Wilson, Carter A. (1996). Racism: From Slavery to Advanced Capitalism. SAGE. p. 229. «At best Lynn's approach is racial propaganda or biased research driven by a strong prejudice against blacks and a strong need to believe in their genetic inferiority. At worst, Lynn's research arises out of a malicious and dishonest effort to demonstrate the genetic inferiority of blacks».
Hunt, E; Wittmann, W. (2008). «National intelligence and national prosperity». Intelligence36 (1): 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.11.002.
Valone, David A. (2002). «Richard Lynn: Eugenics: A Reassessment, review». Isis93 (3): 534. doi:10.1086/374143.
Barnett, Susan M.; Williams, Wendy (2004). «National Intelligence and The Emperor's New Clothes». PsycCRITIQUES49 (4): 389-396. doi:10.1037/004367. «Among this book's strengths are that it argues for a point of view unpopular within the scientific community, it relies on hard data to make its points, its organisation and clarity. Also, the book is expansive in its thinking and argumentation. All of these strengths considered, however, we believe that the arguments advanced in the book are flawed by an omnipresent logical fallacy and confusion of correlation with causation that undermines the foundation of the book.»
Gelb, Steven A. (1997), «Heart of Darkness: The Discreet Charm of the Hereditarian Psychologist», Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies19 (1): 129-139, doi:10.1080/1071441970190110.
Mehler, Barry (1989). «Foundation for fascism: The new eugenics movement in the United States». Patterns of Prejudice23 (4): 17-25. doi:10.1080/0031322x.1989.9970026.
Newby, Robert G.; Newby, Diane E. (1995). «The Bell Curve: Another Chapter in the Continuing Political Economy of Racism». American Behavioral Scientist39 (1): 12-24. doi:10.1177/0002764295039001003.
Lynn, Richard; Irwing, Paul (September 2004). «Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis». Intelligence32 (5): 481-498. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.008.
Nyborg, Helmuth (July 2012). «A conversation with Richard Lynn». Personality and Individual Differences53 (2): 79-84. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.033.
Rojahn, Johannes; Naglieri, Jack A. (1 de mayo de 2006). «Developmental gender differences on the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test in a nationally normed sample of 5–17 year olds». Intelligence34 (3): 253-260. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.09.004.
Hamilton, W. D. (2000). «A review of Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations». Ann. Hum. Genet.64 (4): 363-374. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6440363.x.
Wicherts, J. M.; Dolan, C. V.; van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010). «A systematic literature review of the average IQ of sub-Saharan Africans». Intelligence38 (1): 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.05.002.
Skeem, Jennifer L. (2003). «Psychopathic personality and racial/ethnic differences reconsidered: a reply to Lynn (2002)». Personality and Individual Differences35 (6): 1439-1462. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00361-6.
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mysite.du.edu
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «Lynn's distortions and misrepresentations of the data constitute a truly venomous racism, combined with scandalous disregard for scientific objectivity. Lynn is widely known among academics to be an associate editor of the racist journal "Mankind Quarterly" and a major recipient of financial support from the nativist, eugenically oriented Pioneer Fund.»
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American272. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «In 1992 Owen reported on a sample of coloured students that had been added to the groups he had tested earlier. The footnote in "The Bell Curve" seems to credit this report as proving that South African colored students have an IQ "similar to that of American blacks", that is, about 85 (the actual reference does not appear in the book's bibliography). That statement does not correctly characterize Owen's work. The test used by Owen in 1992 was the "nonverbal" Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is thought to be less culturally biased than other IQ tests. He was able to compare the performance of colored students with that of the whites, blacks and Indians in his 1989 study because the earlier set of pupils had taken the Progressive Matrices in addition to the Junior Aptitude Tests. The black pupils, recall, had poor knowledge of English, but Owen felt that the instructions for the Matrices "are so easy that they can be explained with gestures". Owen's 1992 paper again does not assign IQs to the pupils. Rather he gives the mean number of correct responses on the Progressive Matrices (out of a possible 60) for each group: 45 for whites, 42 for Indians, 37 for coloreds and 28 for blacks. The test's developer, John Raven, repeatedly insisted that results on the Progressive Matrices tests cannot be converted into IQs. Matrices scores, unlike IQs, are not symmetrical around their mean (no "bell curve" here). There is thus no meaningful way to convert an average of raw Matrices scores into an IQ, and no comparison with American black IQs is possible.»
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American272. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «Lynn chose to ignore the substance of Crawford-Nutt's paper, which reported that 228 black high school students in Soweto scored an average of 45 correct responses on the Matrices—HIGHER than the mean of 44 achieved by the same-age white sample on whom the test's norms had been established and well above the mean of Owen's coloured pupils.»
duke.edu
biology.duke.edu
Kamin, Leon. «Behind the Bell Curve». Scientific American: 100. Archivado desde el original el 5 de marzo de 2016. «Lynn's distortions and misrepresentations of the data constitute a truly venomous racism, combined with the scandalous disregard for scientific objectivity».
Kamin, Leon. «Behind the Bell Curve». Scientific American: 100. Archivado desde el original el 5 de marzo de 2016. «Lynn's distortions and misrepresentations of the data constitute a truly venomous racism, combined with the scandalous disregard for scientific objectivity».
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «Lynn's distortions and misrepresentations of the data constitute a truly venomous racism, combined with scandalous disregard for scientific objectivity. Lynn is widely known among academics to be an associate editor of the racist journal "Mankind Quarterly" and a major recipient of financial support from the nativist, eugenically oriented Pioneer Fund.»
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American272. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «In 1992 Owen reported on a sample of coloured students that had been added to the groups he had tested earlier. The footnote in "The Bell Curve" seems to credit this report as proving that South African colored students have an IQ "similar to that of American blacks", that is, about 85 (the actual reference does not appear in the book's bibliography). That statement does not correctly characterize Owen's work. The test used by Owen in 1992 was the "nonverbal" Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is thought to be less culturally biased than other IQ tests. He was able to compare the performance of colored students with that of the whites, blacks and Indians in his 1989 study because the earlier set of pupils had taken the Progressive Matrices in addition to the Junior Aptitude Tests. The black pupils, recall, had poor knowledge of English, but Owen felt that the instructions for the Matrices "are so easy that they can be explained with gestures". Owen's 1992 paper again does not assign IQs to the pupils. Rather he gives the mean number of correct responses on the Progressive Matrices (out of a possible 60) for each group: 45 for whites, 42 for Indians, 37 for coloreds and 28 for blacks. The test's developer, John Raven, repeatedly insisted that results on the Progressive Matrices tests cannot be converted into IQs. Matrices scores, unlike IQs, are not symmetrical around their mean (no "bell curve" here). There is thus no meaningful way to convert an average of raw Matrices scores into an IQ, and no comparison with American black IQs is possible.»
Kamin, Leon (February 1995). «The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life». Scientific American272. Archivado desde el original el 22 de octubre de 2007. «Lynn chose to ignore the substance of Crawford-Nutt's paper, which reported that 228 black high school students in Soweto scored an average of 45 correct responses on the Matrices—HIGHER than the mean of 44 achieved by the same-age white sample on whom the test's norms had been established and well above the mean of Owen's coloured pupils.»
