Johnson, Monte Ransome (2008). Aristotle on teleology. Oxford Aristotle studies (1. publ. in paperback edición). Clarendon Press. ISBN978-0-19-923850-7. Consultado el 26 de enero de 2024.
ia904706.us.archive.org
Aristotle (1943). «PREFACE». GENERATION OF ANIMALS (A. L. Peck, trad.). p. xlii.
books.google.com
cf.Feser, Edward (2009). Aquinas: A Beginner's Guide. Beginner's Guides (Reprint edición). Oxford: Oneworld Publications (publicado el 2011). ISBN9781780740065. Consultado el 12 de marzo de 2018. «A match, for example, reliably generates flame and heat when struck, and never (say) frost and cold, or the smell of lilacs, or thunder.»
Hankinson, R. J. (1998), Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought(e-book|formato= requiere |url= (ayuda)), [Oxford]: OUP Premium, p. 159, ISBN9780198237457, doi:10.1093/0199246564.001.0001, «Aristotle famously distinguishes four 'causes' (or causal factors in explanation), the matter, the form, the end, and the agent.».
Hankinson, R. J. (1998), Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought(e-book|formato= requiere |url= (ayuda)), [Oxford]: OUP Premium, p. 159, ISBN9780198237457, doi:10.1093/0199246564.001.0001, «Aristotle famously distinguishes four 'causes' (or causal factors in explanation), the matter, the form, the end, and the agent.».
"The development or behavior of an individual is purposive, natural selection is definitely not…. Darwin 'has swept out such finalistic teleology by the front door.'" Mayr, Ernst. 1961. "Cause and Effect in Biology." Science 134(3489):1501–06. doi10.1126/science.134.3489.1501. PubMed.
"The development or behavior of an individual is purposive, natural selection is definitely not…. Darwin 'has swept out such finalistic teleology by the front door.'" Mayr, Ernst. 1961. "Cause and Effect in Biology." Science 134(3489):1501–06. doi10.1126/science.134.3489.1501. PubMed.
"[F]or a full range of cases, an explanation which fails to invoke all four causes is no explanation at all."—"Four Causes". Falcon, Andrea. Aristotle on Causality. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2008.
Lennox, James (2017). Zalta, Edward N., ed. Aristotle's Biology (Spring 2017 edición). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Consultado el 8 de diciembre de 2018.
Bodnar, Istvan (2018). Zalta, Edward N., ed. Aristotle's Natural Philosophy (Spring 2018 edición). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Consultado el 11 de marzo de 2022.
Bodnar, Istvan (2010). Zalta, Edward N., ed. «Aristotle's Natural Philosophy» (Spring 2010 edición). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. «In Metaphysics 12.8, Aristotle opts for both the uniqueness and the plurality of the unmoved celestial movers. Each celestial sphere possesses the unmoved mover of its own—presumably as the object of its striving, see Metaphysics 12.6—whereas the mover of the outermost celestial sphere, which carries with its diurnal rotation the fixed stars, being the first of the series of unmoved movers also guarantees the unity and uniqueness of the universe.»
Cohen, S. Marc (2020). Zalta, Edward N., ed. «Aristotle’s Metaphysics». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. «Thus the primary heaven is moved by the primary god, in the way that we are moved by a good that we desire.»
Falcon, Andrea (2019). Zalta, Edward N., ed. Aristotle on Causality (Spring 2019 edición). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Consultado el 1 de abril de 2021.
Shields, Christopher (2022). «9. Aristotelian Teleology». En Zalta, Edward N., ed. Aristotle (Spring 2022 edición). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Consultado el 4 de julio de 2022.
Aristotle, «Book 5, section 1013a», Metaphysics, Translated by Hugh Tredennick. Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vols. 17, 18, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1933, 1989; (hosted at perseus.tufts.edu.) Aristotle also discusses the four "causes" in his Physics, Book B, chapter 3.
Bassham, Gregory ( 1959-) (cop. 2018). «Ética nicomáquea». El libro de la filosofía : de los Vedas a los nuevos ateos, 250 hitos en la historia del pensamiento. Librero. p. 86. ISBN978-90-8998-945-1. OCLC1123026787. Consultado el 29 de febrero de 2020.
