آبجو (Persian Wikipedia)

Bamforth, C. W. (17–20 September 2006). "Beer as liquid bread: Overlapping science.". World Grains Summit 2006: Foods and Beverages. San Francisco, California, USA. Archived from the original on 28 March 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2006.{{cite conference}}: نگهداری یادکرد:فرمت پارامتر تاریخ (link)

abgbrew.com

ABGbrew.com بایگانی‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئن ۲۰۱۰ توسط Wayback Machine Steve Parkes, British Brewing, American Brewers Guild.

agiweb.org

"Geology and Beer". Geotimes. August 2004. Retrieved 5 November 2007.

aina.org

Dornbusch, Horst (27 August 2006). "Beer: The Midwife of Civilization". Assyrian International News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

alabev.com

"A History of Beer" (به انگلیسی). alabev. Archived from the original on 10 October 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011. بایگانی‌شده در ۱۰ اکتبر ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine
Alabev.com بایگانی‌شده در ۲۳ ژانویه ۲۰۱۶ توسط Wayback Machine The Ingredients of Beer. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

alaska.edu

gi.alaska.edu

Helfferich, Carla (ed.). "Beer before bread". Alaska Science Forum. Geophysical Institute. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska System. 1039. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2008.

alcoholprofessor.com

Get to Know American Amber Ale with Em Sauter

archive.org

Barth, Roger (2013). The Chemistry of Beer: The Science in the suds. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-67497-0.
Black, Jeremy A.; Cunningham, Graham; Robson, Eleanor (2004). The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926311-0.
Stampfer MJ, Kang JH, Chen J, Cherry R, Grodstein F (January 2005). "Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women". N Engl J Med. 352 (3): 245–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041152. PMID 15659724. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Mukamal KJ, Conigrave KM, Mittleman MA (January 2003). "Roles of drinking pattern and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men". N Engl J Med. 348 (2): 109–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022095. PMID 12519921.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Edell, Dean (2004). Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. New York: Harper Collins. pp. 191–192.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"World's strongest beer reclaimed". BBC News. 16 February 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
[۱] Will Smale, BBC, 20 April 2006, Is today's beer all image over reality?. Retrieved 12 September 2008.

beer-brewing.com

beer-brewing.com Beer-brewing.com Ted Goldammer, The Brewers Handbook, Chapter 6 – Beer Adjuncts, Apex Pub (1 January 2000), ISBN 0-9675212-0-3. Retrieved 29 September 2008 بایگانی‌شده در ۲۷ اکتبر ۲۰۰۷ توسط Wayback Machine

beer-pages.com

Protz, Roger (December 4, 2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 2010-09-21. When people of the ancient world realised they could make bread and beer from grain, they stopped roaming and settled down to cultivate cereals in recognisable communities.
"Roger Protz tries his hand at brewing". Beer-pages.com. June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

beerhunter.com

Beerhunter.com Michael Jackson, A good beer is a thorny problem down Mexico way, What's Brewing, 1 October 1997. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
Beerhunder.com Michael Jackson, BeerHunter, 19 October 1991, Brewing a good glass of water. Retrieved 13 September 2008.

books.google.com

McFarland, Ben (2009). World's Best Beers: One thousand craft brews from cask to glass. Sterling Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4027-6694-7.
Nelson, Max (2005). The Barbarians' Beverage: A history of beer in ancient Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-31121-2 – via Google Books.
Standage, Tom (2006). A History of the World in Six Glasses. Westminster, MD: Anchor Books. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-385-66087-7.

britannica.com

«Beer». Britannica.com.; Michael M. Homan, 'Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient near Eastern Love Story, Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Jun. , 2004), pp. 84-95.

cbsnews.com

«Archeologists Link Rise of Civilization and Beer's Invention - Tech Talk - CBS News». www.cbsnews.com. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۰-۱۱-۱۰.

doi.org

Stampfer MJ, Kang JH, Chen J, Cherry R, Grodstein F (January 2005). "Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women". N Engl J Med. 352 (3): 245–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041152. PMID 15659724. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Hines LM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J (February 2001). "Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase and the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on myocardial infarction". N Engl J Med. 344 (8): 549–55. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102223440802. PMID 11207350.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Berger K, Ajani UA, Kase CS (November 1999). "Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among U.S. male physicians". N Engl J Med. 341 (21): 1557–64. doi:10.1056/NEJM199911183412101. PMID 10564684.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Mukamal KJ, Conigrave KM, Mittleman MA (January 2003). "Roles of drinking pattern and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men". N Engl J Med. 348 (2): 109–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022095. PMID 12519921.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)

dreherrt.hu

"Beer-history". Dreher Breweries. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

dw.com

ده نکته درباره آبجو در آلمان، دویچه وله فارسی

europeanbeerguide.net

"Volume of world beer production". European Beer Guide. Retrieved 17 October 2006.

farm-direct.co.uk

Farm-direct.co.uk Oz, Barley Malt, 6 February 2002. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

foodnavigator.com

"Double benefit from alcohol-free beer". Food Navigator. 17 May 2005.

google.co.uk

books.google.co.uk

Max Nelson, The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe pp110, Routledge (2005), ISBN 0-415-31121-7

homebrew4u.co.uk

"Breaking the Home Brewing Law in Alabama". Homebrew4u.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2008.

lifeslittlemysteries.com

Ben Mauk (۲۳ مارس ۲۰۱۰). "When Was Beer Invented?" (به انگلیسی). lifeslittlemysteries. Archived from the original on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.

matrifocus.com

Stuckey, Johanna, ed. (2006). "Nin-kasi: Mesopotamian goddess of beer". Spotlight. Matrifocus. Retrieved 13 May 2008.

msn.com

msnbc.msn.com

"Non-alcoholic beer may help mice fight cancer". Reuters. 21 January 2005.

nejm.org

content.nejm.org

Hines LM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J (February 2001). "Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase and the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on myocardial infarction". N Engl J Med. 344 (8): 549–55. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102223440802. PMID 11207350.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Berger K, Ajani UA, Kase CS (November 1999). "Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among U.S. male physicians". N Engl J Med. 341 (21): 1557–64. doi:10.1056/NEJM199911183412101. PMID 10564684.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stampfer MJ, Kang JH, Chen J, Cherry R, Grodstein F (January 2005). "Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women". N Engl J Med. 352 (3): 245–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa041152. PMID 15659724. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Hines LM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J (February 2001). "Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase and the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on myocardial infarction". N Engl J Med. 344 (8): 549–55. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102223440802. PMID 11207350.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Berger K, Ajani UA, Kase CS (November 1999). "Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among U.S. male physicians". N Engl J Med. 341 (21): 1557–64. doi:10.1056/NEJM199911183412101. PMID 10564684.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Mukamal KJ, Conigrave KM, Mittleman MA (January 2003). "Roles of drinking pattern and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men". N Engl J Med. 348 (2): 109–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022095. PMID 12519921.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link) نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Harden A, Zilva SS (1924). "Investigation of Barley, Malt and Beer for Vitamins B and C". Biochem J. 18 (5): 1129–32. PMC 1259493. PMID 16743343.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Harden A, Zilva SS (1924). "Investigation of Barley, Malt and Beer for Vitamins B and C". Biochem J. 18 (5): 1129–32. PMC 1259493. PMID 16743343.

nytimes.com

"Jar in Iranian Ruins Betrays Beer Drinkers of 3500 B.C. - New York Times". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2010-11-10.

radiozamaneh.com

"نگاهی به می‌گساری در کشورهای اسلامی - رادیو زمانه". رادیو زمانه (به پشتو). 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2019-02-05.{{cite web}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link)

researchandmarkets.com

"Beer: Global Industry Guide". Research and Markets. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.

reuters.com

"Analysis: Premium Chinese beer a bitter brew for foreign brands". Reuters. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2016. {{cite news}}: More than one of |accessdate= و |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= و |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= و |archive-url= specified (help) «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۳۰ اکتبر ۲۰۱۵. دریافت‌شده در ۷ آوریل ۲۰۱۶.

sciam.com

Mirsky, Steve (May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2010-09-21.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link)

spiegel.de

"492 Years of Good Beer: Germans Toast the Anniversary of Their Beer Purity Law بایگانی‌شده در ۱۱ مه ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine". Der Spiegel April 23, 2008.

stonepages.com

"Prehistoric brewing: the true story". Archaeo News. 22 October 2001. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

web.archive.org

Helfferich, Carla (ed.). "Beer before bread". Alaska Science Forum. Geophysical Institute. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska System. 1039. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
"A History of Beer" (به انگلیسی). alabev. Archived from the original on 10 October 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011. بایگانی‌شده در ۱۰ اکتبر ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine
Ben Mauk (۲۳ مارس ۲۰۱۰). "When Was Beer Invented?" (به انگلیسی). lifeslittlemysteries. Archived from the original on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Mirsky, Steve (May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2010-09-21.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link)
Dornbusch, Horst (27 August 2006). "Beer: The Midwife of Civilization". Assyrian International News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
Protz, Roger (December 4, 2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 2010-09-21. When people of the ancient world realised they could make bread and beer from grain, they stopped roaming and settled down to cultivate cereals in recognisable communities.
"Beer-history". Dreher Breweries. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
"492 Years of Good Beer: Germans Toast the Anniversary of Their Beer Purity Law بایگانی‌شده در ۱۱ مه ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine". Der Spiegel April 23, 2008.
"Beer: Global Industry Guide". Research and Markets. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
"Analysis: Premium Chinese beer a bitter brew for foreign brands". Reuters. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2016. {{cite news}}: More than one of |accessdate= و |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= و |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= و |archive-url= specified (help) «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۳۰ اکتبر ۲۰۱۵. دریافت‌شده در ۷ آوریل ۲۰۱۶.
"Breaking the Home Brewing Law in Alabama". Homebrew4u.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
"Roger Protz tries his hand at brewing". Beer-pages.com. June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
ABGbrew.com بایگانی‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئن ۲۰۱۰ توسط Wayback Machine Steve Parkes, British Brewing, American Brewers Guild.
Alabev.com بایگانی‌شده در ۲۳ ژانویه ۲۰۱۶ توسط Wayback Machine The Ingredients of Beer. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
beer-brewing.com Beer-brewing.com Ted Goldammer, The Brewers Handbook, Chapter 6 – Beer Adjuncts, Apex Pub (1 January 2000), ISBN 0-9675212-0-3. Retrieved 29 September 2008 بایگانی‌شده در ۲۷ اکتبر ۲۰۰۷ توسط Wayback Machine
Bamforth, C. W. (17–20 September 2006). "Beer as liquid bread: Overlapping science.". World Grains Summit 2006: Foods and Beverages. San Francisco, California, USA. Archived from the original on 28 March 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2006.{{cite conference}}: نگهداری یادکرد:فرمت پارامتر تاریخ (link)
"Why our beer is special and, dare we say, better; No filtering". Franconia Notch Brewing Company. Archived from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2006.

wikisource.org

fa.wikisource.org

Wikisource 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brewing/Chemistry. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

yahoo.com

biz.yahoo.com

"Industry Browser — Consumer Non-Cyclical — Beverages (Alcoholic) – Company List". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 5 November 2007.