Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). "Damascus". In Janet L. Abu-Lughod (ed.). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 119–126. ISBN978-1-57607-919-5. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
Frank Moore Cross (Feb 1972). "The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (205): 40. doi:10.2307/1356214. JSTOR1356214. S2CID163497507.
Paul E. Dion (May 1988). "Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times Until Its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 BC., Wayne T. Pitard". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (270): 98. JSTOR1357008.
Frank Moore Cross (Feb 1972). "The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (205): 40. doi:10.2307/1356214. JSTOR1356214. S2CID163497507.
Frank Moore Cross (Feb 1972). "The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (205): 40. doi:10.2307/1356214. JSTOR1356214. S2CID163497507.
Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). "Damascus". In Janet L. Abu-Lughod (ed.). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 119–126. ISBN978-1-57607-919-5. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2021.