Titsingh, p. 329., p. 329, در گوگل بوکس; Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 234 n.10; n.b. , Yoshikasu (b. 1407 – named shōgun in 1423) = 18yrs. In this period, "children were considered one year old at birth and became two the following New Year's Day; and all people advanced a year that day, not on their actual birthday."]
