Compare: «Tyrant». Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project. 6 de noviembre de 2009. Consultado el 1 de abril de 2015. «[...] today by tyrant one understands, not only a usurper of sovereign power, but even a legitimate sovereign who abuses his power in order to violate the law, to oppress his people, and to make his subjects the victims of his passions and unjust desires, which he substitutes for laws.»
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Varios autores (1910-1911). «Encyclopædia Britannica». En Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Encyclopædia Britannica. A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General information(en inglés) (11.ª edición). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; actualmente en dominio público.: "TYRANT (Gr. τύραννος, master, ruler), a term applied in modern times to a ruler of a cruel and oppressive character."