Millero, Frank J.; Feistel, Rainer; Wright, Daniel G.; McDougall, Trevor J. (January 2008). "The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (1): 50–72. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001.
eoearth.org
Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Calcium", eds. A. Jorgensen, C. Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. Some evidence shows the potential for fairly regular ratios of elements maintained across surface oceans in a phenomenon known as the Redfield ratio. National Council for Science and the Environment.
