Pincelada (Spanish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pincelada" in Spanish language version.

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3minutosdearte.com

  • La pincelada suelta veneciana en 3 minutos de arte. - La pincelada suelta - La revolución pictórica del siglo XVI - Giorgione y Tiziano, El Señor del Biombo, 7 de enero de 2021. Presentación de la exposición citada, en el Facebook del Museo Thyssen, 11 de agosto de 2014:
    La forma de pintar de la escuela veneciana, con una pincelada abierta y de factura abocetada -con Giorgione, Tiziano o Veronés a la cabeza-, entró en competición ya desde el siglo XVI con las superficies cuidadosamente terminadas de artistas como Rafael y defendidas por la Academia florentina. Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII esa vibrante concepción de la pintura veneciana influiría notablemente en diversas escuelas y artistas europeos, de España a Holanda, Francia o Inglaterra. Estos son algunos ejemplos de esa tradición veneciana, de pincelada abierta y vibrante, reunidos en Acabado / Inacabado, novena entrega de la serie miradas cruzadas: los venecianos Tiepolo y Carpioni, con un tema histórico y mitológico respectivamente, ‘La muerte de Sofonisba’ (c.1760) y ‘Bacanal’ (1669-1665), en la estela de Tiziano y Veronés, con sus formas abocetadas y un toque de pincel lleno de libertad y fluidez; y el alegre costumbrismo del ‘Pescador tocando el violín’ (c.1630), atribuido al holandés Frans Hals, con una factura suelta que capta el movimiento fugaz y lo llena de fuerza y naturalidad.

    Veronés: Un niño enseña a los doctores3, en Grandes pintores y escultores, 23 octubre de 2016: {cita|... Tiziano, ya había empezado a pintar con pinceladas libres que dejaban huellas en la pintura. La pintura al óleo llevaba pocos años en Italia y cada artista experimentaba con el nuevo medio para descubrir y aprovecharse de sus cualidades claramente superiores a las del temple. Tiziano vio que si dejaba cada pincelada tal cual sobre el lienzo, sin aplanar la pintura, el color parecía más vivo. Por su parte, los Florentinos seguían aplicando la pintura según la manera tradicional. En las pinturas de Rafael, por ejemplo, no hay pinceladas visibles. La superficie de la pintura es plana. Veronés siguió el ejemplo de Tiziano. Le gustaba ver en la obra terminada cada toque de su pincel. Y desde su época, uno de los deleites al contemplar una obra de pintura es ver cómo una pequeña aglomeración o hebra de pintura, aplicada con destreza en el lugar justo y en la cantidad justa, se convierte en un rayo de luz, un reflejo, una sombra, o un objeto. Los destellos en los vestidos de estos doctores, examinados de cerca, son las pinceladas tal cual las dejaba Veronés. De lejos, como por magia, representan la luz y la forma.}}

  • La pincelada empastada en 3 minutos de arte.
  • La pincelada de El Greco contribuye a la exageración expresiva y la estilización (El Greco y las manos, en 3 minutos de arte).

academia.edu

archive.org

artehistoria.com

artmajeur.com

artsandculture.google.com

bookey.app

callegrande.wordpress.com

  • La pincelada suelta veneciana en 3 minutos de arte. - La pincelada suelta - La revolución pictórica del siglo XVI - Giorgione y Tiziano, El Señor del Biombo, 7 de enero de 2021. Presentación de la exposición citada, en el Facebook del Museo Thyssen, 11 de agosto de 2014:
    La forma de pintar de la escuela veneciana, con una pincelada abierta y de factura abocetada -con Giorgione, Tiziano o Veronés a la cabeza-, entró en competición ya desde el siglo XVI con las superficies cuidadosamente terminadas de artistas como Rafael y defendidas por la Academia florentina. Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII esa vibrante concepción de la pintura veneciana influiría notablemente en diversas escuelas y artistas europeos, de España a Holanda, Francia o Inglaterra. Estos son algunos ejemplos de esa tradición veneciana, de pincelada abierta y vibrante, reunidos en Acabado / Inacabado, novena entrega de la serie miradas cruzadas: los venecianos Tiepolo y Carpioni, con un tema histórico y mitológico respectivamente, ‘La muerte de Sofonisba’ (c.1760) y ‘Bacanal’ (1669-1665), en la estela de Tiziano y Veronés, con sus formas abocetadas y un toque de pincel lleno de libertad y fluidez; y el alegre costumbrismo del ‘Pescador tocando el violín’ (c.1630), atribuido al holandés Frans Hals, con una factura suelta que capta el movimiento fugaz y lo llena de fuerza y naturalidad.

    Veronés: Un niño enseña a los doctores3, en Grandes pintores y escultores, 23 octubre de 2016: {cita|... Tiziano, ya había empezado a pintar con pinceladas libres que dejaban huellas en la pintura. La pintura al óleo llevaba pocos años en Italia y cada artista experimentaba con el nuevo medio para descubrir y aprovecharse de sus cualidades claramente superiores a las del temple. Tiziano vio que si dejaba cada pincelada tal cual sobre el lienzo, sin aplanar la pintura, el color parecía más vivo. Por su parte, los Florentinos seguían aplicando la pintura según la manera tradicional. En las pinturas de Rafael, por ejemplo, no hay pinceladas visibles. La superficie de la pintura es plana. Veronés siguió el ejemplo de Tiziano. Le gustaba ver en la obra terminada cada toque de su pincel. Y desde su época, uno de los deleites al contemplar una obra de pintura es ver cómo una pequeña aglomeración o hebra de pintura, aplicada con destreza en el lugar justo y en la cantidad justa, se convierte en un rayo de luz, un reflejo, una sombra, o un objeto. Los destellos en los vestidos de estos doctores, examinados de cerca, son las pinceladas tal cual las dejaba Veronés. De lejos, como por magia, representan la luz y la forma.}}

candelavizcaino.es

carm.es

igualdadyviolenciadegenero.carm.es

clubdedebate.blogspot.com

  • Pincelada en El arte es peligroso... - Para gustos... (consultado el 7 de febrero de 2024).

coleccionbbva.com

  • ... pincelada rápida, que remite a la gestualidad de la caligrafía oriental, una de sus principales fuentes de inspiración BBVA Collection - "... pinceladas o manchas de color que a cierta distancia parecen azarosas se ejecutaron en realidad sobre una cuadrícula a lápiz" masdearte

collinsdictionary.com

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

cuadernosdepintor.blogspot.com

elconfidencialdigital.com

  • La dignidad de toda carne – La belleza según Rembrandt – La mirada holandesa, en El Confidencial Digital, 14 de febrero de 2009:
    ... con cuadros claramente matéricos y otros de factura más suelta, más limpia, pero no más brillante. Hay un Rembrandt que pinta con sprezzatura, con el descuido premeditado propio del pintor caballeroso y artista, con un empastado grueso y una manera áspera que llevó a la frase feliz de que sus cuadros podían cogerse por la nariz. Y luego hay un Rembrandt fino, de pincelada casi microscópica, el Rembrandt que prefirieron sus contemporáneos, y al que buscaban los comerciantes de pieles para encargar retratos.

elimparcial.es

  • Carmen Garrido (Gabinete de Documentación Técnica del Museo del Prado): “De Tiziano heredó el trabajo rápido de toque de superficie, que luego pasó a Velázquez”. Citada por Elena Viñas en Los secretos de la técnica del Greco, El Imparcial, 14 de enero de 2016, que indica: "El estudio de la pincelada ha podido determinar que progresivamente fue aplicándola de forma más desunida adelantándose tres siglos al impresionismo."

elpais.com

elpoderdelarte1.blogspot.com

facebook.com

es-es.facebook.com

  • La pincelada suelta veneciana en 3 minutos de arte. - La pincelada suelta - La revolución pictórica del siglo XVI - Giorgione y Tiziano, El Señor del Biombo, 7 de enero de 2021. Presentación de la exposición citada, en el Facebook del Museo Thyssen, 11 de agosto de 2014:
    La forma de pintar de la escuela veneciana, con una pincelada abierta y de factura abocetada -con Giorgione, Tiziano o Veronés a la cabeza-, entró en competición ya desde el siglo XVI con las superficies cuidadosamente terminadas de artistas como Rafael y defendidas por la Academia florentina. Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII esa vibrante concepción de la pintura veneciana influiría notablemente en diversas escuelas y artistas europeos, de España a Holanda, Francia o Inglaterra. Estos son algunos ejemplos de esa tradición veneciana, de pincelada abierta y vibrante, reunidos en Acabado / Inacabado, novena entrega de la serie miradas cruzadas: los venecianos Tiepolo y Carpioni, con un tema histórico y mitológico respectivamente, ‘La muerte de Sofonisba’ (c.1760) y ‘Bacanal’ (1669-1665), en la estela de Tiziano y Veronés, con sus formas abocetadas y un toque de pincel lleno de libertad y fluidez; y el alegre costumbrismo del ‘Pescador tocando el violín’ (c.1630), atribuido al holandés Frans Hals, con una factura suelta que capta el movimiento fugaz y lo llena de fuerza y naturalidad.

    Veronés: Un niño enseña a los doctores3, en Grandes pintores y escultores, 23 octubre de 2016: {cita|... Tiziano, ya había empezado a pintar con pinceladas libres que dejaban huellas en la pintura. La pintura al óleo llevaba pocos años en Italia y cada artista experimentaba con el nuevo medio para descubrir y aprovecharse de sus cualidades claramente superiores a las del temple. Tiziano vio que si dejaba cada pincelada tal cual sobre el lienzo, sin aplanar la pintura, el color parecía más vivo. Por su parte, los Florentinos seguían aplicando la pintura según la manera tradicional. En las pinturas de Rafael, por ejemplo, no hay pinceladas visibles. La superficie de la pintura es plana. Veronés siguió el ejemplo de Tiziano. Le gustaba ver en la obra terminada cada toque de su pincel. Y desde su época, uno de los deleites al contemplar una obra de pintura es ver cómo una pequeña aglomeración o hebra de pintura, aplicada con destreza en el lugar justo y en la cantidad justa, se convierte en un rayo de luz, un reflejo, una sombra, o un objeto. Los destellos en los vestidos de estos doctores, examinados de cerca, son las pinceladas tal cual las dejaba Veronés. De lejos, como por magia, representan la luz y la forma.}}

facebook.com

files.wordpress.com

sekcastillohistoriadelarte.files.wordpress.com

  • Goya en SEK El Castillo. - Restauración de La era o El verano, de Goya, 13 de julio de 2015:
    ... esta limpieza deja al descubierto la gran variedad de recursos técnicos que caracterizan el lenguaje pictórico de Goya. Se aprecian así los distintos tipos de pincelada, amplia y enérgica en el cielo, donde aplica la pintura espesa para dejar el surco de la brocha en la superficie, creando un relieve táctil y vibrante. Para pintar el trigo arrastra un pincel más fino pero cargado de materia, que va descargándola en el recorrido de la pincelada consiguiendo el relieve de las espigas.

    Carlos Martos, La Lechera de Burdeos - Culmen vital de un genio atormentado, en HA!, 29-11-2020:

    ... mantiene la vitalidad de sus primeras obras rococó, combinada con la mancha, la pincelada corta y la expresividad características de su madurez pictórica.
    Véase, como curiosidad, La pincelada de Goya en "El 3 de mayo de 1808 en Madrid" o "Los fusilamientos" en el Tiktok del Museo del Prado.

fundaciotapies.org

google.es

  • En este artículo se ha procurado repetir las mismas que se utilizan en las fuentes citadas, agrupándolas y sistematizándolas; pero es necesario recordar que se usan otras: "pincelada expresionista", "pincelada dividida", "pincelada informal", "pincelada continua", "pinceladas tramadas", "contraste de pinceladas", etc. (Equipo Parramón Paidotribo, 101 Técnicas acrílico, 2022).
  • Brushstrokes (Part 3) - The Modern Era (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogido en El arte es peligroso..., op. cit. - Stapleton Kearns, [https://stapletonkearns.blogspot.com/2010/11/sargent-and-bravura-brushstroke.html Sargent and the bravura brushstroke], 7 de noviembre de 2010: "Bravura means "great skill" in Italian. Sargent's brushwork is beyond descriptive, it is intended to be beautiful and artful in its abstract appearance" Propone como ejemplo previo de bravura a Frans Hals.- Jacki Kellum, What Is Bravura in Painting – What Is Painterly Painting? Focus on the Oil Paintings of John Singer Sargent, 7 de enero de 2021: "When a painter paints in a daring, slap-dash way, he is said to have painted with bravura. When an artist paints with bravura, his brushstrokes have an energy all their own, and segments of a painting can be enjoyed simply because of the way that they are painted, irrespective of the subject matter of the painting. When an artist paints with bravura, his paintings are said to be painterly. ... When viewed from a distance, the viewer’s eyes pull the strokes together, but upon closer observation, one becomes aware of Sargent’s energy and his absolute joy in painting. Sargent’s work is alive. ... Sargent painted with bravura only where he could do so and not sacrifice the delicacy that was needed in other spots." - La bravura de Frans Hals en el Metropolitan Museum, en The Art Wolf, 17 de mayo de 2007. - Ken Bain, Lo que hacen los mejores profesores universitarios, 2021:
    ... Larry Silver, un profesor de historia del arte en la University of Pennsylvania, por ejemplo, desarrolló un software llamado «¿es un Rembrandt?». En ese programa, una conservadora de museo planteaba a los estudiantes el siguiente problema: está a punto de inaugurarse una gran exposición de obras de Rembrandt, pero han surgido algunas dudas sobre la autenticidad de tres de las pinturas. Cada estudiante se convierte en el principal experto en arte del museo para investigar las sospechas. Para ello, los estudiantes deben examinar las pinturas y construir un caso para apoyar sus conclusiones. Pueden inspeccionar cada obra de arte, compararla con obras similares, ver los archivos de la conservadora o ir al laboratorio de restauración. En cada paso, se encuentran con preguntas pero ellos deciden cuáles seguir, eligiendo su propio camino por el material. Si deciden inspeccionar una pintura, por ejemplo, pueden seleccionar un área para verla en detalle, preguntar sobre el tipo de pinceladas y la composición Pueden hacer preguntas sobre otras obras y su relación con el arte que están investigando. Un experto en arte sale en pantalla para proporcionar una respuesta breve, y cada respuesta produce más preguntas. Cuando, por ejemplo, se incita a los estudiantes a examinar de cerca las pinceladas de la cara del cuadro Old man with a gorget, pueden preguntar si los discípulos de Rembrandt mezclaban también estilos distintos de pinceladas en sus pinturas. Si lo preguntan, aparece el profesor Silver para contarles algo sobre el «efecto bravura», y los estudiantes pueden preguntar luego, «¿qué es la pincelada bravura?» algo que jamás habrían preguntado de no ser en este contexto...

historia-arte.com

jackikellum.com

  • Brushstrokes (Part 3) - The Modern Era (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogido en El arte es peligroso..., op. cit. - Stapleton Kearns, [https://stapletonkearns.blogspot.com/2010/11/sargent-and-bravura-brushstroke.html Sargent and the bravura brushstroke], 7 de noviembre de 2010: "Bravura means "great skill" in Italian. Sargent's brushwork is beyond descriptive, it is intended to be beautiful and artful in its abstract appearance" Propone como ejemplo previo de bravura a Frans Hals.- Jacki Kellum, What Is Bravura in Painting – What Is Painterly Painting? Focus on the Oil Paintings of John Singer Sargent, 7 de enero de 2021: "When a painter paints in a daring, slap-dash way, he is said to have painted with bravura. When an artist paints with bravura, his brushstrokes have an energy all their own, and segments of a painting can be enjoyed simply because of the way that they are painted, irrespective of the subject matter of the painting. When an artist paints with bravura, his paintings are said to be painterly. ... When viewed from a distance, the viewer’s eyes pull the strokes together, but upon closer observation, one becomes aware of Sargent’s energy and his absolute joy in painting. Sargent’s work is alive. ... Sargent painted with bravura only where he could do so and not sacrifice the delicacy that was needed in other spots." - La bravura de Frans Hals en el Metropolitan Museum, en The Art Wolf, 17 de mayo de 2007. - Ken Bain, Lo que hacen los mejores profesores universitarios, 2021:
    ... Larry Silver, un profesor de historia del arte en la University of Pennsylvania, por ejemplo, desarrolló un software llamado «¿es un Rembrandt?». En ese programa, una conservadora de museo planteaba a los estudiantes el siguiente problema: está a punto de inaugurarse una gran exposición de obras de Rembrandt, pero han surgido algunas dudas sobre la autenticidad de tres de las pinturas. Cada estudiante se convierte en el principal experto en arte del museo para investigar las sospechas. Para ello, los estudiantes deben examinar las pinturas y construir un caso para apoyar sus conclusiones. Pueden inspeccionar cada obra de arte, compararla con obras similares, ver los archivos de la conservadora o ir al laboratorio de restauración. En cada paso, se encuentran con preguntas pero ellos deciden cuáles seguir, eligiendo su propio camino por el material. Si deciden inspeccionar una pintura, por ejemplo, pueden seleccionar un área para verla en detalle, preguntar sobre el tipo de pinceladas y la composición Pueden hacer preguntas sobre otras obras y su relación con el arte que están investigando. Un experto en arte sale en pantalla para proporcionar una respuesta breve, y cada respuesta produce más preguntas. Cuando, por ejemplo, se incita a los estudiantes a examinar de cerca las pinceladas de la cara del cuadro Old man with a gorget, pueden preguntar si los discípulos de Rembrandt mezclaban también estilos distintos de pinceladas en sus pinturas. Si lo preguntan, aparece el profesor Silver para contarles algo sobre el «efecto bravura», y los estudiantes pueden preguntar luego, «¿qué es la pincelada bravura?» algo que jamás habrían preguntado de no ser en este contexto...

jeremysutton.com

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

lewisartcafe.com

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

libertaddigital.com

lichtensteinfoundation.org

masdearte.com

  • ... pincelada rápida, que remite a la gestualidad de la caligrafía oriental, una de sus principales fuentes de inspiración BBVA Collection - "... pinceladas o manchas de color que a cierta distancia parecen azarosas se ejecutaron en realidad sobre una cuadrícula a lápiz" masdearte

merriam-webster.com

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

metmuseum.org

mmk.art

collection.mmk.art

museedegrenoble.fr

museodelprado.es

museoreinasofia.es

museunacional.cat

  • Glosario en la web del Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya:
    Consiste en iluminar tangencialmente (ángulo entre 5º y 20º) la superficie de un objeto para poner en evidencia las irregularidades, deformaciones, textura, incisiones, pinceladas o levantamientos de la capa pictórica.
  • Glosario, web citada (ver también las entradas "radiografía de neutrones", "rayos X", "reflectografía de infrarrojos" y otras).

mymodernmet.com

parrishart.org

picassocinefilo.wordpress.com

pinturapintura.com

pinturayartistas.com

portlandartmuseum.us

rae.es

dle.rae.es

  • Real Academia Española. «retoque». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición). 
  • Real Academia Española. «repintar». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición). 
  • Real Academia Española. «pincelada». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición). 
  • Definida por el DRAE como "fiereza de un animal" y "esfuerzo o valentía de una persona"; en contextos artísticos (además de en pintura, en música -ver bravura-) se utiliza más bien con algunos de los valores sinonímicos que también se recogen en ese diccionario ("... osadía, resolución, ... atrevimiento, audacia, bizarría...") Real Academia Española. «bravura». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición).  Ver (en este mismo artículo, mas abajo) la nota relativa a la bravura de Sargent.

reverso.net

diccionario.reverso.net

rtve.es

  • Reseña en RTVE de la exposición del Thyssen y entrevista a su comisario, Juan Ángel López-Manzanares, 05.07.2018:
    “Lo he dicho y lo repito: todo se lo debo a Boudin”. En 1920, un consagrado Claude Monet reconocía en su biografía la admiración por su amigo y mentor en los pinceles. ... Boudain, que realizaba de forma autodidacta estudios al aire libre de paisajes al modo de los maestros holandeses del XVII... como discípulo y maestro, pintaron al aire libre los campos de los alrededores de El Havre en las diferentes estaciones del año. ... “Boudain enseñó a Monet la forma tradicional de dibujar paisajes al aire libre al óleo. Lo hacía en otoño y verano y luego a partir de estas obras ya en el estudio creaba una composición nueva, en mayor tamaño, con una pincelada más cuidada y en superficie más pulida (...) También le enseñó a observar los contrastes de la luz y el sol en los cielos cambiantes de Normandía”... Monet también bebió de los bocetos de Boudain el concepto de “instantaneidad”, que le fascinaba, y por eso, su pincelada se percibe como “más espontánea”. ... los caminos de pupilo y maestro se separan y las diferencias se hacen más hondas. El joven Monet se centra exclusivamente en el aire libre sin componer una nueva obra en el taller; se interesa por las estampas japonesas, por los tratados de color, viaja y toma nota de la progresión de otros pintores como Turner o Manet.

sciencedirect.com

seordelbiombo.blogspot.com

  • La pincelada suelta veneciana en 3 minutos de arte. - La pincelada suelta - La revolución pictórica del siglo XVI - Giorgione y Tiziano, El Señor del Biombo, 7 de enero de 2021. Presentación de la exposición citada, en el Facebook del Museo Thyssen, 11 de agosto de 2014:
    La forma de pintar de la escuela veneciana, con una pincelada abierta y de factura abocetada -con Giorgione, Tiziano o Veronés a la cabeza-, entró en competición ya desde el siglo XVI con las superficies cuidadosamente terminadas de artistas como Rafael y defendidas por la Academia florentina. Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII esa vibrante concepción de la pintura veneciana influiría notablemente en diversas escuelas y artistas europeos, de España a Holanda, Francia o Inglaterra. Estos son algunos ejemplos de esa tradición veneciana, de pincelada abierta y vibrante, reunidos en Acabado / Inacabado, novena entrega de la serie miradas cruzadas: los venecianos Tiepolo y Carpioni, con un tema histórico y mitológico respectivamente, ‘La muerte de Sofonisba’ (c.1760) y ‘Bacanal’ (1669-1665), en la estela de Tiziano y Veronés, con sus formas abocetadas y un toque de pincel lleno de libertad y fluidez; y el alegre costumbrismo del ‘Pescador tocando el violín’ (c.1630), atribuido al holandés Frans Hals, con una factura suelta que capta el movimiento fugaz y lo llena de fuerza y naturalidad.

    Veronés: Un niño enseña a los doctores3, en Grandes pintores y escultores, 23 octubre de 2016: {cita|... Tiziano, ya había empezado a pintar con pinceladas libres que dejaban huellas en la pintura. La pintura al óleo llevaba pocos años en Italia y cada artista experimentaba con el nuevo medio para descubrir y aprovecharse de sus cualidades claramente superiores a las del temple. Tiziano vio que si dejaba cada pincelada tal cual sobre el lienzo, sin aplanar la pintura, el color parecía más vivo. Por su parte, los Florentinos seguían aplicando la pintura según la manera tradicional. En las pinturas de Rafael, por ejemplo, no hay pinceladas visibles. La superficie de la pintura es plana. Veronés siguió el ejemplo de Tiziano. Le gustaba ver en la obra terminada cada toque de su pincel. Y desde su época, uno de los deleites al contemplar una obra de pintura es ver cómo una pequeña aglomeración o hebra de pintura, aplicada con destreza en el lugar justo y en la cantidad justa, se convierte en un rayo de luz, un reflejo, una sombra, o un objeto. Los destellos en los vestidos de estos doctores, examinados de cerca, son las pinceladas tal cual las dejaba Veronés. De lejos, como por magia, representan la luz y la forma.}}

  • Para empezar a conocer a Tintoretto en El Señor del Biombo, 4 de febrero de 2015.

si.edu

hirshhorn.si.edu

sjp.org.uk

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

stapletonkearns.blogspot.com

  • Brushstrokes (Part 3) - The Modern Era (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogido en El arte es peligroso..., op. cit. - Stapleton Kearns, [https://stapletonkearns.blogspot.com/2010/11/sargent-and-bravura-brushstroke.html Sargent and the bravura brushstroke], 7 de noviembre de 2010: "Bravura means "great skill" in Italian. Sargent's brushwork is beyond descriptive, it is intended to be beautiful and artful in its abstract appearance" Propone como ejemplo previo de bravura a Frans Hals.- Jacki Kellum, What Is Bravura in Painting – What Is Painterly Painting? Focus on the Oil Paintings of John Singer Sargent, 7 de enero de 2021: "When a painter paints in a daring, slap-dash way, he is said to have painted with bravura. When an artist paints with bravura, his brushstrokes have an energy all their own, and segments of a painting can be enjoyed simply because of the way that they are painted, irrespective of the subject matter of the painting. When an artist paints with bravura, his paintings are said to be painterly. ... When viewed from a distance, the viewer’s eyes pull the strokes together, but upon closer observation, one becomes aware of Sargent’s energy and his absolute joy in painting. Sargent’s work is alive. ... Sargent painted with bravura only where he could do so and not sacrifice the delicacy that was needed in other spots." - La bravura de Frans Hals en el Metropolitan Museum, en The Art Wolf, 17 de mayo de 2007. - Ken Bain, Lo que hacen los mejores profesores universitarios, 2021:
    ... Larry Silver, un profesor de historia del arte en la University of Pennsylvania, por ejemplo, desarrolló un software llamado «¿es un Rembrandt?». En ese programa, una conservadora de museo planteaba a los estudiantes el siguiente problema: está a punto de inaugurarse una gran exposición de obras de Rembrandt, pero han surgido algunas dudas sobre la autenticidad de tres de las pinturas. Cada estudiante se convierte en el principal experto en arte del museo para investigar las sospechas. Para ello, los estudiantes deben examinar las pinturas y construir un caso para apoyar sus conclusiones. Pueden inspeccionar cada obra de arte, compararla con obras similares, ver los archivos de la conservadora o ir al laboratorio de restauración. En cada paso, se encuentran con preguntas pero ellos deciden cuáles seguir, eligiendo su propio camino por el material. Si deciden inspeccionar una pintura, por ejemplo, pueden seleccionar un área para verla en detalle, preguntar sobre el tipo de pinceladas y la composición Pueden hacer preguntas sobre otras obras y su relación con el arte que están investigando. Un experto en arte sale en pantalla para proporcionar una respuesta breve, y cada respuesta produce más preguntas. Cuando, por ejemplo, se incita a los estudiantes a examinar de cerca las pinceladas de la cara del cuadro Old man with a gorget, pueden preguntar si los discípulos de Rembrandt mezclaban también estilos distintos de pinceladas en sus pinturas. Si lo preguntan, aparece el profesor Silver para contarles algo sobre el «efecto bravura», y los estudiantes pueden preguntar luego, «¿qué es la pincelada bravura?» algo que jamás habrían preguntado de no ser en este contexto...

tate.org.uk

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

theartnewspaper.com

theartwolf.com

  • Brushstrokes (Part 3) - The Modern Era (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogido en El arte es peligroso..., op. cit. - Stapleton Kearns, [https://stapletonkearns.blogspot.com/2010/11/sargent-and-bravura-brushstroke.html Sargent and the bravura brushstroke], 7 de noviembre de 2010: "Bravura means "great skill" in Italian. Sargent's brushwork is beyond descriptive, it is intended to be beautiful and artful in its abstract appearance" Propone como ejemplo previo de bravura a Frans Hals.- Jacki Kellum, What Is Bravura in Painting – What Is Painterly Painting? Focus on the Oil Paintings of John Singer Sargent, 7 de enero de 2021: "When a painter paints in a daring, slap-dash way, he is said to have painted with bravura. When an artist paints with bravura, his brushstrokes have an energy all their own, and segments of a painting can be enjoyed simply because of the way that they are painted, irrespective of the subject matter of the painting. When an artist paints with bravura, his paintings are said to be painterly. ... When viewed from a distance, the viewer’s eyes pull the strokes together, but upon closer observation, one becomes aware of Sargent’s energy and his absolute joy in painting. Sargent’s work is alive. ... Sargent painted with bravura only where he could do so and not sacrifice the delicacy that was needed in other spots." - La bravura de Frans Hals en el Metropolitan Museum, en The Art Wolf, 17 de mayo de 2007. - Ken Bain, Lo que hacen los mejores profesores universitarios, 2021:
    ... Larry Silver, un profesor de historia del arte en la University of Pennsylvania, por ejemplo, desarrolló un software llamado «¿es un Rembrandt?». En ese programa, una conservadora de museo planteaba a los estudiantes el siguiente problema: está a punto de inaugurarse una gran exposición de obras de Rembrandt, pero han surgido algunas dudas sobre la autenticidad de tres de las pinturas. Cada estudiante se convierte en el principal experto en arte del museo para investigar las sospechas. Para ello, los estudiantes deben examinar las pinturas y construir un caso para apoyar sus conclusiones. Pueden inspeccionar cada obra de arte, compararla con obras similares, ver los archivos de la conservadora o ir al laboratorio de restauración. En cada paso, se encuentran con preguntas pero ellos deciden cuáles seguir, eligiendo su propio camino por el material. Si deciden inspeccionar una pintura, por ejemplo, pueden seleccionar un área para verla en detalle, preguntar sobre el tipo de pinceladas y la composición Pueden hacer preguntas sobre otras obras y su relación con el arte que están investigando. Un experto en arte sale en pantalla para proporcionar una respuesta breve, y cada respuesta produce más preguntas. Cuando, por ejemplo, se incita a los estudiantes a examinar de cerca las pinceladas de la cara del cuadro Old man with a gorget, pueden preguntar si los discípulos de Rembrandt mezclaban también estilos distintos de pinceladas en sus pinturas. Si lo preguntan, aparece el profesor Silver para contarles algo sobre el «efecto bravura», y los estudiantes pueden preguntar luego, «¿qué es la pincelada bravura?» algo que jamás habrían preguntado de no ser en este contexto...

tokyoartbeat.com

trecentoandquattrocento.wordpress.com

ttamayo.com

unirioja.es

dialnet.unirioja.es

  • La obra de Saura, en Quaderns d'arquitectura i urbanisme, ISSN 1133-8857, Nº. 40, 1960, págs. 35-38.

unpocodearteparaclase.blogspot.com

venecisima.com

victorianweb.org

  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".

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  • El arte es peligroso... y unpocodearteparaclase, op. cit. Mark Cartwright, El color y la técnica en la pintura del Renacimiento:
    ... Los pinceles los fabricaba el artista o los compraba ya hechos en varios tamaños. Había dos categorías de pinceles de pelo: de cerdo/perro o de ardilla/zorro. El tamaño variaba en función de la tarea, pero iba desde puntas finas de unos pocos milímetros hasta pinceles anchos de tres centímetros... Los óleos permitían una sutileza mucho mayor en los colores, ya que los colores translúcidos se pueden estratificar de forma variada o las zonas coloreadas se pueden componer de capas de diferente grosor de pintura, lo que crea una gama muy amplia de tonos de color. El análisis de las pinturas del Renacimiento ha revelado que a menudo hay hasta siete capas diferentes de pintura en una misma zona. Además, las pinceladas al óleo pueden ser invisibles o pueden utilizarse como efecto, y el artista varía deliberadamente su tamaño, forma y dirección. Una consecuencia de esta estratificación y variación de la pincelada era el logro de una profundidad real en una pintura que los paneles de témpera o las paredes pintadas al fresco no podían igualar. Además, los detalles como la textura de la piel, el pelo y las arrugas, así como los efectos ópticos como los reflejos, que ahora se podían representar como nunca antes. Otra gran ventaja es que los óleos pueden tardar varios días en secarse, lo que permite al artista mezclar, difuminar, ajustar o reelaborar completamente una zona de su cuadro (incluso utilizando los dedos para ello). Además, cualquier error se puede cubrir con capas adicionales de pintura una vez que las capas originales se hayan secado. No es de extrañar, pues, que la pintura al óleo siga siendo la primera opción de los artistas plásticos en la actualidad. Una vez terminada, una pintura al óleo del Renacimiento solía recibir una fina capa de barniz protector para garantizar que la obra durara mucho más allá de la vida de su creador.

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  • Brushstrokes (Part 1) - The Early Masters (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogida en El arte es peligroso... op. cit.
  • Brushstrokes (Part 2) - The 19th Century (Jill Poyerd Fine Art), vídeo con locución recogido en El arte es peligroso..., op. cit.
  • Merriam-Webster: "1: a day before the opening of an exhibition of paintings reserved for the painters to varnish or put on finishing touches 2: the opening day of an art exhibition". - Collins: "(at an exhibition of paintings) the day before the opening when artists may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung" - Turner “Varnishing Day” Tableau de Young Museum, Aug. 14, 2015 - St James Picadilly:
    The day is called ‘Varnishing Day’ because traditionally it is the point at which paintings were finished off with varnish and then were deemed complete and ready for public viewing. It is from this that we have the word vernissage (which literally means varnishing) to mark the opening of an exhibition. The term has stuck and is commonly used on the continent but also here in the UK too. The moment of varnishing was one of inherent drama. Some painters would arrive in the church with varnish pot in hand. The significance and indeed performance of this day are captured in the famous account from the 1832 Varnishing Day when William Mallard Turner, riled by the flags and colours of John Constable’s painting Opening of Waterloo Bridge, smeared a small red dot to his seascape Helvoetsluys to add a buoy to the foreground, sealing in the flourish with a touch of varnish. “He has been here and fired a gun” Constable is reported to have said.
    - Varnishing Day at the Royal Academy, George du Maurier, Punch, 19 June 1877, p. 226 - J.M.W. Turner on Varnishing Day by William Parrott (1846) - Richard Lewis, Mr. Turner, a new film, and the Varnishing Day Incident, en Lewis Art Cafe, 31 de mayo de 2014:
    In 1832, both Turner and Constable’s pictures were hung in good positions, but unfortunately next to each other. Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge was the largest painting he had ever painted for an exhibition, nearly seven feet long. He had worked on it for thirteen years. When Turner arrived on Varnishing Day and saw his painting next to Constable’s, he began pacing, disturbed not only by its commanding size but by how exciting and colorful the Constable painting was. As a fellow member of the Academy, Charles Robert Leslie personally observed: "Constable’s Waterloo seemed as if painted with liquid gold and silver, and Turner came several times into the room while [Constable] was heightening with vermilion and lake the decorations and flags of the city barges. Turner stood behind him, looking from the Waterloo to his own picture, and at last brought his palette from the great room where he was touching another picture, and putting a round daub of red lead, somewhat bigger than a shilling, on his grey sea, went away without saying a word. The intensity of the red lead, made more vivid by the coolness of his picture, caused even the vermilion and lake of Constable to look weak." Constable was horrified at this breach of Varnishing Day etiquette and said to Leslie after Turner left, ‘He has been here…and fired a gun.’ He knew the damage had been done. Turner’s painting and its bold red spot at the center would command the attention of anyone walking into the Painting Gallery. Turner returned to the room later. With a swipe of a rag, he trimmed the red ‘gob’ and declared it a buoy. This flourish was greeted with applause by his fellow artists. At least, according to the movie. Mr. Turner opens October 31st in the U.K. and December 19th in the U.S.
    - ‘Fire and Water’: Turner and Constable in the Royal Academy, 1831 en TATE - Varnishing Day: A Moment in Time (vídeo de la Royal Academy of Arts - Véanse fuentes del incidente entre Turner y Constable en la nota correspondiente de "escuela inglesa de pintura".