Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Revuelta bereber" in Spanish language version.
As in the preceding Visigothic period, Septimania in the 720s became the focus for garrisoning for offensive and defensive purposes. As in the other frontier regions of Al-Andalus, the majority of the garrisoning forces seem to have been drawn from the ranks of the Berbers, under their own tribal leaders. One of these was Munnus (sometimes erroneusly called Uthman ibn Abu Nisah) who had married the daugter of Eudo. According to the Spanish Chronicle of 754 his residence was the oppidum Cerritanensis, which has been identified with either Llivia or Puigcerdá in the Catalan region of Cerdanya.Soon after the appointment of a new governor of Al-Andalus, in the person of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi, in 729 or 730 Munnus broke out into revolt, and entered into an alliance with the Franks. The causes of Munnus's revolt against the regime of the Arab governors of Al-Andalus are interesting, and relate to a major problem that the Arabs were to encounter in North Africa by the end of the decade, but do not have any immediate relevance to the questions being considered here. As the Spanish chronicler does not distinguish between Franks and Aquitanians, and called Eudo "the commander of the Franks" it seems almost certain that it was Aquitanian help which Munnus sought. It has been customary to identify this agreement with the treaty that led to Munnus' marriage to Eudo's daughter, but the precise wording of the text of the Chronicle of 754 appears to indicate that these were two separate episodes. Professor Rouche considers this alliance of c. 730 to be the cause of the Continuator of Fredegar's mistakenly accusing the Aquitanians of calling for Muslim help against Charles Martel, but this, as will be seen, is improbable.
... The Berber revolt in the Pyrenees proved short-lived, and was crushed by the new governor quite rapidly. The campaign against Munnus pobably took place in the year 731, and may have had significant consequences for Aquitaine. Surprisingly perhaps, these were first felt on the Loire. The general need in this period to view events in the north of Francia in the light of the developments in the south is again reinforced by Charles Martel's action at this time.
... It would seem hardly coincidental after a seven year period of apparent peace, between the war against Raganfred around Angers in 724 and the campaign of 731, that Charles's attack on Aquitaine should be launched at the very time when Eudo's attention was again concentrated on the south, with the army of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi campaigning near his Pyrenean frontier. It may also be, in the light of previous examples of the timing of large scale raids by the Arabs, that it was this outbreak of war between Charles and Eudo in 731 that led Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi to launch his subsequent attack on Aquitaine itself in 732 or 733. This may have been intended as a reprisal for Eudo's dealings with the ill-fated Munnus, and it may also have been motivated by a personal desire for vengeance.
En esta otra fuente (Víctor Balaguer, Trajedias, 1876) se identifica a este bereber que se casa con una hija de Eudes (el duque de Aquitania Odón el Grande) como "Otmán" o "Munuza". Con ese nombre aparece también en otras fuentes (Anuario de estudios medievales, 1964, Volumen 1, pg. 79):
En el Urgellet y en Cerdaña, los cristianos habían pactado con los sarracenos y vivían en buenas relaciones, de considerar válida la explicación que Abadal ha dado de la sublevación que tuvo lugar en el año 731 en Septimania, contra la autoridad del emir al-Gafiqi. Según dicho autor, el valí de Septimania, Munuza, de origen beréber, ante la opresión de que eran objeto sus bereberes por parte de las autoridades sarracenas de Cerdaña, se lanzó contra ellas, y como que éstas se veían apoyadas por los cristianos de la región, les castigó con dureza, condenando a morir en la hoguera a su obispo Anambad -Anambad-, "seguramente de Urgel".
As in the preceding Visigothic period, Septimania in the 720s became the focus for garrisoning for offensive and defensive purposes. As in the other frontier regions of Al-Andalus, the majority of the garrisoning forces seem to have been drawn from the ranks of the Berbers, under their own tribal leaders. One of these was Munnus (sometimes erroneusly called Uthman ibn Abu Nisah) who had married the daugter of Eudo. According to the Spanish Chronicle of 754 his residence was the oppidum Cerritanensis, which has been identified with either Llivia or Puigcerdá in the Catalan region of Cerdanya.Soon after the appointment of a new governor of Al-Andalus, in the person of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi, in 729 or 730 Munnus broke out into revolt, and entered into an alliance with the Franks. The causes of Munnus's revolt against the regime of the Arab governors of Al-Andalus are interesting, and relate to a major problem that the Arabs were to encounter in North Africa by the end of the decade, but do not have any immediate relevance to the questions being considered here. As the Spanish chronicler does not distinguish between Franks and Aquitanians, and called Eudo "the commander of the Franks" it seems almost certain that it was Aquitanian help which Munnus sought. It has been customary to identify this agreement with the treaty that led to Munnus' marriage to Eudo's daughter, but the precise wording of the text of the Chronicle of 754 appears to indicate that these were two separate episodes. Professor Rouche considers this alliance of c. 730 to be the cause of the Continuator of Fredegar's mistakenly accusing the Aquitanians of calling for Muslim help against Charles Martel, but this, as will be seen, is improbable.
... The Berber revolt in the Pyrenees proved short-lived, and was crushed by the new governor quite rapidly. The campaign against Munnus pobably took place in the year 731, and may have had significant consequences for Aquitaine. Surprisingly perhaps, these were first felt on the Loire. The general need in this period to view events in the north of Francia in the light of the developments in the south is again reinforced by Charles Martel's action at this time.
... It would seem hardly coincidental after a seven year period of apparent peace, between the war against Raganfred around Angers in 724 and the campaign of 731, that Charles's attack on Aquitaine should be launched at the very time when Eudo's attention was again concentrated on the south, with the army of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi campaigning near his Pyrenean frontier. It may also be, in the light of previous examples of the timing of large scale raids by the Arabs, that it was this outbreak of war between Charles and Eudo in 731 that led Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abdallah al-Gafiqi to launch his subsequent attack on Aquitaine itself in 732 or 733. This may have been intended as a reprisal for Eudo's dealings with the ill-fated Munnus, and it may also have been motivated by a personal desire for vengeance.
En esta otra fuente (Víctor Balaguer, Trajedias, 1876) se identifica a este bereber que se casa con una hija de Eudes (el duque de Aquitania Odón el Grande) como "Otmán" o "Munuza". Con ese nombre aparece también en otras fuentes (Anuario de estudios medievales, 1964, Volumen 1, pg. 79):
En el Urgellet y en Cerdaña, los cristianos habían pactado con los sarracenos y vivían en buenas relaciones, de considerar válida la explicación que Abadal ha dado de la sublevación que tuvo lugar en el año 731 en Septimania, contra la autoridad del emir al-Gafiqi. Según dicho autor, el valí de Septimania, Munuza, de origen beréber, ante la opresión de que eran objeto sus bereberes por parte de las autoridades sarracenas de Cerdaña, se lanzó contra ellas, y como que éstas se veían apoyadas por los cristianos de la región, les castigó con dureza, condenando a morir en la hoguera a su obispo Anambad -Anambad-, "seguramente de Urgel".
