Superficie libre.McGraw-Diccionario de cerro de Plazos Científicos y Técnicos. McGraw-Compañías de cerro, Inc., 2003. Answers.com. Recuperado encima 2007-12-02.
Millikan, Robert Andrews; Gale, Henry Gordon (1906). «161. Shape assumed by a free liquid». A First Course in Physics. Ginn & company. p. 114. «Since, then, every molecule of a liquid is pulling on every other molecule, any body of liquid which is free to take its natural shape that is which is acted on only by its own cohesive forces, must draw itself together until it has the smallest possible surface compatible with its volume; for, since every molecule in the surface is drawn toward the interior by the attraction of the molecules within, it is clear that molecules must continually move toward the center of the mass until the whole has reached the most compact form possible. Now the geometrical figure which has the smallest area for a given volume is a sphere. We conclude, therefore, that if we could relieve a body of liquid from the action of gravity and other outside forces, it would at once take the form of a perfect sphere.»
Dull, Charles Elwood (1922). «92. Shape Assumed by a Free Liquid». Essentials of Modern Physics. New York: H. Holt. «Since the molecules of liquids slide over one another readily, the force of gravity causes the surface of liquids to become level. If the force of gravity can be nullified, a small portion of free liquid will then assume a spherical form.»
Gilman, Daniel Coit, ed. (1903). «Hydrostatics». The New International Encyclopædia. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 739.
Suryanarayana, N. V. (2000). «3.2.2 Forced Convection - External Flows». En Kreith, Frank, ed. The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering (Mechanical Engineering). Berlin: Springer-Verlag and Heidelberg. pp. 3–44. ISBN3-540-66349-5. «In free-surface jets — a liquid jet in an atmosphere of air is a good approximation to a free-surface jet — the entrainment effect is usually negligible…».
White, Frank M. (2000). «2.5 Open Channel Flow». En Kreith, Frank, ed. The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering (Mechanical Engineering). Berlin: Springer-Verlag and Heidelberg. pp. 2–61. ISBN3-540-66349-5. «The term open channel flow denotes the gravity-driven flow of a liquid with a free surface.»
«The Free Surface Effect - Stability». Consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2007. «In a partly filled tank or fish hold, the contents will shift with the movement of the boat. This "free surface" effect increases the danger of capsizing.»
vishay.com
«Glossary: Free Surface». Interactive Guide. Vishay Measurements Group. Consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2007. «Surface of a body with no normal stress perpendicular or shear stresses parallel to it…».
