Bodies under Different Electrical Conditions" by E. Branly. Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (v. 104) by Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). 1891. p. 416 (Contained in Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 1891, v. exit., p. 90.)
"Experiments on the Conductivity of Insulating Bodies" by M. Edouard Branly, M.D., Philosophical Magazine, Taylor & Francis., 1892, p. 530 (Contained in Comples Rendus de l' Academic des Sciences, 24 de noviembre de 1890 and 12 de enero de 1891, also, Bulletin de la Societi internationals d'electriciens, no. 78, May 1891)
«Wireless Telegraphy». Modern Engineering Practice VII. American School of Correspondence. 1903. p. 10.
Stanley, Rupert (1914). «Detectors». Text-book on wireless telegraphy 1. Longmans, Green. p. 217.
"The Work of Hertz" by Oliver Lodge, Proceedings (v. 14: 1893-1895), Royal Institution of Great Britain, p. 321-349
Marconi, Guglielmo (octubre de1913) "Wireless as a Commercial Fact: From the Inventor's Testimony in the United States Court in Brooklyn (Part III)" , The Wireless Age, N.Y. [New York] City: Macroni Pub. Corp'n (Wireless Press), p. 75. (cf. "I read parts of a book by [Thomas Commerford] Martin, entitled Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla, published in 1894".)
Fleming (1908) p. 429
Gibson, Charles Robert (1914) Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Without Wires, p. 79
Erskine-Murray, James (1907) A Handbook of Wireless Telegraphy: Its Theory and Practice, for the use of Electrical Engineers, Students, and Operators, Crosby Lockwood and Son, p. 39
«Marconi Telegraphy». The Electrical Review (IPC Electrical-Electronic Press (v. 40)): 715. 21 de mayo de 1897. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2012.
«English Notes: Marconi Telegraphy». The Electrical World ((v. 29)): 822. 19 de junio de 1897. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2012.
Al poco tiempo, en 1885, se había establecido también un servicio telefónico por cable. ("Telephonic Communication at the Royal Marriage", The Electrical Review (v. 17), July 25, 1885, p. 81)
Fleming (1908) p. 431-432
"Aetheric Telegraphy" by W. H. Preece, Journal of the Society of Arts (v. 47), Society of Arts (Great Britain), May 5, 1899, p. 519-523
Story (1904) p. 161
Sewall, Charles (1904 ) Wireless Telegraphy: Its Origins, Development, Inventions, and Apparatus, p. 144
"Note on a Magnetic Detector of Electric Waves, which can be employed as a receiver for Space Telegraphy" by G. Marconi (communicated by J. A. Fleming, F.E.S., received June 10, read June 12, 1902.) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (v. 70), p. 341-344
"Hertzian Wave Telegraphy: Lecture III", delivered by J. A. Fleming on 16 de marzo de 1903, Society of Arts (Great Britain), Journal of the Society of Arts (v. 51), 7 de agosto de 1903, p. 761
Hayward, Charles B. (1918) How to Become a Wireless Operator, American technical society, p. 202
"New Marconi Wireless Telegraph Apparatus", The Electrical World and Engineer (v. 40), July 19, 1902, p. 91
"Floating Cities and Their News Service" by Nick J. Quick, The Inland Printer (v. 38) diciembre de 1906, p. 389
"Dr. Braun, Famous German Scientist, Dead", The Wireless Age (v. 5), junio de 1918, p. 709-710
"Provisional Patents, 1899", The Electrical Engineer (v. 23) 3 de febrero de 1899, p. 159.
Zenneck, Jonathan (1915) Wireless Telegraphy, p. 175
"Increasing the Transmitter Energy", The Electrical Magazine edited by Theodore Feilden (v. 1) 26 de mayo de 1904, p. 506
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Collins, A. Frederick (1905) Wireless Telegraphy: Its History, Theory and Practice , p. 164
"Notes on the Marconi Wireless Telegraph" by Lieut. J. B. Blish, U. S. N., The Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute (v. 25) diciembre de 1899, p. 857-864
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De Forest, Lee (1906) "The Audion: A New Receiver for Wireless Telegraphy", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 26 de octubre de 1906, p. 735-779
De Forest, Lee (1913) "The Audion—Detector and Amplifier", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (v. 2), p. 15-36
"Statement of Dr. Lee de Forest, Radio Telephone Company" Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives on H.J. Resolution 95: A bill to regulate and control the use of wireless telegraphy and wireless telephony. Washington: Gov. Print. Office, 1910, p. 75-78
Weiss, G., & Leonard, J. W. (1920) "De Forest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company", America's Maritime Progress, New York: New York marine news Co., p. 254.

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Einstein, Albert (1940). «Considerations Concerning the Fundaments of Theoretical Physics». Science 91 (2369): 487-492. Bibcode:1940Sci....91..487E. PMID 17847438. doi:10.1126/science.91.2369.487.
«Scientific Serials». Nature 3 (63): 216-217. 12 de enero de 1871. Bibcode:1871Natur...3..216.. doi:10.1038/003216a0.

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O'Neill, James (1944) Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla, p. 86
Fleming, J. A. (1908) The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy, London: New York & Co. (cf., Joseph Henry, in the United States, between 1842 and 1850, explored many of the puzzling facts connected with this subject, and only obtained a clue to the anomalies when he realized that the discharge of a condenser through a low resistance circuit is oscillatory in nature. Amongst other things, Henry noticed the power of condenser discharges to induce secondary currents which could magnetize steel needles even when a great distance separated the primary and secondary circuits.)
See The Scientific Writings of Joseph Henry, v. i. p. 203, 20:-i ; also "Analysis of the Dynamic Phenomena of the Leyden Jar", Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1850, v. iv. p. 377-378, Joseph Henry. The effect of the oscillatory discharge on a magnetized needle is summarized in this review.
Ames, J. S., Henry, J., & Faraday, M. (1900). The Discovery of Induced Electric Currents, New York: American book. (cf. p. 107: "On moving to Princeton, in 1832, [Henry][...] investigated also the discharge of a Leyden jar, proved that it was oscillatory in character, and showed that its inductive effects could be detected at a distance of two hundred feet, thus clearly establishing the existence of electro-magnetic waves.")
Helmholtz, Hermann (1847) "Über die Erhaltung der Kraft", Berlin
Thomson, William (June 1853) "On Transient Electric Currents", Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Fourth series, v. 5, p. 393-405.
Fessenden, Reginald (1908) "Wireless Telephony", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (v. 27, part 1), June 29, 1908, p. 553-630
"476) Feddersen, Bernhard Wilhelm, geb. 26. März 1832 in Schleswig, Sohn des vorhergenannten B. Feddersen, No. 475, studirte Naturwissenschaften und war eine Zeitlang Assistent im naturwissenschaftlichen Institut unter Prof. Karstens Leitung, wurde 1858 dr. philos. in Kiel; zur Zeit Privatdocent in Leipzig." (Lexicon der Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg und Eutinishcen Schriftsteller von 1829 bis Mitte 1866 by Edward Alberti (1867), entry #476, p. 207)
Translation: "476) Feddersen, Bernhard Wilhelm, born 26 March 1832 in Schleswig, the son of the aforementioned B. Feddersen, no. 475, studied science and was for a time assistant in a scientific institute under Prof. Karsten's line was, in 1858 dr. philos in Kiel, at the time university lecturer in Leipzig." (Biographies of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinishcen Writers from 1829 to mid-1866 by Edward Alberti (1867))
Von Bezold, Wilhelm (1870) "Untersuchgen über die elektrische Entladung. Voräufige Mittheilung.", Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik und Chemie, series 2, v. 140, number 8, p. 541-552
«Scientific Serials». Nature 3 (63): 216-217. 12 de enero de 1871. Bibcode:1871Natur...3..216.. doi:10.1038/003216a0.
Thomson, Elihu and Houston, Edwin (April 1876) "The Alleged Etheric Force. Test Experiments as to its Identity with Induced Electricity", Journal of the Franklin Institute, p. 270-274
Fitzgerald, George (1883) "On a method of producing Electromagnetic Disturbances of comparatively short wave-lengths", Report of the fifty-third meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, p. 405.
Massie, W. W., & Underhill, C. R. (1911) Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Popularly Explained. New York: D. Van Nostrand.
Hertz, Heinrich (1893) Electric waves: Being researches on the propagation of electric action with finite velocity through space, translated by D. E. Jones.
Hertz (1893) p. 1 - 5
Crookes, William (1 de febrero de 1892) "Some Possibilities of Electricity", The Fortnightly Review, p. 173-181
Dolbear, A. E. (marzo de 1893), "The Future of Electricity", Donahoe's Magazine, p. 289-295.
The Electrician, v. 43: "Notes" (May 5, 1899, p. 35); "Prof. D. E. Hughes's Researches in Wireless Telegraphy" by J. J. Fahie (May 5, 1899, p. 40-41); "The National Telephone Company's Staff Dinner" (Hughes remarks), (May 12, 1899, p. 93-94)
Story, A. T. (1904) The Story of Wireless Telegraphy, p. 108-117
Maver, William Jr. (1904) Maver's Wireless Telegraphy: Theory and Practice
United States Naval Institute (1902). Proceedings (v. 28, part 2) p.443
"Experiments on the Discharge of Leyden Jars", by Oliver J. Lodge, F.R.S. (received May 2, 1891, read June 4, 1891), Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, (v. 50, 4 de junio de 1891-25 de febrero de 1892) p. 2-39
Geddes, Sir Patrick (1920) The life and work of Sir Jagadis C. Bose, Longmans, Green, p. 61 - 65.
Geddes (1920) "The Response of Plants to Wireless Stimulation" (chapter 13), p. 172-180
Miessner, B. F. (1916) Radiodynamics: The Wireless Control of Torpedoes and Other Mechanisms, New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. p. 31-32
"Electric Signalling Without Wires" by W. H. Preece, Journal of the Society of Arts (v. 42), 23 de febrero de 1894, p. 274-278
Haydn, Joseph & Vincent, Benjamin (1904) "Wireless Telegraphy", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages and Nations, G. P. Putnam's sons, p. 413-414.
Preece, W. H. (1897) "Signalling through Space without Wires", delivered June 4, 1897, Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, v. XV, p. 467-476.
"Figure 101: Marconi 1896 Receiver" from Elements of Radiotelegraphy by Ellery W. Stone, 1919, p. 203
Aparato similar al usado por Marconi en 1897. ("Figure 94.—Morse Inker", Electrical Installations (v. 5) by Rankin Kennedy, 1903, p. 74.)
Un resumen de su trabajo sobre telegrafía inalámbrica hasta principios de 1899 se encuentra en un artículo leído por Marconi a la Institución de Ingenieros Eléctricos el 2 de marzo de 1899. ("Wireless Telegraphy" by G. Marconi, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1899 (v. 28) p. 273-291)
En diciembre de 1902, he established wireless telegraphic communication between Cape Breton, Canada and England, the first message inaugurating the system being transmitted from the Governor General of Canada to King Edward VII, and a few weeks later a message inaugurating wireless connection between America (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) and Cornwall, England was transmitted from the President of the United States to the King of England. ("Wireless telegraphy", Encyclopaedia of Ships and Shipping editó Herbert B. Mason. The Shipping Encyclopaedia, 1908, p. 686-688.)
Whitaker, Joseph (1907) "The Cunard Steamship Company, Ltd.", An Almanack For the Year of Our Lord [...] (v. 39), p. 739
United States., & Smith, W. A. (1912). "'Titanic' Disaster" (Hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate : Sixty-second Congress, second session, pursuant to S. Res. 283, directing the Committee to investigate the causes leading to the wreck of the White Star liner "Titanic"), 19 de abril -25 de mayo de 1912, Washington [D.C.: G.P.O.]
Maver (1904) p. 126
Stanley, Rupert (1919) Text-book on Wireless Telegraphy, Longmans, Green, p. 300
El relato de Fessenden sobre su investigación incluyó la siguiente anécdota humorística:
"Se puede mencionar una divertida incidencia que ilustra la incredulidad con la que se recibió el teléfono inalámbrico. Algunos de los periódicos locales que publicaron un resumen de los experimentos con la goleta mencionada anteriormente, se publicaron bajo el encabezado de "Noticias y notas actuales" en las columnas de una importante publicación técnica. (Nov. 10, 1906. "A New Fish Story", Electrical World, 10 de noviembre de 1906, p. 909)
"Una nueva historia de pesca. - Desde Massachusetts se afirma que el teléfono inalámbrico ha entrado con éxito en la industria de la pesca en alta mar. Durante la última semana, se realizaron experimentos en la estación de telégrafos inalámbricos de Brant Rock, que está equipada con un teléfono inalámbrico, con un pequeño barco estacionado en la flota de pescadores de la costa sur, a doce millas de la Bahía de Massachusetts. Recientemente, se afirma, los pescadores deseaban conocer los precios vigentes en el mercado de Boston. El operador de la embarcación con conexión inalámbrica llamó a Brant Rock y telefoneó a petición de los pescadores. El operador de tierra preguntó a Boston por cable y la respuesta se envió a los pescadores. Esta es una historia de pesca bastante sospechosa.
"La duda expresada fue, sin embargo, bastante natural. Recuerdo el asombro mostrado por uno de los nuevos operadores de la compañía algunos meses antes al colocar el teléfono receptor en su cabeza mientras el barco estaba casi fuera de la vista y escuchar al operador en el la estación terrestre llamarle por su nombre y comenzar a hablar con él". (Fessenden (1908) p. 579-580)
"Long Distance Wireless Telephony" by Reginald Fessenden, The Electrician, 4 de octubre de 1907, p. 985-989.
Van der Bijl, Hendrik Johannes (1920) The Thermionic Vacuum Tube and its Applications, p. 111-112
Fleming, John Ambrose (1914) The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy: Explained in Simple Terms for the Non-technical Reader. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, p. 149

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Bradford, Henry M., "Marconi in Newfoundland: The 1901 Transatlantic Radio Experiment" Archivado el 25 de octubre de 2018 en Wayback Machine.

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Einstein, Albert (1940). «Considerations Concerning the Fundaments of Theoretical Physics». Science 91 (2369): 487-492. Bibcode:1940Sci....91..487E. PMID 17847438. doi:10.1126/science.91.2369.487.

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uspto.gov

patft.uspto.gov

(Patente USPTO n.º 465971, Means for Transmitting Signals Electrically, US 465971 A, 1891
Los esquemas están ilustrados en Patente USPTO n.º 613809 "Method of and apparatus for controlling mechanism of moving vessels or vehicles" and describes "rotating coherers".
Detallado en la Patente USPTO n.º 793649 "Signaling by electromagnetic waves"
Detallado en la Patente USPTO n.º 793649 "Signaling by electromagnetic waves, Patente USPTO n.º 706,747 "Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves", Patente USPTO n.º 706,742 "wireless signaling" and Patente USPTO n.º 727,747
Governing by resonance was invented and patented by Kempster B. Miller, Patente USPTO n.º 559,187, "Electric governor", 25 de febrero de 1896.
Detallado en la Patente USPTO n.º 793,652 "Signaling by electromagnetic waves"
Patente de la Válvula Fleming Patente USPTO n.º 803684 "Instrument for converting alternating electric currents into continuous currents". También es conocida como válvula termoiónica, diodo de vacio, kenotrón, y tubo termoiónico.

web.archive.org

Phillipson, Donald J.C., Marshall, Tabitha and Neilson, Laura "Alexander Graham Bell" Archivado el 8 de febrero de 2018 en Wayback Machine., The Canadian Encyclopedia online (thecanadianencyclopedia.com)
Sandro Stringari, Robert R. Wilson (2000), "Romagnosi and the discovery of electromagnetism" https://web.archive.org/web/20131105114907/http://www.lincei.it/pubblicazioni/rendicontiFMN/rol/pdf/S2000-02-03.pdf (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).", Rendiconti Lincei: Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, serie 9, v. 11, issue 2, p. 115-136.
Gluckman, Albert Gerard, "The Discovery of Oscillatory Electric Current" Archivado el 3 de julio de 2015 en Wayback Machine., Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, marzo de 1990, p. 16-25.
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James P. Rybak, Oliver Lodge: Almost the Father of Radio Archivado el 3 de octubre de 2018 en Wayback Machine., p. 4, from Antique Wireless
«Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937)» (PDF). Pursuit and Promotion of Science: The Indian Experience (Chapter 2). Indian National Science Academy. 2001. pp. 22-25. Archivado desde el original el 2 de diciembre de 2012. Consultado el 5 de febrero de 2018.
Bradford, Henry M.,"Marconi's Three Transatlantic Radio Stations In Cape Breton" Archivado el 15 de febrero de 2019 en Wayback Machine.. Read before the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, 31 de enero de 1996 (reproducido del Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society Journal, v. 1, 1998.)
Bradford, Henry M., "Marconi in Newfoundland: The 1901 Transatlantic Radio Experiment" Archivado el 25 de octubre de 2018 en Wayback Machine.
Bradford, Henry M., "Did Marconi Receive Transatlantic Radio Signals in 1901? - Part 1" Archivado el 21 de diciembre de 2018 en Wayback Machine., Antique Wireless Asssociation (antiquewireless.org)
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«Marconi in Crookhaven». Mizen Head Signal Station Visitor Centre (mizenhead.net). Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de 2007. Consultado el 6 de febrero de 2018.
"The Marconi Company Departments 1912 - 1970" by Martin Bates, accessed 2010-10-04 Archivado el 20 de octubre de 2010 en Wayback Machine.