Nowell, K. y Jackson, P. (compiladores y editores). 1996. Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Suiza. 406 pp. (ver African lion, Panthera leo, pp. 17 – 21 & Asiatic lion, Panthera leo persica, pp. 37-41). Disponible: http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf