Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov, Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006, ISBN978-3-447-05416-4, p. 225.
Anatoly Michailovich Khazanov, Nomads and the Outside World, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1984, ISBN978-0-299-14284-1, p. 256.
András Róna-Tas, An introduction to Turkology, Universitas Szegediensis de Attila József Nominata, 1991, p. 29.
doi.org
dx.doi.org
Taagepera, Rein (1979). «Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D». Social Science History3 (3/4): 129. JSTOR1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
Taagepera, Rein (1979). «Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D». Social Science History3 (3/4): 129. JSTOR1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
Taagepera, Rein (1979). «Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D». Social Science History3 (3/4): 129. JSTOR1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
Taagepera, Rein (1979). «Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D». Social Science History3 (3/4): 129. JSTOR1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
"There has been a frost in midsummer. The sun had risen from same place for five days. The moon had had the same light level for three days. The field was filled with red atmosphere (dust storm)." . Ouyang Xiu, New Book of Tang, Vol. 215-I(en chino)